F.M. CIFARELLI, D. NONNIS, “Il laterizio nel Lazio repubblicano (fine III sec. a.C. – inizi I sec. a.C.): fra prosopografia della produzione e contesti di impiego”, in J. BONETTO, E. BUKOWIEKY, R. VOLPE (a cura di), Alle origini del laterizio romano, (Atti Padova 2016), Roma 2019, pp. 441-456 (original) (raw)
Alle origini del laterizio romano Nascita e diffusione del mattone cotto nel Mediterraneo tra IV e I secolo a.C. ATTI DEL II CONVEGNO INTERNAZIONALE "LATERIZIO" PADOVA, 26-28 APRILE 2016 a cura di JACOPO BONETTO EVELYNE BUKOWIECKI RITA VOLPE Con la collaborazione scientifica di La Collana Costruire nel mondo antico raccoglie monografie, miscellanee e atti di convegni che costituiscono l'esito di ricerche sull'architettura e sull'edilizia nel Mediterraneo e nell'Europa antichi. Nella collana è prevista la pubblicazione di volumi dedicati a singoli edifici e complessi architettonici, di opere di sintesi sui modi del costruire in uso in centri urbani o in regioni del mondo antico e di contributi che affrontano gli aspetti più tecnici del costruito antico (approvvigionamento e produzione dei materiali da costruzione, tecniche edilizie, pratiche di cantiere, processi costruttivi). L'obiettivo della serie di opere tematiche è riunire e valorizzare gli studi sull'edilizia quale strumento chiave per la comprensione della storia delle comunità antiche nelle sue dinamiche economiche, produttive, sociali, tecnologiche, culturali, territoriali. INDICE GENERALE
Modi d’uso e sistemi di messa in opera del laterizio in Italia settentrionale in età repubblicana
Alle origini del laterizio romano. Nascita e diffusione del mattone cotto nel Mediterraneo tra IV e I secolo a.C., Atti del Convegno Internazionale di studio (Padova, 26-28 aprile 2016), 2019
As evidenced by the most recent archaeological excavations, in Northern Italy in the Republican age bricks widely spread at a very early stage both in public and private buildings. This paper aims at analysing the currently known bricks’ evidences found in the region and realized between the end of the 3rd and the 1st century BC, by focusing on their contexts and ways of use, in order to understand why this building material was so much appreciated by Northern-Italy builders. To better clarify this phaenomenon, the way in which bricks were used in Northern Italy will be compared with that of other regions, with the final goal of finding out the inspiring models of Northern-Italy builders for developing the building techniques which spread throughout the region in the Republican age.
in J. Bonetto, E. Bukowiecki, R. Volpe (eds.), Alle origini del laterizio romano. Nascita e diffusione del mattone cotto nel Mediterraneo tra IV e I secolo a.C. Atti del II Convegno Internazionale "Laterizio" (Padova, 26-28 aprile 2016), Roma, pp. 531-537, 2019
This paper aims at a quick re-examination of brick use contexts within the northeastern slopes of the Palatine Hill excavation, in Rome. The investigations carried out by La Sapienza since 1986 have allowed to reconstruct the topographic layouts of the area before the great fire of 64 CE, with a dense road network that separates – between the Orientalizing and Julio-claudian periods – neighborhoods with houses and sanctuaries. The presence of fragmentary red and augitic impasto tiles will characterize the assemblages connected to the 7th – 5th c. BCE dumps. Only in the middle of the fourth c. BCE the augitic impasto tiles are used within the channels that cross the area. In the first decades of the second century, it is possible to witness the transition from the Archaic and early/ middle Republican augitic impasto to the regular brick impasto that will characterize the next phase of production, until the end of Antiquity and beyond. As for the use of brick in the wall curtains, the earliest examples date back to the Augustan age and include the use of tiles without the raised edges. However, the structures built up to the age of Caligula still bear witness to the minority use of this technique, since for the most important structures the opus reticulatum is still used. The use of bricks will become exclusive only from the Claudian age, when the opus testaceum technique will be used systematically in the reconstructions following a devastating fire documented in the area.
2017
Lo studio dei processi di produzione e consumo dei laterizi in età medievale e postmedievale evidenzia il ruolo centrale assunto da questo materiale nello sviluppo urbanistico di Siena. L’introduzione del mattone nell’edilizia urbana si data alla seconda metà-fine del XII secolo, il suo impiego si allarga nel Duecento fino a diventare predominante ad inizio Trecento. Le analisi metrologiche condotte sui mattoni impiegati nelle architetture tra la fine del XII e gli inizi del XIX secolo hanno permesso di verificare e implementare la curva mensiocronologica della città. Nel quadro di un’analisi delle dinamiche delle variazioni e del loro significato, le indagini hanno inoltre evidenziato la corrispondenza tra l’aumento dimensionale dei laterizi a Siena e l’incremento dell’attività edilizia, soprattutto nei decenni compresi tra la metà del Duecento e gli anni ‘30 del Trecento.
Abstract. This contribution examines building materials destined for public construction sites in Corinth, specifically the red clay productions designed for roofing. The focus is placed primarily on brick stamps, that is, the stamps imprinted before firing that indicate ownership, destination or the public or private purchaser of the product. The study of the stamps on Corinthian opus doliare is approached diachronically: from its first usage in workshops in the Hellenistic period, to its maximum diffusion in the early Imperial period, following the refoundation of the Roman colony, until the termination of the practice at the threshold of Late Antiquity. An overview of public and private attestations is presented, relatable to individuals involved by state authority in production, sales and distribution. An epigraphic and prosopographic analysis of the stamps and the ceramic fabric, and an interpretation of the stamps in relation to their context of discovery follows. Finally, two fundamental contexts within the Roman Forum are examined: the South Stoa and the Odeion. The construction phases of these buildings are distinguishable and can be reconstructed from the brick stamps recovered during the excavations conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day.
Alle origini del laterizio romano Nascita e diffusione del mattone cotto nel Mediterraneo tra IV e I secolo a.C. ATTI DEL II CONVEGNO INTERNAZIONALE “LATERIZIO” PADOVA, 26-28 APRILE 2016, 2019
In the Greek-Roman city of Kale Akte - Calacte (Caronia, Sicily) the typical large brick was probably introduced around the middle of the III century BC. as a result of influences from the Strait of Messina area, and became a characteristic element of the Hellenistic building. The bricks were produced locally and the reason for their wide use was due both to the local shortage of good construction stones, and to the cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing processes, thanks to the large availability of raw materials (clay quarries, water resources, timber to power the kilns). The intensive use of the bricks, of various shapes (rectangular, square, circular) and of considerable thickness (8-9 cm.), continued with unchanged features until the late antiquity and did not encourage the introduction of the smaller traditional Roman bricks, sporadically used in Calacte