Roman fibulae as part of women's costume: examination of tombstones from Komárom-Esztergom County (original) (raw)
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75 YEAR JUBILEE OF THE INSTITUTE OF ART HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, 2024
The ancient necropolis of Gorenci near Trebenishta certainly has a special place in the context of Central Balkans archaeology. During several campaigns in the last century, some of the most valuable examples of arts and crafts from the 6th and 5th centuries BCE were discovered. Both older and more recent considerations of this material increasingly confirm the value of the Ohrid area in the dynamic processes of various intercultural relations and transmissions of leading members of society of that period, but also the spread of specific material culture of the narrower and wider region. An exceptional find is certainly Grave 8, which was systematically discussed in previous scientific discourse so that the preserved objects have undergone countless interpretations. However, they were rarely or never connected into a meaningful, coherent entity that represented the grave as a unique, cohesive unit. The present study focuses on the archaeological context of the grave and the analysis of symbolic grave goods, such as golden foils that covered various parts of the deceased's body, silver ceremonial drinking vases, an Illyrian bronze helmet, and a volute krater. Since the comparative analysis and iconographic interpretation of multidimensional visual art depicted on these objects are integral to understanding the archaeological context, their synthesis will revise previous knowledge and offer a new interpretation of the gender, age, and significance of the buried person as well as the burial ritual itself.
In Harmony With Fashion. The Earliest Graves in the Komini Necropolis, North Montenegro
ISTROS, XXVIII , 2022
The paper presents observations about the beginnings of burials in the old necropolis of the settlement in Komini near Pljevlja, which is known in scientific literature as Municipium S… It is broadly believed that the earliest burials at Necropolis I were chronologically positioned in the 1st century AD or as early as the 1st century BC. Still, with a more detailed insight into archaeological material from graves discovered in 1973, which has not been thoroughly analysed up to now, data were obtained indicating that the earliest burials in Komini should be dated as early as the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 3rd century BC. These observations are even more significant because until now there have not been any data about funerary practice and grave forms for the period of the Late Iron Age in this area.
Decorated femoral head from the Early Bronze Age cemetery at Gáň (Galanta district, Slovakia)
An incomplete, probably femoral head (caput femoris) with the appearance of a decorated bone artefact was found in grave AH 168 at the Gáň cemetery (Galanta district, Slovakia). The cemetery was dated to the Early Bronze Age (1900 BC) and belonged to the so-called Nitra culture. The grave proved to be highly disturbed secondarily; it contained much-damaged skeletal remains., It was set in southwest-northeast orientation and had the shape of a slightly irregular rectangle. Approximately in the centre of the grave pit, there were the inhumated human remains of a young adult person. They consisted of broken long bones of the upper extremities, of both the shoulder bones and a right ulna proximal fragment. A copper dagger was lying in between them. In the northeast part of the grave, the incomplete femora, a part of the fibula and a pelvis fragment were found. Near the femoral distal epiphysis, a decorated femoral head was situated. Furthermore, fragments of a temporal bone and six teeth were found. The femoral head was decorated with an abstract image consisting of parallel lines and squares; its body was perforated by five holes. Using the CT scan, we tried to determine if the artefact was made of human or bear (Ursus) femur. However, the analysis revealed that it is not possible to precisely differentiate a human bone sample from that of a bear. Moreover, the possibility that the artefact was made of the femoral head of another animal (bigger mammal) could not be excluded. The function of the artefact is not clear; we suppose it could have been either an amulet, or a big button for fastening clothing.
The book contains a presentation of all preserved archaeological finds discovered in 1890 in Novo mesto on part of a road that until 1993 was the initial part of Ljubljanska cesta (Ljubljana road) and from then on the beginning of Seidlova cesta (Seidl's road), and of finds excavated in 1902 in the area of Okrajno glavarstvo (District board). The monograph also includes studies of some types of Late La Tène fibulae and a study on the relative chronology of the Late La Tène period. The author suggests for the cemetery, which till now appeared in the literature under the name Beletov vrt, a new name "Beletov vrt cemetery with its surroundings". It is composed of three main (Ljubljanska cesta, Okrajno glavarstvo and Beletov vrt) and two smaller parts (Hiša Vojska and Skabernetov vrt). The chapter on the history of research, including the transcriptions of all important written sources from the time before World War I, is devoted to this cemetery, as well as the chapter on its chronology. In the catalogue, on the plates and on some of the figures, the finds from the Ljubljanska cesta and Okrajno glavarstvo areas are presented; they are kept in the prehistoric and Roman collections as well as in the Coin Cabinet of the National Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana. The studies of fibulae are devoted to the variants of the Nauheim type, appearing on the sites of the Mokronog Group in central and eastern Slovenia, to the Nova vas type fibulae and to the arched fibulae of the Idrija Ia type. A special chapter is devoted to the relative chronology of the Late La Tène period in the south-eastern Alpine area (the Mokronog Group and Magdalensberg in the Austrian Carinthia) and in northern Italy (Lombardy and the Veneto). 2008, Katalogi in monografije 39, 240 pages, 91 colour and b-w photos, drawings, tables and maps, 33 plates, 24 x 32,8 cm, hardcover, ISBN 978-961-6169-60-8. Price: 45 €