Nutritional Assessment of Pre-School Children in Rural Villages of the Family Dynamics, Lifestyles and Nutrition Study (1997-2001) II. Prevalence of Undernutrition and Relationship to Household Socio- Economic Indicators (original) (raw)
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Introduction: Understanding the socioeconomic characteristics of families with undernourished children is very critical to providing solution to the menace especially in rural communities where there is complexity in the relationship between economic activities, education and parental care and the undernutri-tion. Objectives: The study is aimed at understanding the nutritional status of children under the age of 5 years in relation to the socio economic status of the family so as to determine causes of vulnerability. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried among 505 children under the age of 5 years, taking measurement of their Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) using standard techniques and also taking records of their families' socioeconomic data using structured questionnaire. Results: Record of nutritional status of the children sampled shows that undernourished children were 345 (68.3%) and the nourished were 160 (31.7%). The number of times each child felt sick within the last one year shows that out of the total 505 children, 140 (27.72%) fell sick once, 155 (30.69%) fall sick twice in the previous year, 65 (12.87%) felt sick three times, 55 (10.89%) felt sick four times due to either malaria, under-nutrition or other factors. Children born to farmers, constituting 51.5% of the sampled children have as high as 69.2% prevalence of undernutrition, compared to those born to beggars (0%). The highest prevalence is recorded in children born to petty traders (80%), followed by government workers and commercial motorcyclist with 75% each. Prevalence of 100% was recorded in the sampled children whose father attains tertiary level of education, followed by those who attain only secondary level of education (68%). Conclusion: There is high prevalence of undernutrition among children in rural communities which is often underestimated for the fact that rural dwellers of Kano are mostly farmers and that they are adequate to provide for their children. Frequency of illnesses among the children of rural dwellers is associated with the nutritional status of the children. Malnutrition is not always dependent on the occupation and educational status of the parents or whether child parents are alive or not. Children of farmers and learned persons are also very susceptible to malnutrition in the rural communities of Kano. Nutritional education and programs should as well target all families with varied socioeconomic status, including farmers, petty traders and those with high educational status without making assumptions that they are less susceptible to malnutrition .
Socio-Demographic Determinants of Malnutrition among Children of 1-6 Years of Age in Rural Meerut
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2012
Background:Knowledge of various causes and coexisting factors is necessary to combat malnutrition in community. Objectives: To study the prevalence of PEM and its various socio-demographic correlates in children of 1-6 years in rural community. Method: A cross-sectional study by house to house visit covering 406 children (1-6 years) from the sub centre villages of additional PHC Amarpur in Machhra block of Meerut district. Result: The prevalence of underweight was 57.4% according to IAP classification with the proportion of grade I, II and III under nutrition being 68.2%, 29.2% and 2.6% and none of the children in grade IV under nutrition. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in 3-6 years children (64.1%) as compared to 1-3 years children (47.6%) and there was no significant difference in the sex and caste. Prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in children belonging to nuclear families. There was direct association of underweight in relation to poor housing and environmental sanitations and low standard of living index. The prevalence of underweight was low in children of literate mother. Conclusion: The study suggests to focus on preschool children for growth monitoring, especially in low socioeconomic families , approaching them by the help of anganwadis,and educating mothers of preschoolers about the impact of environmental sanitation on health..
Socioeconomic factors, living conditions and child undernutrition
Background: Malnutrition especially undernutrition is a major health problem affecting the development of the children in many developing countries of the world. It continues to be the principal cause of ill-health and premature mortality and morbidity among children. Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of 6-14 year old school going children and the association among socioeconomic factors, living conditions and child undernutrition. Methods: The present study was conducted in village Ganota of Doda district, Jammu & Kashmir to assess the nutritional status of 100 school going children (5-14 years). Nutritional status of the children was assessed in terms of anthropometric measurement. Weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ) and body mass for age (BMIZ) of the sample subjects were calculated and compared with WHO-2007 reference standard. Data were entered and analyzed using statistical software epi info 7 and Anthro Plus. Results: Results show that out of the total children screened (N=100), 36.00 percent were found stunted, 9.00 percent underweight and 2.00 percent were observed as wasted. It was further observed that female children were at higher risk of undernutrition in terms of stunting (42.86 percent of the female children), whereas underweight (11.39 percent and wasting (2.53 percent) were prevalent only in male children. Besides poverty, there are other socioeconomic factors – (mother's education, birth order in the family, joint family system, social and economic categories) and living conditions – (nature of sanitation, cooking area and fuel used) that directly or indirectly affect the nutritional status of the school-going children. Conclusion: There is a great need to focus the attention of the leaders and policy-makers for intervening in such areas, as nutritional status of children is a main indicator of development and a precondition for the society to progress.
Nutritional Status of Children in Rural setting
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014
Introduction: The fight against Malnutrition may remain for a long time as long as vast population in developing countries remain within the range of poverty coupled with ongoing chaos from political instability in some developing nations. Therefore public health investigation of nutritional status of children is a continuous process that requires several re-assessments especially in volatile environment. Anthropometry is a direct method and the commonest method of assessment of nutritional status in children in these developing nations. Our study therefore assesses the nutritional status of children in rural setting in a developing nation as Nigeria and the influencing factors prevailing for the observed variations; The significant difference between the private and government pupils through their body mass index and other anthropometric parameters. Method: A cross sectional survey of 191 children, aged 6-12 years were selected from local private and government school were used in the study. One of the private schools was randomly selected. The studied variables included; Age, sex of the pupils, religion of their parents, dietary pattern of the pupils and parents socioeconomic status and educational background. Interview of pupils and parents was carried out using prepared questionnaire template. Research ethical clearance from the University, schools head, parent consent were obtained. Weight and height of the children were measured. Anthropometric indices were determined: Weight for height, weight for age, height for age and Body Mass Index (BMI). Data was analyzed using Microsoft excel, SPSS version 16 .The chi-square significance of association was determined at Level of significance less than 0.05. Results: The proportion of male student and female students are 50.8% and 49.2% respectively. A large proportion of fathers were Civil servants (12.6%) while most mothers were farmers (17.3%), the proportion of unemployed fathers 10.47% was more than unemployed mothers. 4.7%.However more mothers that had no formal education (28.8%) than the fathers (9.4%). The proportion of female students (51.7%) who were underweight were more than their male (48.3%) counterparts. The proportion of male students (65%) who were overweight was more than the females (35%). Stunting was more prevalent amongst the males than their female counterparts. Collectively prevalence of stunting was 15.7%, while prevalence of severe stunting was 5.23%. Wasting was more prevalent amongst females 56.3% than males 47.4%. Most of the children diet consisted mainly of carbohydrates (98.4%), while occasionally Protein (92.7%) , Fruit and Vegetable (95.8%). Low socio-economical status, low educational background of parents, cultural norm and low protein diet influences the children's anthropometric parameters negatively and consequently their nutritional status. Other indirect indicators of the nutritional state of the children are the position of the child in the family, the school type attended by the child. Results showed that BMI does not indicate the specific type of under-nutrition compared to weight-height or weight for age. Conclusion: The fight against malnutrition in developing nation by UNICEF therefore should be encourages and supported and public enlightenment campaign should be stepped-up.
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2009
The study evaluated the nutritional status of preschool children; identified the influencing factors and estimated the degree of responsiveness of nutritional status index to changes in causal variables. Conducted in five villages selected from Kaduna and Kano States of northern Nigeria, the study used data from selected rural households and anthropometric measurements of preschool children resident therein. Household data were collected using structured questionnaire administered by trained enumerators. The relevant software was used to calculate nutritional status indexes while a two-limit tobit regression analysis, in which the long-term index of height-for-age entered as a dependent variable, was conducted to assess the influence of the explanatory variables on nutritional status. Tobit decomposition framework was used to estimate the elasticities. Results revealed that the proportions of children with either moderate or severe nutritional problems were 61, 17 and 40% using the height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age measures respectively. Soybean consumption (p<0.01), mother's education (p<0.01), mother's position among housewives (p<0.05) and child's height (p<0.01) were positively related to the child's nutritional status. Also, mother's age (p<0.01), child's age (p<0.01) and dependency ratio (p<0.05) had negative influence on nutritional status. A 10% increase in dependency ratio and child's mother's age would result to a 1.70 and 0.46% increases in total elasticity of children malnutrition. Proportionate percentage increases in mother's position among wives in the household, mother's level of education and household's consumption of soybean-related food would elicit a total of 0.03, 1.15 and 0.26% decreases respectively in elasticity of malnutrition. Decomposition of the elasticity coefficients revealed that marginal changes in all factors would increase or decrease the probability of intensity of children malnutrition more than they would increase or decrease the probability of prevalence. Policy options that would promote formal education for women, home use of soybean and reduction in dependency ratio are recommended to achieve meaningful improvement in nutritional status.
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2011
A community-based cross-sectional study carried out in tribal areas of Maharashtra covering 1751 preschool children to assess nutritional status. Nutritional status was assessed using new WHO Growth Standards. Household wealth index was constructed using principle component analysis. The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 64, 61 and 29%, respectively. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the prevalence of underweight and stunting over two time periods (1999 and 2008). Logistic regression showed that the risk of underweight was 1.7 times higher among children of illiterate mothers and those suffering from morbidities, while stunting was 1.4 times higher among children belonging to lowest and middle household's wealth indexes. Undernutrition is a public health problem and is associated with literacy of mother, household wealth index and morbidities. Therefore, improving socioeconomic condition along with literacy of mothers and preventing infections through personal hygiene might help in improving the nutritional status of children.
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2022
Recent data from the 2016 Nepal demographic and health survey indicated that 36% of children under 5 years of age were stunted, 10% were wasted and 27% were underweight. 4 Nepal multiple indicator cluster survey 2019 shows that 31.5% were stunted, wasted 12% and underweight 24.3% of children under 5 years of age. 5 The sustainable development goals (SDG) by 2030 target ABSTRACT Background: Proper nutrition is crucial for healthy living. According to Nepal multi-indicator cluster survey 2019, prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 31.5%, 12% and 24.3% respectively. The prevalence of under nutrition is higher in Karnali Province than other Provinces of Nepal. This study is conducted to assess the factors affecting the nutritional status of under five years' children in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Rara Chhayanath municipality, Mugu district of Nepal which was purposively selected. Three wards were selected for collection of data. Verbal informed consent was taken from the mothers of the under five children and approval was taken from Little Buddha College of Health Science and Municipality. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with nutrition status of children. Results: In the study, prevalence of stunting and wasting were high as compared to national data i.e., 40.4% and 14.1% percent respectively. The study found that maternal education, family income, exclusive breastfeeding and minimum meal frequency were significantly associated with stunting and wasting. Conclusions: Socioeconomic and child feeding practices were the associated factors of under nutrition. Programs should be focused on socio demographic and economic factors and child feeding practice to reduce problem of malnutrition.
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 2020
Aim: The study is an attempt to understand the effect of household socioeconomic status on both acute and chronic undernutrition in northeastern states of India. Methods: The study used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS). Distribution analysis and concentration index were used to examine the effect of household socioeconomic status on undernutrition. The study population consists of 31,908 children under five years of age. Results: The prevalence of stunting is decreasing significantly over time. While prevalence of wasting is seen to be increasing in states like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Sikkim. As the socioeconomic status of the household increases, the probability of both height-forage and weight-for-height z-score less than-2 standard deviation decreases significantly. The variation in the distribution of z-score decreases as the household socioeconomic status increases. Similarly, the value of concentration index for all the eight states irrespective of rural-urban place of residence are negative. Except for Sikkim, the concentration of undernourished children is higher in a household with lower socioeconomic status in urban areas compare to their counterparts in rural areas. Conclusion: The study shows the disproportionate concentration of undernutrition among the household with poorer socioeconomic status in northeast India. And the burden is higher in urban poor. Thus, an effort to balancing the socioeconomic inequalities accompanying with improving the accessibility of services to the poor is necessary for improving nutritional status for children under five years of age in northeast India.
Malaysian journal of nutrition, 2002
This paper presents the socio-economic profile of households in the Family Dynamics Study (FDS) (1997-2001) and makes comparisons with the earlier Functional Groups Study (FGS) (1992-1996). For the current study, FGS villages with a high prevalence of child malnutrition were purposively selected. In each village selected, all households were included, and interviews with a structured questionnaire were conducted in April-May 1998. Incomes were generally low and incidence of poverty was high; 49.6% of the households were under the poverty line income, of which 37.2% were poor and 12.4% were hard core poor. Overall, only 23.2% of heads of households were in agricultural occupations, others being primarily waged workers and petty traders. Livestock rearing was widespread (57.8%), and most households (90.4%) owned at least one motorised vehicle, the most common being the motorcycle. The majority of households had refrigerators (73.6%), washing machines (58.8%), and televisions (91.1%); ...
International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology, 2023
Malnutrition in toddlers is known to cause disturbances for growth and development. The impact on poor mental development and school achievement and disorders. Conventional tools are often used to predict this risk. On the other hand, the classification of nutritional disorders using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) can predict this risk better. The CIAF method is an anthropometric index that combines the three indices of weight/age, height/age, and weight/height to determine the nutritional status of toddlers. Based on Riskesdas data in 2018, the prevalence of stunting under five in Indonesia reaches 30.8% or around 7 million children under five suffer from stunting. This situation is greater than the maximum stunting prevalence limit set by WHO, which is 20%. The prevalence of stunting under five in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands is 23.37% where the highest cases occur in West Bangka Regency. However, West Bangka Regency in particular and the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands in general have not classified malnutrition that occurs based on CIAF. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and the factors that influence it in West Bangka. This study aims to determine the prevalence of undernutrition based on the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and the factors that influence it. This research is a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional design which was conducted for 10 (ten) months in West Bangka Regency. A sample of 155 toddlers was taken by using multistage random sampling technique. The instruments used include a questionnaire about the characteristics, characteristics of parents, and family economy. The measurement tools used to assess nutritional status are in the form of calibrated digital weight and height scales. The results show that 48.4% or almost half of the respondents experience growth and development failure. Most failure to thrive was in the stunting and underweight category (21.3%) and the least was in the wasting only category (1.3%). Type, age of the child, mother's age, mother's education and household income are not variables that affect the nutritional status of children. Further research is needed with a wider scope of variables so that it can be found what are the factors that influence the occurrence of malnutrition INDEX TERMS Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF), Development, Growth, Malnutrition.