Pakistan: Growth Set Back by Structural Rigidities (original) (raw)

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The paper examines the structural rigidities that have hindered economic growth in Pakistan, highlighting issues such as a politically influenced monetary system, a weak financial sector, low domestic savings, high debt levels, and poor investment returns. It stresses the interconnectedness of political and economic crises, advocating for detailed analysis and transparent discussions to address the accumulated imbalances. Proposed reforms under Mr. Burki's stewardship aim to reduce fiscal deficits and increase foreign exchange reserves, yet the necessity for political stability and institutional strength is emphasized to ensure successful implementation.

Fiscal Responsibility: A Critical Analysis of FRDL (2005) Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review, 2012

The term fiscal responsibility in financial dictionary is defined as “A balanced budget”. That is a budget wherein expenditures during a given period of time equal to revenues. The fiscal responsibility also includes a budget in which revenue is greater than the expenditures. Fiscal responsibility is achievable and most of the individuals in their private life practice fiscal responsibility. At individual level everybody knows that they have to live within the budget and usually they do not overspend. Usually overspending by individual results in bad crediting rating which one receives from their creditors due to non-payments or late payments of installments and thus denies future benefits to the person concern. Fiscal responsibility at national level implies that a government has a balanced budget and has sufficient revenue to pay for its all expenditures. There would be no overspending if government had a true balanced budget in each period. The economic future of a nation largely...

Budget Analysis of Pakistan's Provinces and AJK

Economic policies of any country directly or indirectly affect the common people of the country. When the economic decisions are taken without participation of the common people, the negative impacts of such decisions surpass the positive ones. People’s participation in the economic decision making is important because being involved in different economic activities at the grassroots levels, the common people can have the realization of the benefits or losses of any economic decision. As a result, their input in the decision making authenticates the validity and effectiveness of any economic decision, program, or project. Besides, people’s participation in such decision making also directly and indirectly encourages the common people to monitor the implementation on such decisions when they have feeling of ownership of such an important process. This reduces the chances of the mismanagement at the implementation level of any decision, project or program meant for the betterment of the common people. In Pakistan, despite the fact that the economic policies including budgets largely affect the common people; they have been largely excluded from the policy and budget making process. This situation is having negative impact on the lives and livelihoods of the common people. Budget analysis and budget advocacy are now widely regarded as a central component of a growing arsenal of approaches developed by civil society organizations for fostering government accountability. Independent budget analysis has a number of parallels with existing practices fostered by civil society organizations that are designed to expand societal deliberation in public policy formulation.

Six Simple Propositions on Budget Deficits, Public Debt and Money

Cadernos CEPEC, 2019

The paper sets out and elaborates on six propositions on budget deficits, public debt and money which should inform debates on fiscal policy. The propositions are:Money availability is not a limitation on government expenditure as the central bank is able to provide any required finance. The key considerations should focus on the issues of the social desirability of the proposed expenditure and the eventual funding of the expenditure.Phrases such as ‘magic money tree’ are designed to confuse and mislead.Proposals such as people’s QE do not enable any stimulus which cannot be obtained from conventional fiscal policy and is anti-democratic putting expenditure decisions in the hands of unelected central bankers.The golden rule’ of public finance (borrowing only for public investment) suffers from the fallacy of treating government like a firm and is comparable to the ‘government is like a household’ fallacy.The target for budget position should be to secure full employment and capacity...

The Relationship between Federal Government Revenues and Expenditures in Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review

A sound fiscal policy is important to promote price stability and sustain growth in output and employment. Fiscal policy is regarded as an instrument that can be used to lessen short-run fluctuations in output and employment in many debates of macroeconomic policy. It can also be used to bring the economy to its potential level. If policymakers understand the relationship between government expenditure and government revenue, continuous government deficits can be prevented. Hence the relationship between government expenditure and government revenue has attracted significant interest. This is due to the fact that the relationship between government revenue and expenditure has an impact on the budget deficit. The causal relationship between government revenue and expenditure has remained an empirically debatable issue in the field of public finance. The question of which variable takes precedence over the other has been a central issue to this debate.

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