Creation of Animals in Sumerian Mythology (original) (raw)
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Animals and their Relation to Gods, Humans and Things in the Ancient World, 2019
Mit der Krise des Nationalstaates am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts und der Erfahrung einer zusehends vernetzten und globalisierten Welt gewinnt auch eine neue Perspektive in den Geschichtswissenschaften an Bedeutung. Dieser neue Blick auf die Vergangenheit macht den Weg frei für eine innovative und interdisziplinäre Annäherung an das Phänomen einer vernetzten Weltgeschichte, in der Europa nicht mehr das Zentrum der Welt darstellt, von dem aus "Historie" vermessen wird. Dieser universale Blick auf die Geschichte soll durch die neue Reihe befördert werden. Die Reihe umfasst alle Weltregionen und alle Epochen der Menschheitsgeschichte. Sie will vergleichende und auf dem neuesten Stand der Forschung gewonnene Einblicke in das Laboratorium der Weltgeschichte gewähren und befördern. Die Reihe versteht sich als eine peer-reviewed series, die sowohl für Monographien wie für Sammelbände offen ist.
G. P. Putnam's Sons - New York+ London 27 West 23RD Street + 24 Bedford Streets , Strand The Knickerbocker Press, 1897
This rare book covers almost every part of Ancient History especially Ethno-religion and Anthropology, Archaeology and presents an expansive exploration of human development and civilization, tracing the origins, migration patterns, and cultural evolutions of various races and ethnic groups across different regions and historical epochs. The book is organized into four main parts, each addressing the evolution of distinct racial groups: the Black, Yellow, Hamitic, and Semitic peoples. It opens with an analysis of primeval man, discussing theories on the origin of humanity, such as immediate creation, degradation, and development models. The text integrates anthropological, archaeological, and philological perspectives, examining the evidence left behind by ancient peoples in the form of artifacts, monuments, and written records. Through this lens, Boughton provides detailed accounts of early human societies, their governance structures, religious practices, mythologies, and the eventual rise of civilizations. Notably, the work covers the contributions of key civilizations like the Egyptians, Sumerians, Hittites, and Phoenicians, while also investigating the less studied cultures such as the Black races of prehistoric Europe, the Hamites of Africa, and the Yellow races of Asia. By combining historical narratives with illustrations and maps, Boughton seeks to offer a comprehensive and visual representation of ancient peoples’ lives, cultures, and legacies, contributing to the scholarly discourse on human history and the interconnectedness of ancient societies. This volume underscores the significance of archaeology in reconstructing history and affirms the cultural and intellectual achievements of diverse ancient peoples, ultimately arguing for the shared unity of the human species despite racial and cultural differences. Part I: Primeval Man • Chapter 1: Origin of Man This chapter explores different theories on the origin of humankind, discussing the religious, philosophical, and scientific perspectives. Boughton evaluates the immediate creation theory, degradation theory (the idea that humanity began in an advanced state and declined), and the development theory, likely referencing early evolutionary ideas. • Chapter 2: Earliest Habitations and Tools Boughton examines the archaeological evidence of the earliest human settlements and the tools they used. He focuses on the discovery of stone tools, weapons, and the remains of primitive dwellings, illustrating the progression of human ingenuity and survival techniques. • Chapter 3: Development of Society and Governance This chapter covers the evolution of societal structures, from hunter-gatherer communities to more complex governance systems. The rise of early forms of leadership, law, and the organization of social hierarchies are discussed, providing a foundation for understanding the transition to civilization. Part II: The Black Races • Chapter 4: The Earliest Black Races This chapter introduces the early Black races and their contributions to human history. Boughton likely discusses the prehistoric African societies and their migrations into Europe, offering insights into their customs, religious practices, and technological developments. • Chapter 5: African Civilizations Boughton investigates the more advanced civilizations of Africa, with a focus on Egypt and Nubia. The chapter details the achievements of these peoples in architecture, art, religion, and governance, highlighting their importance in world history. • Chapter 6: The Role of the Black Races in Early Europe This chapter examines the influence of Black races in prehistoric Europe. Boughton may cover the early presence of African peoples in European regions and their potential contributions to European cultures and societies. Part III: The Yellow Races • Chapter 7: Origins and Migrations of the Yellow Races Boughton turns to Asia, exploring the origins of the so-called Yellow races, their early migration patterns, and how they spread across East Asia. The chapter likely includes discussions on early Chinese and Mongolic peoples, as well as other important East Asian cultures. • Chapter 8: Early Civilizations of the Yellow Races This chapter explores the earliest civilizations of Asia, focusing on China and other influential cultures such as Japan, Korea, and Central Asian tribes. The emphasis is on their technological innovations, agricultural systems, and governance structures. • Chapter 9: Religious and Cultural Contributions The chapter explores the religious systems and philosophical teachings that originated in Asia, such as Confucianism, Taoism, and early Buddhism. It details how these belief systems shaped Asian civilizations and impacted other parts of the ancient world. Part IV: The Hamitic Peoples • Chapter 10: The Hamites of Africa Boughton delves into the ancient Hamitic peoples, including those who inhabited North Africa, particularly the Berbers and Egyptians. Their migrations, interactions with other ethnic groups, and contributions to ancient Egyptian civilization are key themes. • Chapter 11: The Hamitic Contributions to Egyptian Civilization This chapter focuses specifically on the role of Hamitic peoples in building the powerful Egyptian civilization. It details their contributions in governance, religion, art, and science, solidifying their place in ancient history. • Chapter 12: The Decline of the Hamitic Peoples Boughton explores the eventual decline of the Hamitic peoples, detailing how other ethnic groups, such as the Semites and Indo-Europeans, overtook their dominance in the regions they once controlled. Part V: The Semitic Peoples • Chapter 13: Origins of the Semitic Peoples This chapter traces the origins of the Semitic peoples, including their migration patterns and early societies. The chapter covers key groups like the Akkadians, Assyrians, and Phoenicians, focusing on their development and influence in the ancient Near East. • Chapter 14: The Semitic Influence in the Middle East The chapter highlights the major cultural, political, and technological achievements of Semitic peoples, emphasizing their role in the formation of powerful empires and religious traditions. A discussion on the rise of Assyria and Babylon is likely included. • Chapter 15: Religious and Literary Contributions of the Semitic Peoples Boughton explores the foundational religious texts and literary works produced by the Semitic peoples, focusing on the early Hebrew Bible, the Epic of Gilgamesh, and other key documents. The chapter examines how these texts shaped both ancient and modern civilizations. Part VI: General Reflections on Human Civilization • Chapter 16: The Interconnectedness of Ancient Peoples This chapter offers a reflection on the interconnected nature of ancient peoples. Boughton discusses the exchanges between different races and civilizations through trade, migration, and warfare, emphasizing the shared contributions to global history. • Chapter 17: The Role of Religion and Mythology The chapter delves into the central role that religion and mythology played in shaping ancient societies. Boughton connects the religious practices of various ancient peoples, drawing comparisons between their myths, rituals, and societal functions. • Chapter 18: The Legacy of Ancient Peoples In this final chapter, Boughton reflects on the enduring legacies of ancient peoples in terms of their cultural, intellectual, and technological contributions to modern civilization. He discusses how their advances laid the groundwork for contemporary society, art, and thought. Tags related to the book- Ancient civilizations, Sumerian society, Egyptian dynasties, Mesopotamian contributions, early writing systems, cuneiform, hieroglyphics, city-states, empires, social structures, class divisions, gender roles, daily life in ancient times, trade networks, agriculture advancements, science and technology, demonology, ancient alchemy, cultural exchanges, migration patterns, effects of warfare, oral traditions, historical records, history and mythology, notable figures, pharaohs, kings, philosophers, geographical influence, rivers, mountains, climates, political systems, monarchies, democracies, religious practices, rituals, ancient wisdom, knowledge preservation, historical texts, pseudepigrapha, sacred writings, mythological figures, Prometheus, modern thought, bibliographies, footnotes, ancient art, archaeology, anthropology, cultural identity, rituals of worship, burial practices, sacred geography, ancient languages, linguistic evolution, mythology origins, ancient law codes, Hammurabi’s Code, Mesopotamian myths, Egyptian mythology, cultural diffusion, historical interpretations, folklore, legends, ancient architecture, monumental structures, ziggurats, pyramids, ancient engineering, technological innovations, metallurgy, agriculture techniques, irrigation systems, ancient trade routes, Mediterranean trade, Silk Road, cultural heritage, religious texts, spiritual beliefs, ancient philosophies, ethical systems, education in ancient societies, scribes, ancient education systems, learning centers, Library of Alexandria, ancient literature, epics, historical narratives, ancient poetry, storytelling traditions, cosmology, mythology and science, ancient medicine, healing practices, shamanism, natural remedies, ancient diets, food preservation, daily sustenance, ancient festivals, seasonal celebrations, rites of passage, cultural symbols, artifacts, preservation of history, archaeological discoveries, excavation techniques, ancient burial sites, mummification practices, tombs, relics, ancient trade goods, economic systems, taxation, social stratification, slavery, freedom, citizenship, rights of citizens, ancient law, justice systems, trial practices, historical documentation, historiography, ancient historians, influential texts, ancient philosophy schools, Stoicism, Epicureanism, Plato, Aristotle, ancient demo...
LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS, YORK STREET, COYENT GARDEN. , 1884
From the Pharaohs of Egypt to the Prophets of Christianity: A Comprehensive Historical Survey of Ancient Egypt, Asia, India, China, and the Evolution of Religious Thought" CONTENTS - Inroduction. Various methods of treating History: Original, Reflective, and Philosophical. I. Original History: Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Caesar, Guicciardini, p. 1-4. II. Reflective History: (1) General or Universal History: Livy, Diodorus Siculus, Johannes von Müller. (2) Pragmatic History. (3) Critical History—the German method of modern times. (4) The History of special departments of life and thought—of Art, Law, and Religion, 4-8. III. Philosophical History: Reason, the Infinite material and the Infinite Formative Power of the Universe, 8-12.—Anaxagoras’s dictum that nous or Reason governs the world, 12-17.—The Destiny or Final Cause of the World. History, the Development of Spirit, or the Realization of its Idea, 17- (1) The abstract characteristics of the Nature of Spirit—Spirit as the antithesis of Matter—Self-Contained Existence, whose essential characteristic is Freedom, 18—Successive stages in the appreciation of the inalienable Freedom of the Human Spirit: The Oriental World knows only that One is Free; the Greeks and Romans recognize Some as free. The German Nations, under the influence of Christianity, have attained the knowledge that All are Free, 19. The Final Cause of the World is the realization of its own freedom by Spirit, 20. (2) The means by which this consciousness is developed—human activity originally stimulated by desires and passions, but in which higher principles are implicit, resulting in the State, 21. In the State, these universal principles are harmonized with subjective and particular aims, and the passions of individuals result in the restraints of law and political order, 22-30.—Great Men, the founders of political organizations in which this Harmony is realized, 30. Standard by which Great Men are to be judged, 31, 32. Heroes and Valets, 33. The cunning of Reason, 34. Claims of religion and morality absolute, 35. Ideals, under what conditions realized, 36, 37. The true Ideal, that of Reason, always tending to realize itself, 38. (3) The object to be attained by the processes of History—the union of the Subjective with the Objective Will in the State, 40. Idea of the State—its abstract basis referred to the Philosophy of Jurisprudence or Right, 41. Erroneous views confuted—Man is not free in a merely natural condition, 42. The Patriarchal principle is not the only legitimate basis of government, 43. It is only a transitional one, 44. The consent of all the members of the community is not necessary for a legitimate government, 45. Question of the best Constitution, 46. The Constitution of a country is not the result of deliberate choice, but of the genius of a people, 47 . Successive phases of government. Elective Monarchy,Aristocracy,Democracy,and Constitutional Royalty,48.Political idiosyncrasies,49.Connection of Religion,Art,and Philosophy with the State,51-56.The course of the World's History,56.Natural and Spiritual Development contrasted,57.History exhibits the gradations in the consciousness of Freedom,58,59.Fiction of a Golden Age.Frederick Von Schlegel’s theory.Researches in Oriental literature stimulated by this fallacious view,60,61.Conditions essential to History—Intimate relation between legal and political Organizations and the rise of Historical literature,62,63.Contrast between India and China in this respect,64.Ante-Historical period—the growth of Peoples and of Languages,65.Dialectical nature of the Idea,66.Empirical objections,67.Reason and Understanding,68.Distinctions in National Genius,in Poetry,Philosophy,&c.,ignored,69-74.Prima facie aspect of History—Mutability of Human Things— Metempsychosis—The Phoenix,75,76.Activity characteristic of Spirit—Nations are what their deeds are,illustrated in the case of England—Culmination,Decline and Fall of Nations,77,78.Chronos and Zeus,79.Spirit expands beyond the limits of each successive nationality and annuls it,80.SummaryGeographical Basis of History.Influence of Nature on Historical Development—Should not be rated too high nor too low,83.The Temperate Zone the true theatre of History,84.Division of the World into Old and New—Physical immaturity of Australia—South Americans physically and psychically inferior,84,85.Modern Emigration and its Mediaeval analogies,86.South and North America—Catholicism and Protestantism,87.Puritan colonization and industrial tendencies in their bearing on the character of the United States—Multiplication of Religious Sects—Necessity of consolidated political organization not felt in North America,89.Relation of the United States to neighbouring countries different from that of European nations—America as the echo of the Past or the Land of the Future,has little interest for the Philosophy of History, 90.The Old World; its ancient limitations.The Mediterranean Sea,the centre of World-History,91.Special Geographical distinctions:(1) The Uplands—Mongolia,the Deserts of Arabia,&c.,92.(2) The Valley Plains—China,India,Babylonia,Egypt.In such regions great Kingdoms have originated,93.(3) The coast land—Influence of the Sea,94.Classification of the three portions of the Old World according to the predominant physical features.—Africa.(1) Africa Proper,(2) European Africa- the coast-land on the North,(3) the Valley Land of the Nile,connected with Asia,95,96.African type of character,97.Sorcery and Fetish-worship,98.Worship of the Dead—Contempt for Humanity—Tyranny and Cannibalism,99.Slavery,100.Political condition of Africans,101.Frenzy in war,102.The merely Natural condition which African character exhibits is one of absolute injustice—Africa dismissed from further consideration as lying only on the threshold of History,103.Asia.Siberia eliminated as out of the pale of History.(1) Central Upland of..Asia.(2) Vast Valley-Plains of China,India,the lands of the Tigris and Euphrates,&c.(3) The intermixture of these physical features in Hither or Anterior Asia—Syria,Asia Minor,&c.,104,105.Europe.Physical features less marked than those of Africa and Asia.(1) Southern Europe—Greece,Italy,South Eastern France,&c.(2) The heart of Europe—France,Germany,and England.(3) The North Eastern States—Poland,Russia,the Slavonic Kingdoms,106,107.Classification of Historic Data.The course of History symbolized by that of Light,109.Begins with the East—Gradual development of the consciousness of Freedom,110.Oriental Empires,111.Invasion of Tartar hordes—Prosaic Empire of China,India,&c.—Persian Empire of Light—Transition to Greece,112.Greece,the Kingdom of Beautiful Freedom—the Youth,as Rome is the Manhood of History,113.Claims of Personality formally recognized—Crushing influence of Rome on individual and national genius,114.Christianity and the German World—Mahometanism,115.The Church—Its Corruption—The Ideal of Reason realized in Secular life—The emancipation of Spirit,116.Part I.The Oriental World.Principle of the Oriental World,the Substantial,the Prescriptive in Morality—Government only the prerogative of compulsion,116,117.With China and the Mongols—the realm of theocratic despotism—History begins.—India,118.Persia—the symbol of whose empire is Light,119.Syria and Judea.Egypt—the transition to Greece,120.Section 1.China.Substantiality of the principle on which the Chinese Empire is based,121.Antiquity of Chinese traditions and records—Canonical books,122.Population—Complete political organization,123.Fohi,the reputed founder of Chinese civilization—Successive dynasties and capital cities,124.Shi-hoang-ti—His Great Wall,and Book-burning.Tartars;Manchu dynasty,125.Spirit of the political and social life of China—The principle of the Family that of the Chinese State,126.Relative duties strictly enforced by law,127.Merits of Sons 'imputed' to their Fathers—"Hall of Ancestors,"128.The Emperor is the Patriarch—the supreme authority in matters of religion and science as well as government—His will,however,controlled by ancient maxims—Education of Princes,129.Administration of the Empire,130.Learned and Military Mandarins—Examinations for official posts—The Romance,Jn-Kiao-li,131.The Censors—Instances of their upright discharge of duty,132.The Emperor the active soul of the Empire,133.Jurisprudence—Subjects regarded as in a state of nonage—Chastisements chiefly corporal—corrective,not retributive,134.Severe punishment of the contravention of relative duties—No distinction between malice prepense and accidental injury: a cause of dispute between the English and Chinese,135.Revenge...occasion of suicide—Serfdom,136.Great immorality of the Chinese—The Religion of Fo, which regards God as Pure Nothing,137.Religious side of Chinese polity—Relation of the Emperor to Religion—Controversy in the Catholic Church respecting the Chinese name of God,138.Geni—Bonzes,139.Chinese Science,140.Written distinguished from Spoken Language—Leibnitz’s opinion on the advantage of the separation,141.Obstacles presented by this system to the advance of Knowledge—Chinese History, Jurisprudence, Ethics and Philosophy,142.Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy—Acquaintance with the Art of Printing,143.Chinese painting, working of metals,&c.—Summary of Chinese character,144.Section II. India.India the region of phantasy and sensibility, contrasted with China,145.India presents us with Spirit in a state of Dream—Analogy to certain phases of female beauty,146.Indian Pantheism, that of Imagination not of Thought—Deification of finite existence,147.Extensive relations of India to the History of the World—Sanskrit,148.India the Land of Desire to Conquerors: Alexander—Conquests of the English—Topographical divisions,149,150.Political life—Castes,&c.151-154.Brahm; the Brahmins; the Yogis,155.Religious suicide,156.Brahmins are by birth, present deities,157.Observances binding on Brahmins,158.Brahminical dignity and prerogatives,159.Diffic...
This book promises nothing less than to revolutionize our understanding of human history. Maybe more than a revolution, however, it is a revival of the quest for political alternatives that greatly concerned earlier generations of anthropologists but significantly lost thrust in recent decades. In this vein, the book revitalizes a once constitutive interest in the Other as a potential source of dissidence against taken-for-granted pillars of our political constitution and social life. The loss of interest in the Other as an inspiration for socio-political otherness occurred in at least temporal correlation with the rise of neoliberal dogma and, even if somewhat paradoxically, reinforced its core mantra: there is no alternative. This book is full of alternatives, and maybe it is no coincidence that its protagonist is a Native American called Kandiaronk-and thus a member of the community that inspired the visions of the hippie generation. In their book, the archaeologist David Wengrow and the late anthropologist David Graeber are mainly concerned with alternative endings and twists to dominant narrations of human history. Popular elements of such narrations are agriculture and its presumed consequence in generating social hierarchies, the city as a hotbed of 'social complexity' to be tamed by means of bureaucracy, and the state as an inevitable outcome of agriculture and city life. The authors refute these popular assumptions with numerous examples from ancient history and relatively recent 'egalitarian' societies. With regard to agriculture, the authors convincingly show that not only did its practice not necessarily lead to sedentary life forms, but that it was sometimes abandoned altogether by societies that returned to more mobile forms of economy-all this in a context in which agriculture was often just one economic activity among others, and often not even the most articulate one. This leads the authors to conclude that classic classifications of societies along lines of 'hunter-gatherers', 'horticulturalists', 'pastoral nomads' etc. are anything but useful, because most societies are most of these for most of the time-often varying with the seasons. This prompts the authors to another highly important conclusion, namely that seasonality allows for political experimentation. This conclusion is developed in accordance with Marcel Mauss (1979 [1904-5]), who had already observed at the beginning of the twentieth century that the circumpolar Inuits had two political structures-a hierarchical one during the hunting season in summer, and a relatively egalitarian one
HARTFORD: BELKNAP AND HAMERSLEY, 1839
This super rare book by rev. Royal Robbins(1839) has Full volumes all in this book with each Volume having its own Contents in the first few pages of each Volume.... This 731 page book is very old and was written before allot of the Akkadian/Babylon findings in the Euphratic 2 River Valleys in the later years so forgive this author and always use "recent Scholarly papers and prominent scientists to researchers of our times and compare and just accept theses authors didn't have the luxury of how knowledge is spread today- Also don't be surprised if the Author uses a new Earth time ! The dates in the book are a whole lot different than our outlines in modern times hence this again is a word of caution and always research more into these topics with what you deem trustworthy in our age but don't fault the author bc the book(pub. In 1839!) still has tons to offers! This book was hard to locate(when I found it a few months back) and a known goal is to bring the Old treasures to light! If Your believer then always Trust in the Lord God AKA Yahweh and he will send the holy spirt to guide you on your Journeys into the The son of Yahweh the Messiah Yeshuah the Christos aka Jesus Christ always and amen and Godspeed! And On to the Volumes This comprehensive historical work covers not only the well-known civilizations of the ancient world, such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome, but also delves into the histories of more obscure regions and peoples. It explores the early development of Assyria, Phoenicia, Lydia, and Carthage, offering insight into their unique contributions to military, religious, and cultural practices. Royal Robbins also examines lesser-known civilizations like the Medes and Lydians, and includes extensive accounts of the histories of China and the Canaanites, offering readers a rare glimpse into ancient societies often overlooked in modern history texts. Additionally, it provides a deep dive into the early Hebrews and their interaction with neighboring cultures, highlighting the complex geopolitical landscape of the ancient Near East VOLUME 1 - The Introduction outlines the benefits to be expected from the study of history, the sources of historical knowledge, and a general division of history into ten distinct periods. Period I begins with the Antediluvian World, covering the history before the Great Flood, and includes an account of the distinguished characters from that era. Period II covers the events following the Deluge, with a focus on the history of Assyria and China, as well as biographical notices of prominent figures from these regions. This period also explores the history of the Hebrews, the Canaanites, Greece, and Egypt, with China and Egypt continuing from earlier accounts. Distinguished characters from these civilizations are also highlighted. In Period III, the narrative shifts to the history of the Israelites and continues with the Canaanites and Phoenicians. The history of Greece and Egypt is further developed, alongside accounts of Lydia and Italy. Distinguished characters from these cultures are included, providing a personal dimension to the broader historical narrative. Period IV continues the history of the Israelites and Greece, with a new focus on Macedon. The histories of Assyria, Egypt, and the Phoenicians are continued, along with an introduction to the history of Carthage. The developments in Italy are also extended from the previous period. As before, distinguished characters from these regions are featured. Finally, Period V delves into the rise of the Romans, alongside the ongoing history of Greece, the Israelites, and the Jews. This period includes the histories of Nineveh, Babylon, the Medes, Persia, and the Lydians, with Egypt's history continuing from previous periods. The lives and accomplishments of prominent figures from these civilizations are once again examined, offering a comprehensive view of the important historical figures who shaped the world. VOLUME 2 - pages 1-412 The Introduction opens with general remarks about the structure and scope of the book, followed by a general division of history into ten periods. Period I begins with the History of the Roman Empire, touching on the regions of Judea, Parthia, Persia, and China. This section highlights the political and cultural significance of each of these regions. Distinguished characters of the time are also discussed, providing insight into the notable figures who shaped these civilizations. In Period II, the History of the Roman Empire continues, along with a detailed exploration of Persia and China. The accomplishments and key events of these regions are expanded upon, along with a continuation of the distinguished characters who influenced the course of history. Period III focuses on the continued development of the Roman Empire and the emergence of the Kingdom of Italy. The histories of Persia, China, Spain, France, and England are covered in this section, each with their own set of distinguished characters who left a lasting legacy in politics, culture, and military affairs. Period IV shifts focus to the rise of the Arabs or Saracens and the Eastern or Greek Empire, while continuing the history of the Kingdom of Italy and the ongoing narratives of Spain and France. This period also features notable figures who played significant roles in the development of these regions. In Period V, attention turns to the History of the New Western Empire, with continued discussions on France, Italy, Spain, Germany, England, the Eastern Empire, China, and the Saracens. The period emphasizes the dynamic interplay between these regions and the notable characters who shaped their histories. Period VI covers the Crusades, which had a profound impact on both Eastern and Western civilizations. This section continues with the histories of France, England, Germany, the Eastern Empire, the Saracens, and China, highlighting the significant developments in each region and the individuals who drove these changes. In Period VII, the book delves into the History of the Turkish Empire and continues the histories of the Italian States, France, England, Germany, and China. This section also discusses the significant achievements of these regions, along with the lives of distinguished characters from various nations. Period VIII focuses again on the Turkish Empire, with additional emphasis on the Italian States, France, England, Germany, Spain, Holland, and America. Distinguished characters continue to be a key feature of this period, as the book outlines the influence of individuals in shaping the political and cultural landscapes of these nations. Period IX provides a comprehensive overview of France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, the Turkish Empire, and the British Colonies in North America. The section also includes narratives on Russia and Sweden, detailing the historical significance of these regions and their notable figures. Finally, Period X covers the histories of Sweden, Prussia, Germany, Poland, Russia, England, France, the Italian States, Spain, the Netherlands, the Turkish Empire, China, Persia, India, the United States, and South America. Distinguished characters from each region are presented, offering a look into the individuals who played a crucial role in shaping the modern world. The General Views section discusses various overarching themes, such as the Feudal System, Chivalry, Romances, and Pilgrimages. It also delves into the manners and character of the Gothic or Scandinavian nations, as well as the development of Learning and the Arts. Further discussions are provided on Discoveries and Inventions, Incidents and Curious Particulars, and the present state of several nations in areas like Agriculture, Roads, Conveyances, Intercourse, Education, Trade, and Manufactures. Volume 3 -28 pages of more in depth questions (the first part is standard knowledge the next are on everything from relics to Monuments to coins to other arcane Questionss -(to state it simply bc I'm out of room on Academias limited room on abstracts! QUESTIONS ON OUTLINES OF MODERN HISTORY. BY REV. ROYAL ROBBINS. (To SEE? Scroll down on to he last Part of Book ) Tags : but not limited to - I. Ancient History, II. Modern History, III. Biography, IV. Geography, V. Politics, VI. Religion, VII. Military History, VIII. Naval Affairs, IX. Arts and Literature, X. Customs and Society, XI. Biblical History, XII. Near Eastern Studies, XIII. Egyptian History, XIV. Greek History, XV. Chinese Dynasties, XVI. Roman Empire, XVII. Canaanites, XVIII. Assyrian Empire, XIX. Phoenician Trade, XX. Hebrew Scriptures, XXI. Historical Figures, XXII. Cultural Exchange, XXIII. Early Civilizations, XXIV. Social Structure, XXV. Historical Events, XXVI. Ethnography, XXVII. Ancient Warfare, XXVIII. Oral Traditions, XXIX. Ancient Rituals, XXX. Historical Narratives, XXXI. Philosophical Thought, XXXII. Political Philosophy, XXXIII. Economic Systems, XXXIV. Religious Practices, XXXV. Ancient Literature, XXXVI. Civilizational Progress, XXXVII. Historical Geography, XXXVIII. Technological Innovations, XXXIX. Cultural Heritage, XL. Genealogies, XLI. Cultural Identity, XLII. Comparative History, XLIII. Historical Reflection, XLIV. Historical Context, XLV. Transition of Power, XLVI. Political Alliances, XLVII. Trade Routes, XLVIII. Historical Critique, XLIX. Historical Documentation, L. Political Dynamics, LI. Cultural Syncretism, LII. Societal Evolution, LIII. Historical Insights, LIV. Ancient Beliefs, LV. Influence of Geography, LVI. Cultural Symbols, LVII. Cultural Heritage Preservation, LVIII. Artistic Movements, LIX. Maritime History, LX. Genealogical Studies, LXI. Political Structures, LXII. Legacy of Empires, LXIII. Cross-Cultural Interactions, LXIV. Antiquities, LXV. Historical Patterns, LXVI. Historical Analysis, LXVII. Social Movements, LXVIII. Historical Reappraisal, LXIX. Societal Change, LXX. Legacy of Traditions, LXXI. Ancient System...
THE MATTER OF PREHISTORY: PAPERS IN HONOR
Modes of Production Revisited, 2020
Encouraged by Antonio Gilman, archaeology has witnessed a partial return to materialist theories based on Modes of Production. Modes should never be thought of as a new typology; rather they are models that define political processes ground- ed in material conditions that result in contrasting social formations. These Modes can then be used to compare cases across prehistory and history
2006
This dissertation undertakes to construct a new multiparadigm approach to the study of world history. Eschewing the imposition of abstract definitions, it accepts three existing world historical methodologies -the civilizationist, the ecumenicist and the world-systemist -as given, because a reflexive historico-sociological analysis of the concepts which lie at the center of each of these methodologies reveals that all three derive from entirely distinct and incommensurate types of world-historical collectives.
London: Luzac & Co. (with new Publisher) - The new Alexandria Library of Texas , 1929
This exhaustive groundbreaking exploration into the origins of early civilizations, positing that the Sumerians are the lost early Aryans whose cultural and linguistic heritage significantly influenced various ancient societies. The book delves into the historical connections between the Sumerians and other civilizations, including the Egyptians, Greeks, Phoenicians, and early Britons. Waddell systematically examines the racial and linguistic affinities of the Sumerians, tracing their civilization, language, writing, and religion back to Aryan roots. He argues that significant ancient groups, such as the Trojans and the Etruscans, share this Sumerian heritage, suggesting a web of cultural exchange and influence that shaped the development of Western civilization. Through detailed analysis of ancient texts, dynastic lists, and archaeological findings, Waddell reveals the synchronisms between Mesopotamian and Egyptian chronologies, identifying key figures like Sargon of Akkad and Menes as pivotal to the historical narrative. His research highlights the interconnectivity of ancient kingdoms and the migratory patterns of Indo-Aryans, framing their civilizations as essential to understanding the evolution of global history. The work concludes with a thorough examination of the legacies of these civilizations, urging a reevaluation of historical timelines and the contributions of the Sumerians and their descendants to the fabric of human progress. Contents (see book for 100s of subjects and description of each chapter inside the book - below are each chapters themes and what they cover etc INTRODUCTORY—My Previous Historical Discoveries Leading Up to the Present Ones: • The lost Early Aryans are the “Sumerians.” • Present ignorance of the racial and linguistic affinities of the Sumerians. • Aryan race of the Sumerians discovered. • The name “Sumerian.” • The name Aryan. • Sumerian origin of the Briton, Anglo-Saxon, Cymric, Irish Scots, Scandinavians, early Germans, and Goths, and of their civilization, language, writing, and religion. • Ancient Greeks, Etruscans and their civilization, language, writing, and religion of Sumerian origin. • Trojans, Ionians, and Cretans and their civilization, language, writing, and religion of Sumerian origin. • “Hittites” and Amorites and their civilization, language, writing, and religion of Sumerian or Aryan origin. • Hitto-Sumerian origin of Greek art with reference to Bacchus and his representation. • Phoenicians and their civilization, language, writing, and religion of Sumerian or Aryan origin. • First “Phoenician” dynasty in Persian Gulf about 3100 B.C. of Aryan origin. • The “Phoenicians” as Barats or “Britons” and their sea-tutelary as Britannia. • Title “Phoenician” seldom used by the Phoenicians themselves. • Indo-Aryans and ancient Medes and Persians and their civilization, language, writing, and religion of Sumerian origin. • Egyptian civilization, predynastic and dynastic, and its authors of Aryan and Sumerian origin. • A synchronism between ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia discovered, fixing the date of Menes and the First Dynasty of Egypt, c. 3100 B.C. INDIAN OFFICIAL KING-LISTS AND CHRONICLES OF THE EARLY ARYANS DISCOVERED AS UNIQUE HISTORICAL KEYS TO NAMES OF THE SUMERIAN KINGS CONTINUOUSLY BACK TO THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION AND THEIR DATE: • Discovering Sumerian origin of the lists and their date, the unknown pre-Indian homeland of the Indo-Aryans, their migration to India and its causation and date, and date of the Great War of the B’harats for the Partition of India c. 650 B.C. SUMERIAN DYNASTIC LISTS IN KISH CHRONICLE OF c. 2650 B.C. FROM FIRST SUMERIAN DYNASTY c. 3380 B.C. TO GUTI OR GOTHIC INVASION: • Discovering date of First Sumerian Dynasty at about 3378 B.C. and the great gap in the Kish Chronicle. COMPARISON OF KISH CHRONICLE AND INDIAN LISTS OF THE EARLY ARYAN KINGS DISCLOSES THEIR IDENTITY AND SITE OF FIRST SUMERIAN CAPITAL IN CAPPADOCIA: • Discovering also the advent of the Sumerians into Mesopotamia and its date about 3335 B.C., overlapping of first and second dynasties of Kish Chronicle, identity of First Sumerian King with Indra, Thor, or King Ar-Thur or St. George, with date and location of First Capital in Cappadocia c. 3378 B.C. UPU'S STONE-BOWL (OR “HOLY GRAIL”) CONTEMPORARY GENEALOGY OF FIRST SUMERIAN DYNASTY IN AGREEMENT WITH INDIAN LISTS, KISH CHRONICLE AND NORPIC EPICS: • Disclosing original “Holy Grail” of King Ar-Thur, the magic “Cauldron” of Thor and the oldest known historical inscription in the world. THE GREAT GAP IN THE SECOND DYNASTY OF KISH CHRONICLE OF 430 YEARS 3180-2750 B.C. WITH 27 KINGS IS FILLED BY INDIAN KING LISTS: • Disclosing King B’arat, Uruash’s Dynasty with his five sons and “Mesannipadda” and other pre-Sargonic Kings, including Sargon’s father, in their due chronology for the first time, and the “Garden of Edin” paradise in the Indus Valley, founded by King Uruash, and Sargon I discovered as First historical Predynastic Pharaoh of Egypt and his son as Menes, the founder of the First Dynasty of Egypt. THE ISIN CHRONICLES OF ABOUT 2070 B.C. AND THE FALSITY OF THEIR “DYNASTIES” AND CHRONOLOGY PREFIXED TO THE FIRST DYNASTY OF THE KISH CHRONICLE: • Disclosing the falsity of all the current Assyriologists’ “history” and chronology of the Sumerians and of Mesopotamia based upon the prefixed “dynasties” of the Isin Chronicles. ARCHAIC SUMERIAN KING-LIST OF ABOUT 3180 B.C. DISCOVERED MISPLACED IN ISIN CHRONICLE CONFIRMING KISH CHRONICLE, INDIAN AND EPIC KING LISTS: • Disclosing Odin-Thor of Nordics as First Sumerian King, King B’arat amongst the “Antediluvians” and the Sumerian or Aryan origin of the “Antediluvian” Kings of Berosus. TWO FURTHER OLD SUMERIAN KING-LISTS DISCOVERED OF ABOUT 2700 AND 2600 B.C. MISPLACED IN ISIN CHRONICLE CONTAINING MISSING KINGS OF THE GREAT GAP AND CONFIRMING KISH CHRONICLE & INDIAN KING LISTS OF EARLY ARYANS FROM RISE OF CIVILIZATION: • Disclosing the Gaur or “St. George” title of First Sumerian King Odin or Thor, the Mukla or “St. Michael,” Tasia, Kan, Gan or “Gawain” titles of his son. Historical originals of Adam, Cain, Enoch, Noah, and Japheth as Aryan Kings with fixed dates and contemporary monuments. THE TWO OLD SUMERIAN KING-LISTS MISPLACED IN ISIN CHRONICLE PRESERVE THE MISSING 27 KINGS OF THE GREAT GAP OF 430 YEARS IN KISH CHRONICLE IN COMPLETE AGREEMENT WITH INDIAN OFFICIAL LISTS: • Disclosing further information regarding King B’arat and his son Gautama, Uruash’s Dynasty of Sea-empire and colonization of the Indus Valley by his son Madgal, and King Tarsi of Kish or Su-Dasa and his battle against the ten confederate kings. REMAINING KINGS OF THE GREAT GAP FROM UR DYNASTY, INCLUDING DRUPADA AND SARGON’S FATHER AS KING OF KISH IN OLD SUMERIAN KING LISTS IN COMPLETE AGREEMENT WITH INDIAN OFFICIAL ARYAN LISTS: • Disclosing the real date of “Mesannippadda” of Ur and his Dynasty at about 2900 B.C. SARGON’S FATHER DISCOVERED AS HEREDITARY SUMERIAN OR ARYAN KING OF KISH AND HIS DETHRONEMENT BY ZAGGISI—COMPLETING THE RECOVERY OF ALL THE KINGS OF THE GREAT GAP AND ESTABLISHING AUTHENTICITY OF THE FIRST DYNASTY OF KISH CHRONICLE AS FIRST DYNASTY OF THE SUMERIANS, AND IDENTITY OF THE SUMERIANS WITH THE EARLY ARYANS: SARGON THE GREAT DISCOVERED AS HEREDITARY ARYAN KING OF KISH WITH HIS LOST PREHISTORY AND “WORLD MONARCHY”: • Disclosing his Aryan race, unknown royal ancestry, posthumous birth, training by Priest Aurva, recovery of father’s kingdom and extension to world empire, including Britain, Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Syria, Mesopotamia, Persia, Indus Valley, and Egypt. SARGON WITH HIS FATHER AND GRANDFATHER DISCOVERED AS “PREDYNASTIC” PHARAOHS OF EGYPT AND HIS SON MANIS-TUSU AS “MENES,” THE FOUNDER OF THE FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT AND AT A DATE NO EARLIER THAN ABOUT 2100 B.C.: • Disclosing the unknown ancestry of Menes, the Aryan origin of Egyptian civilization and hieroglyphic writing and Sargon’s tomb in Egypt. MENES, FOUNDER OF THE FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT AS MANIS-TUSU, SON OF SARGON; HIS UNKNOWN ANTECEDENTS AND SEIZURE OF EGYPT FROM HIS FATHER (?), c. 2704 B.C.: MENES’ FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT IDENTICAL WITH MANIS-TUSU’S DYNASTY IN MESOPOTAMIA AND IN INDIAN LISTS FROM NARMAR ONWARDS: MENES’ FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT IDENTICAL WITH MANIS-TUSU’S DYNASTY OF MESOPOTAMIA AND WITH INDIAN LISTS FROM THIRD KING TO END OF DYNASTY AND THEIR WORLD EMPIRE: • Disruption of Sargon’s “world-empire,” with the rise of independent Egypt under MENES’ FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT IDENTICAL WITH MANIS-TUSU’S DYNASTY IN MESOPOTAMIA AND IN INDIAN LISTS FROM NARMAR ONWARDS: • Showing the interconnection between Mesopotamian and Egyptian dynasties, providing insights into the shared cultural and political histories. MENES’ FIRST DYNASTY OF EGYPT IDENTICAL WITH MANIS-TUSU’S DYNASTY OF MESOPOTAMIA AND WITH INDIAN LISTS FROM THE THIRD KING TO THE END OF DYNASTY AND THEIR WORLD EMPIRE: • Analysis of the broader implications of shared dynasties on the historical narrative of the ancient world, emphasizing the connections between civilizations. DISRUPTION OF SARGON’S “WORLD-EMPIRE” WITH THE RISE OF INDEPENDENT EGYPT UNDER MENES AND HIS SUCCESORS: • Examining how the establishment of Egyptian independence affected Sumerian influence and control over surrounding regions. THE FOUNDER OF ANCIENT BRITAIN DISCOVERED TO BE MANIS-TUSU’S DESCENDANT; THE TRANSFER OF THE ARYAN SOVEREIGNTY OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN TO GREECE AND THE “PHOENICIANS” AND THEIR SEA TRADE: • Investigating the lineage and the cultural exchanges between ancient Britain and the Mediterranean civilizations. CONCLUDING REMARKS ON THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS AND THEIR LEGACY: • Reflecting on the lasting impacts of early civilizations on modern cultures, languages, and historical interpretations. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES: • Comprehensive listing of references used throughout the text, providing avenues for further research. Tags in relation to the book - S...