Rio de Janeiro and Portugal's tTrans-Oceanic Empire, 1700-1730006.pdf (original) (raw)
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scielo.oces.mctes.pt
is an extremely valuable contribution for all those interested in studying the Portuguese overseas empire. It is also a work that is particularly welcome in the market formed by the more than forty postgraduate courses in History already existing in Brazil. The book's quality is immediately guaranteed by the recognized excellence of its contributors, who include Stuart Schwartz, A.J.R. Russell-Wood and J. Thornton. These are senior researchers and experts in the travelers and chroniclers of the time, who are also fully conversant with the primary documentation and the recent postgraduate theses written in their specialist areas. New imperial spacesparticularly Africa-are analyzed in the book, which turns out to be an important innovation in comparison with the studies already published on the theme. Attention is also drawn to the concern shown with studying the relational dynamics between groups and territories within the imperial complex itself, in both economic and religious terms. In the same way, concern is also shown with adopting more general approaches to studying the performance of the Portuguese imperial economy over the long term, while, in the last part of the book, a study is made of the dynamics of the Portuguese empire within the overall context of the modern age. Lastly, the work also includes a number of other extremely valuable contributions, such as those provided by Jorge Pedreira, Luiz Felipe Alencastro, Isabel dos Guimarães de Sá and Anthony Disney, amongst others. Besides this, the collection provides us with the chance to join in the debate on the political and economic dynamics of the Portuguese empire in the modern age. In the Introduction, the editors immediately criticize what they classify as a postmodern approach to the notion of empire. According to the editors, such an interpretation goes beyond a perspective that denotes a nationalist bias and instead lays emphasis on local power structures in detriment to the authority of the Crown over the empire's destiny. Being critical of this new interpretation, the editors draw attention to the dangers that it brings with it, since weakening the power of the State implies leaving the helm of the oceanic empire in the hands of the Catholic Church. Thus, as far as the editors of Portuguese Oceanic Expansion are concerned, without a monarchy there would be no empire. In principle, although this is a pertinent and valid premise, it does, however, require more precise examination of the nature of the power that was exercised within that monarch. Two decades ago, such a monarchy was understood by the specialist historiography in this field to be in essence the State itself. As far as the French cae was concerned, Emmanuel Le Roy
Portuguese Oceanic Expansion, 1400-1600
2016
Commissioned by Jordana Dym (Skidmore College) This collection of essays is a handbook for the English-speaking world interested in the Portuguese expansion overseas, in which Francisco Bethencourt and Diogo Ramada Curto set an agenda for a new set of approaches to the study of the Portuguese expansion. First, they wish to provide a global and comparative perspective of the Portuguese expansion. Second, they want to break
Early Atlantic Navigation: Pre-Portuguese Presence in the Azores Islands
We present here evidence of pre-Portuguese presence in the Azores Islands, Portugal, found near the site of Grota do Medo (Posto Santo), discovered by Rodrigues (2013) in Terceira Island, Azores. This evidence was dated by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, and indicates the presence of human activity in Terceira Island before or during the XIth century. The evidence consisted in a man-made rock basin, which was found in a site that contains also striking similarities with many other aspects from ancient cultures, including other man-made rock basins, arrangements of large stones which resemble megalithic constructions, and inscriptions in stones which resemble ancient petroglyphs. Although the dating of this evidence is highly suggestive of the presence of human activity in the Azores Islands long before the arrival of the Portuguese navigators of the XVth century, there is no clear evidence which enables us to identify which specific culture may have existed in the Azores before the Portuguese arrival.
THE 1516 NATIVE SOUTH AMERICAN-PORTUGUESE CONTACT IN THE BRAZILIAN COAST
Presented on the Conference on Historical and Underwater Archeology, 26th, Annual Meeting of The Society for Historical Archaeology, Kansas City - USA, Jan. 1993, 1993
O trabalho trata de um sitio arqueológico de contato entre europeus e indígenas no Brasil no ano de 1510. Este é um dos primeiro contatos descoberto e escavado arqueologicamente. O material arqueológico encontrado é predominantemente cerâmica da Tradição Tupiguarani e faiança portuguesa.
Maritime Archaeology in Portugal: A view of the past and present
Portugal is a country with a secular strategy in overseas expansion, a cultural identity linked to the sea and of a cultural heritage spawning four continents. Thus maritime archaeology has become an essential field to understand the country. Presented here is an overview of the current state of maritime archaeology in Portugal in regard to several projects presently underway in Portugal and their contribution towards Portuguese history and maritime history in general. These occur in diverse fields as coastal knowledge, maritime cultural landscape, coastal archaeology, port studies associated with river and estuary research, ship's studies and history of shipbuilding. Portugal's ties to the sea have a secular origin. The geographic shoreline configuration (800 km of shoreline in a border of 1800 km) and abundant waterways and ports, led to an intense riverside settlement, to the development of maritime related economic activities, to a secular navigation knowledge and, of course, the cognitive construction of an entire magico-religious maritime tradition in the territory of present day Portugal. A country with very early defined borders in the late 13th century, Portugal secularly adopted overseas expansion as a main strategy. Its interventions in Africa, America and Asia tried to balance a lack of European expression, enabling a fragile political, economic and even cultural independence. Thus, Portuguese historiography has always privileged the discoveries and overseas expansion historic period, focusing on it in search of answers to the national successes and failures in either nationalistic or unnationalistic spectrum. After the revolution on 25 April 1974 (starting democracy) research in Portugal's maritime dimension had a more serene environment and began to study other periods of Portuguese history. At this time also an entire range of unexplored sources were utilized in a consistent manner. This process led to the institution of archaeology in Portugal. Maritime archaeology was also belatedly institutionalized. Its progress has occurred principally in the latest decades. However it, made an undeniable contribution to several never before fully explored problematic, only addressed by traditional historiography, based upon written documents. This new field was important for the modern age studies, especially the overseas expansion period, but also added new data related to the roman period and others. In this text we sketch an abbreviated picture of the introduction period of this discipline in Portugal, characterizing mainly the currently ongoing collective projects in Portugal. Omissions or lapses are possible in a text that represents a group vision with largely diverse experiences in this field, but we hope presently to build a common approach, always in diversity.
Single Contributions. Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World 53 (Heidelberg, Propylaeum 2022) 565–569, 2022
Florian Hermann (Philipps-Universität Marburg) - Felix Teichner (Philipps-Universität Marburg) - Joao Pedro Bernardes (Universidade do Algarve) - Ricardo Soares (Câmara Municipal de Vila do Bispo), Boca do Rio (Algarve, Portugal) – A center of export oriented garum production on the shore of roman Lusitania. Located in the extreme southwest of Iberia, the area of Sagres includes several small fishing ports and archaeological sites (as those around the palaeoestuary of Boca do Rio). These sites still preserve records and elements of a long fishing tradition, as well as from its Atlantic and Mediterranean influences, and the geo and bio-indicators of ancient coastal cataclysms. Through a transdisciplinary fieldwork and an integrated research, the autors seek to clarify the coexistence of these fishing populations with the geo-coastal dynamics and with the communities of seafarers. On the shores of the old lagoon and paleoestuary of Boca do Rio, archaeological research detected an intense fishing and saline occupation with more than two thousand years, whose locations alternate between the beach and the interior lands. In these sites, it is possible to observe the evolution of the instruments and fishing gear. Concomitantly, Boca do Rio natural characteristics yield exceptional conditions for the observation of coastal geodynamics and their effects on the local communities. Moreover, in the surrounding region, the geo-indicators of ancient coastal cataclysms and their consequences are very well preserved. In addition, geo-sedimentological research has demonstrated the frequent invasion of the paleoestuary by high-energy marine events, such as the 1755 Tsunami, whose impact and destructive force can be measured.
Complutum
The site of Quinta do Marcelo has been an unavoidable mark in the bibliography addressing the later phases of the Bronze Age along the Portuguese Atlantic coast, particularly with regard to the large-scale trade networks and the impact caused by the arrival of foreign elements to the area. For the very first time, we present the entire artefact assemblage, which, as anticipated, proves to be remarkably rich and diversified. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the contexts identified during the excavation carried out in 1986. This new approach allowed us to reassess some questions perpetuated in specialised bibliography and reevaluate the chronological framework of the occupation, which lasted until the Iron Age. In addition to two combustion structures and what has been described as a negative structure, small pit-like structures, possibly associated with vineyard planting, were also identified, corresponding to the earliest trace of this activity in Portuguese territory.