22000 words in English (original) (raw)
The Reconstruction of Proto-Malayo-Javanic
A tree-configuration of the re1ationships among the four 1anguages as determined by 1exicostatistics is as fo11ows: Sundanese Ma1ay Madurese Javanese The four 1anguages 1.4. Sundanese. Sundanese is the first (i.e. the native) language of about 15 mi11ion people in the Pasundan region, West Java. In the north, the Sundanese speaking area reaches the Java Sea on1y in the area of Pamanukan. Otherwise, it is separated from the sea main1y by a thin strip of Javanese and the much deeper wedge-shaped area of Jakarta-Ma1ay which inc1udes Jakarta and thins toward the south with its southernmosttip just north of Bogor. Map 1 shows the 1anguage borders between Sundanese and Javanese, and Jakarta Ma1ay as they were found in a recent study.5 Bernd Nothofer-978-90-04-28704-4 Downloaded from Brill.com12/23/2021 12:48:34PM via free access {a} The N-alternation appears as m-before a base whose postpausal form has an initial pand a number of bases whose post-pausal form has an initial b. Af ter the active prefix alternant m-, the p or b of the post-pausal form is replaced by 0: e.g., pakeq, makeq (L) 'to use'; b~~k~t, m4uk4t 'to bind'. 6 (b) The N-alternationappears as n-before a base whose postpausal form begins with t. Af ter the active prefix alternant n-, the t of the post-pausal form is replaced by 0: e.g., tutup, nutup (L) 'to close'. Cc} The N-alternation appears as n-before a base whose postpausal form begins with s or c. Af ter the active prefix alternant n-, the s or c of the post-pausal form is replaced by 0: e.g., susul, nusul 'to pursue'; cokot, iiokot (L) 'to take away'. (d) The N-alternation appears as ubefore a base whose postpausal form begins with k or q. Af ter the active prefix alternant u-, the k or q of the post-pausal form is replaced by 0: e.g., kirim, ~irim (L) 'to send'; qinum, ninum (L) 'to drink'. Ce} The N-alternation appears as ~abefore non-alternating initials. Examples of non-alternating initials are the following: bacir, nabacir 'to flee'; dapan, ~adapan (L) 'to lie on the belly'; jinjin, naji~jin 'to lift up with the hand'; g~in' nag~i~ 'to wake up'; minak, naminakan 'to oil s.t.'; nuhun, Uanuhunk4n 'to thank s.o. for', nawaq, nanawaqan 'to reach for, attempt'; naran, ~anarank~n 'to name
American Speech, 2010
Here we continue our consideration of the nominees in the American Dialect Society's Word of the Year voting for 2021, covering items in the alphabetic range from hard pants to yassify. The full list of nominees was provided in the introduction to the May 2022 installment of ATNW (AS 97, no. 2), which covered the first half of the alphabet. Details of the voting and lists of past winners are available at the ADS website (https://www .americandialect.org/2021-word-of-the-year-is-insurrection). The results for the WOTY votes from 2020 are also included as supplemental materials the online version of this installment (