Eine spätbyzantinische Ölpresse im Apollonheiligtum von Didyma (original) (raw)
Related papers
wbg Academic; 388 p.; 155 fig. (13 col.)., 2020
The exploration of Didyma began during the Renaissance, since then many travellers have arrived to visit and examine the ruin of the world’s largest temple dedicated to Apollo. The excavations continue to this very day and have brought to light more buildings within the last number of years; for example the theatre and the temple of Artemis. Ulf Weber collaborated on the research of the sanctuary of Apollo for many years. Now, for the first time he presents all of the most distinguished and important scholars reaching Didyma since the fifteenth century. During the writing process several new discoveries of the history of research were yielded and even some additional material on the sanctuary of Apollo itself. Various unpublished drawings and photos are included. The history of research is presented chronologically in which the buildings, history and religion of Didyma are deeply embedded. In doing so, the author describes the current state of research of the German excavations. Many, partly amusing, episodes of those travellers and scientists involved bring this significant piece of culture and research history to life.
Der Altar des Apollon von Didyma
Istanbuler Mitteilungen des DAI, 2015
In front of the east facade of the Temple of Apollo at Didyma, no altar has ever been found that corresponds to the monumental Hellenistic building in terms of size, quality and dating. Textual and pictorial sources provide evidence of a sacrificial altar that consisted of blood and ashes. Moreover, the sanctuary’s topography as well as Greek sacrificial practice attest that the altar of Apollo can only have stood in the forecourt east of the temple. There, in the first excavations, a circular structure was discovered and was interpreted as an edifice enclosing the blood-and-ash altar. Just a short time later, doubts were voiced about this interpretation, and they partly persist to this day; hence the question of the altar at Didyma has apparently remained unanswered. Analysis of all the sources reveals, however, that the late Archaic circular structure accommodated a blood-and-ash altar presumably until the end of antiquity. Consequently an early form of altar was retained at Didyma throughout antiquity, and no direct parallel can be found for it anywhere else. The antiquated altar, completely unsuited to the immense Hellenistic building, in the end probably served to enhance the credibility of the oracle of Apollo.
Ein zweiter hellenistischer Naiskos im Apollonheiligtum von Didyma? (Kurzfassung)
Koldewey-Gesellschaft, Bericht über die 48. TAGUNG FÜR AUS GRABUNGSWISSENSCHAFT UND BAUFORSCHUNG vom 28. Mai bis 1. Juni 2014 in Erfurt, 2015
Fragments of a second small Hellenistic temple discovered in Didyma years ago have been reinvestigated and testify the existence of a replication of the well known Hellenistic Naiskos inside Apollo’s great temple. Construction drawings at the West wall of the Sekos correspond with these fragments and falsify the common opinion the well known Naiskos for Apollon was designed here. Since the West wall was finished not before 250 BC this was a striking fact for the dating of the Naiskos which can be reconsidered now.
Nichts als Schrott? Nahöstliche Panzerschuppen aus dem Apollon- Heiligtum in Didyma
2016
Die zahlreichen Eisenfunde aus den griechischen Heiligtümern, der primären Quelle zur materiellen Kultur des archaischen Griechenlands, erfuhren bislang nur wenig Beachtung, denn ihr häufig schlechter Erhaltungszustand ermöglichte es nur selten, sie kunsthistorisch anzusprechen. Erst die jüngsten Aufarbeitungen der Fundkomplexe aus Olympia zeigten ihre Aussagekraft. In diesem Kontext ist auch die geplante Vorlage der Eisenfunde aus dem Apollon-Heiligtum von Didyma zu verstehen. Unter ihnen verdienen 20 spezifische Plättchen rechteckigen Formates erhöhte Aufmerk-samkeit – sie wurden allesamt als Panzerschuppen neuassyrischen Typus identifiziert. Ihr ursprüng-lich funktionaler sowie statuskennzeichnender Charakter, als eine für assyrische, schwerbewaffnete Eliteneinheiten bestimmte Panzerung, ist jedoch nicht mit dem Fundkontext als Weihung innerhalb eines ionischen kultischen Bezirks in Einklang zu bringen. Im Folgenden wird daher versucht, mit-hilfe des Ansatzes der Objektbiographien die einzelnen, chronologisch versetzten Deutungsebenen dieser Gegenstände zu dekonstruieren und gleichzeitig die damit verbundenen sozio-kulturellen Räume zu konzeptualisieren.
Didyma, Türkei. Antike Bauabläufe am Apollontempel. Die Arbeiten der Jahre 2021 und 2022
e-Forschungsberichte des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, 2023-1, 2023
Die Baustelle des hellenistisch-römischen Apollontempels von Didyma bestand mit Unterbrechungen über 4. Jahrhunderte, ohne dass das monumentale Bauwerk vollendet worden wäre. Mit Abbruch aller Arbeiten blieben einzelne Bauabschnitte des Tempels in ganz unterschiedlichen Zuständen der Fertigstellung liegen, weshalb es heute möglich ist, anhand der verschieden fortgeschrittenen Ausarbeitung von Bauteilen auf Werkprozesse der antiken Baustelle rückzuschließen und Bauabläufe zu rekonstruieren. Zusätzlich sind wichtige Inschriften überliefert, die für einzelne Jahre den Bauprozess am Tempel dokumentieren. Das aktuelle Projekt NEUEDITION DER BAUINSCHRIFTEN VON DIDYMA geht daher über die Zusammenarbeit von Epigraphik und Bauforschung offenen Fragestellungen zu den Bauabläufen am hellenistischen Tempelneubau nach. Der anschließende Vorbericht soll erste Erkenntnisse zu den antiken Bauabläufen aus Perspektive der Bauforschung darstellen. The construction site of the ancient Temple of Apollo in Didyma existed for four centuries, with interruptions, without the monumental structure being completed. Therefore, the preserved architectural structure contains blocks from different phases of construction when work was halted, giving us insights into the diverse building processes of an ancient construction site. Furthermore, important inscriptions have survived, which document the construction process of the temple for individual years. The current project NEUEDITION DER BAUINSCHRIFTEN VON DIDYMA, based on cooperation of epigraphists and building researchers, is therefore investigating unresolved questions about the ancient construction site and the construction processes of the Hellenistic temple.
e-Forschungsberichte des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 2, 2019, 138–146, 2019
Herodotus (6.19) reports that after the conquest of Miletus in 494 B.C. by the Persian king Darius “the temple at Didyma with its shrine and place of divination was plundered and burnt.” This literary source, the temple was »burnt«, in this instance meaning »destroyed«, is questioned by the archaeological evidence. Though, there are some architectural fragments of the archaic Apollo temple (›temple II‹) discoloured by fire or actually burnt, which undoubtedly testify to a fire, just a small portion of, e. g., column drums show these traces amounting to approximately 30 %. Obviously at a later post-Archaic time, the architecture of the just damaged archaic temple was systematically shattered. Since hundreds of well preserved archaic architectural fragments were found shattered and ›buried‹ in the shafts of the foundations of the Hellenistic temple (›temple III‹), this systematic dissambly could not have taken place earlier than in the Late Classical or Early Hellenistic period, when the construction of the successor was started and the archaic temple was step-by-step dismantled. At Didyma can be recognized a differentiated, mainly economically motivated handling with the architectural fragments of the archaic Apollo temple. But the reason for the ›recycling‹ of the fragments of its large altar was not an economic, but more probably a historical-commemorative and sacral one, because the significant altar cyma was reused on the temple terrace wall and exhibited on an altar-like high base at the former site of the archaic altar probably badly damaged by the Persians. This ›monument‹ referred pars pro toto back to the most important sacred building of the archaic sanctuary.