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International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 3/4, 2013
Although the human-made environment is actively present, the limits of its relation to the broader social evolutionmay not be clear. In this article I shall attempt to describe some aspects of the dynamics of the human-madeheritage of objects, as it has been formed by the changes in the way we perceive of material evidence in modern society. My aim is to pinpoint some critical aspects that highlight the expansion of the ‘cultural state’ and the change in our beliefs concerning the role of human intervention in the management of the past. I argue that today a critical examination of the technological civilization requires an interdisciplinary approach based on theinterpretation of the social dimension of human-made heritage of objects.
Technical is symbolic: towards an archaeology of speaking beings
2021
Technical engagement with the world is structured like a language. It is a language, a system of differences between operations. Things, objects, artefacts made through a chain of operations are encrusted with that language and recognised as such within a discourse. This, on the one hand, makes the archaeology of speaking beings possible; on the other hand, it decenters humans; it shifts the agency away from the individual persons to transindividual discourse inscribed in things.
Historia del diseño, las técnicas y la tecnología
2021
This edition focuses on the histories of design, techniques, and technology.1 The scholarly work that links them has generated a growing number of research and publications, revealing the diversity and richness offered by this interdisciplinary intersection. This issue gathers an entanglement of the historical, cultural, and technical conditions of objects, images, and infrastructures, integrating diverse perspectives from design, as well as from the history of technology, engineering, STS (science and technology studies), material culture studies, and gender studies. In many cases, these perspectives are overlapped and combined loosely and unorthodoxly by analyses of and through design. The relationship between the history of design, techniques, and technology can contribute to the promotion of new perspectives on technical objects and infrastructures that consider, for example, the dimension of use, experience, and meaning involved in the various phases of the life cycle of the product. In turn, focus on the notions of use entails a situated view for the articulation of the analysis of local strategies and intentions that allow us to overcome the creation of narratives that are distant from the socio-technical and territorial linkages that contextualize and define their action. As David Edgerton (Edgerton, 2007) points out, this option enables an interesting historiographic perspective based on the use of technical objects and products, which leads to rethinking the conception of which have been the most transcendent technical solutions concerning the experiences and meanings for the people and populations who use them. Consequently, with this new approach, "we shift attention from the new to the old, the big to the small, the spectacular to the mundane, the masculine to the feminine, the rich to the poor" (Edgerton, 2007, p. 15). Thus, it is important to broaden the views regarding technical activity and production, dismantle some myths about the utopia of its unlimited benefits, its neutrality, its universality, and the transfer of hegemonic and foreign models without dimensioning social, economic, and cultural differences.
Skills and tools: A philosophical perspective on technology
Culture should be seen as the first nature of human beings. However, the rich diversity of cultural objects present within the life world of humans presupposes the all-embracing role of tools en technology. What appears to be unique and distinctive in human tool-making is the innovation to use tools in the production of other tools. Simpson even discerns in this ability a defining trait: humans are " the only living animal that uses tools to make tools. " Against this background attention is given to prominent scholars and their views on technology and its development. It starts with the philosophy of Descartes and Hobbes and proceeds by considering the views of Dijksterhuis, von Bertalanffy, Heidegger, Weber, Habermas and Ellul – with special attention given to the rise of machine technology. The Enlightenment ideal of progress is related to an over-estimation of technology present in what Schuurman calls technicism, which ought to be understood in terms of the dialectic between nature and freedom in modern philosophy. The technocrats assume universal cultural laws while the revolutionary utopians accept an open future for human freedom. In the final part of the article an assessment is given of some implications entailed in the preceding analysis. It is noted that technology is not " applied science " and that technology and tools should be understood in term of both subject-subject relations and subject-object relations. Since subjects and objects are determined and delimited by applicable cultural norms and principles attention is also given to such principles, intimately connected to an account of the mening of technology. In conclusion it is pointed out that the nature of technology and the all-pervasive use of tools confirm the opening remark regarding culture as the first nature of human beings. Sometimes culture is seen as the second nature of human beings, whereas in fact it should be appreciated as the first nature of humankind. This remark is confirmed by the fact that the general history of human civilizations is assessed in terms of the artefacts they produced. However such artefacts could not have been produced without the development of multiple tools. And with the advent of tool-making technology irrevocably entered the scene. The life-world of humankind is unthinkable without the presence of a cultural environment, including cultural objects such as clothes, cutlery, furniture, houses, roads and so on. Just contemplate the diversity of cultural designs evinced in functionally differentiated cultural objects: analytical artefacts (test tubes) lingual artefacts (books), social artefacts (homes),
The production of knowledge, the technology and the culture: a brief analysis of their relationships
Luiz Augusto Hayne, 2023
The production of knowledge, the technology and the culture, despite being phenomena that differ from each other are part of the same context and are involved in the process of human evolution. The objective of this article is to present a brief analysis that shows how these fields related to the evolution of society are linked. It started from the statement that the trajectories aimed at the development of these fields keep an interconnection that together are connected with the evolution of human being which can be explained by the birth of Society and the development that it has been experiencing.
A Comparative Philosophical Study on Modern and Traditional Technologies
IJMTST, 2020
By a review on the history of science, philosophy and art from the ancient times to the modern world, human beings always preserved their connection with intellectus and metaphysics before modern history (tradition period)and they looked at the existence as the nature of the creature of God. The human of tradition periodthrough the connection tointellectus as well as the help of reasonuses the technology that is in line with the laws of nature and in the service of human. This connection gradually fadeduntil this connection, due to many pressures that the church brought to the people, reached its lowest extent or even disappeared in the middle ages (in West) or even sooner. Human of modern history, only by the help of reason, began to develop and build in the universe.Therefore, the thought of executive technology is influenced by the philosophy of modernism and is formed based on the reason and Rationalism. The present research will examine and analyze in order to consider thecomparative and philosophical activities of modern and traditional technologies by focusing on philosophical and infrastructure issues.The analytical-comparative method and library tools are used in the present study.
The Three States of Technology : an Historical Approach to a Thought Regime, 16th-20th century
New Elements of Technology, 2012
This book picks up the question of a science named “techno-logy”, a science of technique allowing us to conceive its foundations, forms and issues. Its title harks back to Jacob Bigelow’s Elements of Technology (1829), a collection of lectures given at Harvard. Bigelow supports an articulation between science and technique in which science focuses on technical applications and in which techniques (‘useful arts’) feed on scientific advances. We have inherited such a definition of technique which is seen as a neutral, mechanical and transparent application of science and thus masked by it. It is precisely this paradigm which we intend to question in this book by sketching the outlines of a technology and of a science of technique. We think we can develop a scientific knowledge of technique without limiting the latter to a mere application of science. We are sure that the instauration of a “techno-logy” can contribute to redesigning the type of education given in engineering universities, placing at its core a true science of technique encompassing design, creativity, innovation and also the critical exercise of a conception of technique. Several French researchers from different disciplines have been invited to contribute to this book which is for us the beginning of a dialogue with our English-speaking academic counterparts and a manner of contributing to the distribution of works illustrating a French tradition of reflection on technology.