日本語の呼びかけ語のポライトネス的要素の考察 Politeness of the Vocative in Japanese (original) (raw)
2017, 東アジア日本語・日本文化研究
This paper focuses on the vocative in Japanese, from the perspective of the politeness theory by Brown & Levinson, showing that the addition of a vocative to an utterance functions as a positive politeness strategy. First, I critically overviewed the work of Takiura (2007) about the politeness of terms of address in Japanese. Then I analyzed the use of vocative in conversation as a politeness strategy based on the hypothesis of Takahashi (2005) that the choice of terms of address in Japanese relies on discernment, i.e. “wakimae” (see Ide 2006), and their use depends on volitional choice as a politeness strategy. My results show that when the vocative occurs with a high-FTA utterance for the negative face of hearer, it functions as a positive politeness strategy. This can be explained in terms of the vocative highlighting the aim of utterance and at the same time shortening the distance toward the hearer, thus making the utterance more casual. A vocative appearing with an FTA utterance for positive face of hearer also strengthens the speech act as a positive politeness strategy. Finally, I suggested the possibility of the vocative being one of the forms of showing modality toward the hearer.
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