Urban Climate Adaptation through Design and Planning: A New Zealand Perspective (original) (raw)

The Role of Urban Planning and Design in Responding to Climate Change: The Brisbane Experience

Key words: adverse impacts of climate change, urban planning and design Purpose In the last decade, the ramifications of climate change have already left a scar on some of the urban regions round the world. The Australian continent has been regarded as one of the most affected regions in terms of climate change implications. The 2011 Queensland floods of historic proportions, which came after a decade of extreme drought, raised many questions about the future development of cities. In recent decades, Queensland's economy has been largely based on property led development. The flood plain land situated along the Brisbane River has been developed and overburdened with building infrastructure, contributing to the magnification of the flood events. This paper will discuss the responses from the urban planning, and design professions in Brisbane to the impacts of climate change and the implications of the 2011 Flood Design/Methodology/Approach The research methodology is based on identification of the problem and the major objective. In order to address the objective this study concentrated mainly on the use of qualitative research methods. The major qualitative research methods include literature review, qualitative analysis, and observations. Brisbane, the capital of the Australian state of Queensland, has been selected as the case study area. Findings The study revealed strong regional and city-wide planning directives addressing climate change which has not yet been fully been translated at the local-neighbourhood level. Originality This paper provides a deep insight analysis and evaluation of the design and planning measures currently used to combat the impacts of climate change Note: You can cite this paper as follows: Marek Kozlowski , Yusnani Mohd Yusof , (2016) "The role of urban planning and design in responding to climate change: the

Climate Change and Cities: Urban Planning and Urban Design

Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network , 2018

Evidence-based strategies in this publication demonstrate how integrating climate science, natural systems, compact urban form and functions configure dynamic, desirable and healthy communities. The scholarship contends that confronting the challenges of a rapidly urbanizing world threatened by climate change requires expanding on the traditional influence and capabilities of urban planning and urban design. The chapter bridges science and urban design practice through a suite of climate change urban form and function strategies in response to climate mitigation and adaptation. These include (a) reducing waste heat and greenhouse gas emissions through energy efficiency, transit access and walkability; (b) modifying form and layout of buildings and urban districts; (c) use of heat-resistant construction materials and reflective surface coatings; and (d) increasing vegetative cover. The confluence of research and operational application in this scholarship is providing a blueprint for how to convincingly configure sustainable and climate-resilient urban districts. Illustrative diagrams of these strategies and design processes are core elements within the chapter. Coordinating Lead Author: Jeffrey Raven

Climate change adaptation: Strategic planning and urban design practice

Remapping urban heat islands atlases in regenerative cities, 2022

The United Nations (UN) has proposed two actions against climate change between 2015 and 2021: "combat" in Goal 13 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and "adaptation" in the 26th UN Climate Change Conference (the Conference of the Parties COP 26). This chapter aims to highlight pathways and actions for addressing and adapting to climate change at higher strategic levels and urban planning and design at the local level. In 32 authoritative texts, the snowball technique and content analysis were used to discover the interactions between people, nature, and climate change adaptation. The findings revealed that lower-level adaptation methods, such as urban design techniques, were ineffective in responding to people's actions in public areas. In terms of SDGs and COP 26, epistemological awareness of normative variables crucial to the relationship between people and nature in public spaces adds significantly to this endeavor.

Climate change and the city: Building capacity for urban adaptation

The significant shifts in climate variables projected for the 21st century, coupled with the observed impacts of ongoing extreme weather and climate events, ensures that adaptation to climate change is set to remain a pressing issue for urban areas over the coming decades. This volume of Progress in Planning seeks to contribute to the widening debate about how the transformation of cities to respond to the changing climate is being understood, managed and achieved. We focus particularly on spatial planning, and building the capacity of this key mechanism for responding to the adaptation imperative in urban areas. The core focus is the outcomes of a collaborative research project, EcoCities, undertaken at the University of Manchester’s School of Environment and Development. EcoCities drew upon inter-disciplinary research on climate science, environmental planning and urban design working within a socio-technical framework to investigate climate change hazards, vulnerabilities and adaptation responses in the conurbation of Greater Manchester, UK. Emerging transferable learning with potential relevance for adaptation planning in other cities and urban areas is drawn out to inform this rapidly emerging international agenda. Approaches to build adaptive capacity challenge traditional approaches to environmental and spatial planning, and the role of researchers in this process, raising questions over whether appropriate governance structures are in place to develop effective responses. The cross-cutting nature of the adaptation agenda exposes the silo based approaches that drive many organisations. The development of a collaborative, sociotechnical agenda is vital if we are to meet the climate change adaptation challenge in cities.

Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Urban Planning: Case Studies

Journal of Applied Bioanalysis , 2024

Global climate change presents deep and complex impacts to world cities requiring effective adaptation measures to be incorporated into the urban planning systems. As part of this study, five global cities namely New York City in North America, Cape Town in Africa, Tokyo in Asia, Sydney in Australia, and Oslo in Europe are explored to understand the best practices in climate change adaptation. All the case studies demonstrate specific strategies that are relevant to the climate challenges of a particular region, including sea-level rise, water shortage, natural catastrophes, wildfires, and flash floods. These include green infrastructure, WSUD, disaster preparedness plans, and community engagement programs. The insights thus point to the need for context-sensitive approaches that combine technology, policy, and community engagement to enhance urban resilience. These findings are valuable for policymakers and urban planners to identify ways to build climate-change-resilient cities in the context of emerging environmental concerns and global climate change.

Climate Change Impacts on Urban Planning in the Cities

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017

Climate change presents a significant challenge for urban systems worldwide. Its effects will likely intensify over the coming decades. Whilst humanity may be able to take collective action to limit the intensity of these effects, scientific evidence indicates that some are already happening and will continue to occur, irrespective of any ongoing mitigation. Climate change impacts such as increased rainfall intensity, storm surges, and flooding and urban heat island effects are likely to affect many urban systems worldwide. These will impact severely on urban systems and the populations and services they support. Adaptation will almost certainly be required to cope with these effects. In this regard, it is positive to note that urban planning has the potential to become a key factor in developing and implementing adaptive responses in urban systems. A advantage of urban planning is the universality of the profession and the tools available to it. Tools such as plan-making, stakeholder engagement, development management and design standards are available to and used by urban planning regimes worldwide. These are important for developing and delivering urban adaptation across a variety of scales.

Conceptualizing Urban Adaptation to Climate Change

Review of Environment Energy and Economics Re3, 2012

Urban areas have particular sensitivities to climate change, and therefore adaptation to a warming planet represents a challenging new issue for urban policy makers in both the developed and developing world. Further to climate mitigation strategies implemented in various cities over the past 20 years, more recent efforts of urban management have also included actions taken to adapt to increasing temperatures, sea level and extreme events. Through the examination and comparison of seven cities, this paper identifies the various levels of administrative adaptation planning, the tools and information used in making policy choices, and the roles of governance and finance in urban adaptation to climate change. Lessons learned from these seven cases are presented to better inform the next generation of cities adapting to climate change.

Planningfor Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas

The Adaptive Challenge of Climate Change

This article aims to gain insight into the governance capacity of cities to adapt to climate change through urban green planning, which we will refer to as climate-greening. The use of green space is considered a no-regrets adaptation strategy, since it not only absorbs rainfall and moderates temperature, but simultaneously can contribute to the sustainable development of urban areas. However, green space competes with other socioeconomic interests that also require space. Urban planning can mediate among competing demands for land use, and, as such, is potentially useful for the governance of adaptation. Through an in-depth case study of three frontrunners in adaptation planning (London, Rotterdam, and Toronto), the governance capacity for climate-greening urban areas is analysed and compared. The framework we have developed utilizes five sub-capacities: legal, managerial, political, resource, and learning. The overall conclusion from the case studies is that the legal and political subcapacities are the strongest. The resource and learning sub-capacities are relatively weak, but offer considerable growth potential. The managerial sub-capacity is constrained by compartmentalization and institutional fragmentation, two key barriers to governance capacity. These are effectively blocking the mainstreaming of adaptation in urban planning. The biggest opportunities to enhance governance capacity lie in the integration of adaptation considerations into urban-planning processes, the establishment of links between adaptation and mitigation policies, investment in training programmes for staff and stakeholders in adaptation planning, and providing infrastructure for learning processes. * The authors would like to thank the journal's anonymous referees for their valuable comments, the respondents for their valuable input, and Clare Barnes for the English-language check. The authors may be contacted at Environmental Governance,

Planning for climate change in urban areas: from theory to practice

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013

Climate change poses a serious threat to sustainable urban development, placing many cities at risk. Consequently, city authorities face the challenge of finding ways to include adaptation strategies into their work, although related knowledge and competence is still scarce and fragmented. With the aim of contributing to knowledge development and organizational learning, the objective of this paper is to critically review and compare current theoretical and practical approaches to adaptation planning in cities. First the conceptual characteristics and features of a climate-resilient city are identified. Second, the reciprocal linkages between climate-related disasters, urban form and city planning processes are analysedby taking into account the life cycle of disasters from causes, to short-and long-term impacts, and post-disaster response and recovery. Finally, urban adaptation measures proposed for both developed and so-called developing countries are assessed. On the basis of the differences, gaps and synergies identified between theoretical and practical approaches to adaptation planning, the implications for improving sustainable urban transformation are discussed.