Status of anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in organized sheep and goat farms (original) (raw)
Related papers
Status of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Rajasthan*
The Indian journal of animal sciences
A study was conducted to assess the status of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (predominantly Haemonchus contortus) of sheep maintained at organized farms and farmer's field in Rajasthan through in-vivo faecal egg count reduction test and in-vitro egg hatch assay. The magnitude of reduction in the faecal egg counts by fenbendazole (@ 5.0 mg kg-1 body weight) revealed emergence of benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus of sheep from all the farm and field flocks except in field flocks from northeastern Rajasthan where 66.7% flocks possessed benzimidazoleresistant H. contortus. With tetramisole (@ 15 mg kg-1 body weight) resistance in H. contortus was observed in farm flock of northeastern region whereas among field flocks it ranged from 33.33% (north region) to 83.33% (eastern region). On egg hatch assay, strains of worms were found susceptible to benzimidazole in farm flocks of northern region while in field flocks prevalence of benzimidazole resistance strongyle worms was 100% in eastern and northern region and 83.33% in northeastern region. A high agreement (86.4%) with poor linear correlation (r = 0.087) was observed between results of both faecal egg count reduction test and egg hatch assay for benzimidazole resistance.
Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2013
One of the major problems in small ruminant farms is emergence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) to commonly used dewormers. This study investigated AR to gastrointestinal nematodes affecting goats in 27 unorganized farms in three different agro-climatic zones (Cauvery delta zone, high altitude zone and high rainfall zone) of Tamil Nadu, India. Two anthelmintics viz., albendazole (AZ) and levamisole (LEV) were used in this study as per the dose recommended by the manufacturer. Status of AR was detected by using the faecal egg count reduction test. Results revealed the presence of high level of resistance to both AZ and LEV. In the high rainfall and high altitude zones, all the farm flocks were found to be resistant to LEV. In the Cauvery delta zone, 13 farm flocks were resistant and four farm flocks showed suspect resistance to AZ. Fifteen farm flocks showed resistance and two showed suspect resistance to LEV. Further, morphological characterization of the infective larvae derived from faecal cultures indicated that by far the most predominant gastrointestinal nematode species found in goats was Haemonchus contortus.
2019
The widespread prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections has an important impact on livestock affecting of meat, milk, traction and manure in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The present study was aimed to monitor the efficacy of commonly available anthelmintic drugs at publicly owned sheep farms. The sheep naturally infected with nematodes were selected, aged between 10 to 18 months, for field efficacy trial. Selected sheep were divided into five groups (15 animals each group) based on their equal egg per gram (EPG) and body weight. Group-I served as control (untreated), while Group-II was treated with albendazole at the recommended rate of 8.8 mL/100 kg of body weight by oral drench, Group-III was treated with levamisole at the rate of 4.4 mL per 100 kg body weight, Group-IV was treated with ivermectin, 200 μg of ivermectin per kilogram of body weight and Group-V was treated with mixture of levamisole and ivermectin at the rate of 10 mg/kg by injecting subcutaneous,...
Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries
Correction: Table 1 and Table 2 have were omitted from the PDF in error. They were added to page 89 on 17th May 2018.Anthelmintic resistance (AR) to commonly used dewormers is one of the major world-wide constrain in livestock production. The present study was investigated the status of AR in BAU dairy farm, Mymensingh and Talukder dairy farm, Sirajganj. Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was applied to assess AR in cattle of two dairy farms during January to June 2017. The anthelmintics tested were Albendazole (ABZ), a benzimidazole anthelmintic (Almex®, Square Ltd.) and Ivermectin (IVM) (Vermic®, Techno drugs Ltd.), administered at the doses recommended by the manufacturers. In each farm, cattle were divided into treatment and control (not treated) group based on faecal egg counts (FEC), that is at least 200 eggs/g. At 14 days after treatment, faecal samples were collected for post-treatment FEC, which is compared between treatment and control group. Resistance was defined if...
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2018
Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infections are one of the most prevalent and important issue upsetting the livestock worldwide. The principal mode of control of GI nematodes is based on anthelmintics because it is simple, cheap and offers both therapeutic and prophylactic cover against GI helminths. But, due to the emergence of resistant against anthelmintics, the problem has become complicated. The problem of anthelmintic resistance in GI nematodes of ruminants is worldwide in distribution. It has been documented to all classes of anthelmintics and multi-class resistance exists in many domestic animals. The objective of this review article is to provide an overview on the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in India, mechanism and the factors contributing towards anthelmintic resistance, detection methods and to outline some strategies that may be used in parasite control programmers.
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research
Prevalence and anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes in 430 sheep investigate by faecal examination was conducted in Qushtapa, Khabat, Benslawa, Salahaddin subdistricts in Erbil, from April to July 2012. The mean eggs per gram (EPG) count determined by using modified McMaster technique, showed that (40.46%) of the sheep were infested, the higher infection was 17.2% Nematodirus spp., 13.02% Strongylus spp., 4.18% Marshaligia spp., 2.79% Trichurus spp. and 3.25% with coccidia. Four farms were selected randomly each divided to control and three treatment groups: Levamisol, Albendazole and Ivermectin groups. Anthelmintic efficacy was measured after treatment dates were investigated with faecal egg count reduction test, the FECRT percentage for Levamisol in sheep ranged from 80.3 to 94.7 which show most effective in Khabat with FECRT of 94.7% while with Albendazole ranged from 75.5% to 80.2%, suspected resistant in all group, but the injectable Ivermectin in sheep ranged from 85.2 to 94.8 and show effective in Bnaslawa and Salahaddin with FECR of 94.6% and 94.8% respectively.
The Indian journal of animal sciences
The base line information on management of sheep flocks with greater emphasis on worm control practices was collected from sheep farmers of Rajasthan. The status of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes against commonly available anthelmintics (benzimidazole, tetramisole and closantel) was determined through faecal egg count reduction test, and results were correlated with flock-management practices. Information obtained from this study indicates lack of knowledge about worm-control strategies, anthelmintic use and the problem of anthelmintic resistance among the majority of sheep farms. There is high prevalence of benzimidazole resistance (86.4%) and moderate prevalence of tetramisole resistance (55.7%) with distinct regional variation. The existing drench frequency is not justifiable and there is a high opportunity to harvest the benefits of agro-climatic conditions, grazing resources and practices to save money by avoiding unnecessary en-mass treatments in sheep flocks of Rajasthan. The predominance of Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphe, 1803) and use of all types of anthelmintics revealed that there is a need to educate farmers and extension workers on appropriate anthelmintics to be used in their locality. Animals shared the same pasture sources particularly in monsoon and post-monsoon season, thus to prevent borrowing and probability of emergence of multiple resistance. There is a need to coordinate farmers in all management systems at a community or village level with respect to use of anthelmintic type for a particular year with greater involvement of researchers, pharmaceuticals, field veterinarian and extension workers.
Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 2013
For this study, 60 sheep and 60 goats of both sexes, aged from 6 to 18 months, and with a faecal egg count (FEC) of more than 150 eggs/g of faeces were selected for the test from 5 neighboring kebeles. Both sheep and goats were grouped into four treatment groups: albendazole, tetramisole, ivermectin and control groups. In sheep, the percentage reduction in FECs (95% confidence intervals) for albendazole, tetramisole and ivermectin were 95.0% (86.5 to 98.2%), 97.5% (93.2 to 99.1%) and 96.7% (91.0 to 99.1%), respectively. In goats, the percentage reduction in FECs (95% confidence intervals) for albendazole, tetramisole and ivermectin were 96.6% (88.3 to 99.0%), 97.7% (90.6 to 99.4%) and 97.1% (91.0 to 99.1%), respectively. All the anthelmintics were found to be effective, but resistance to albendazole was suspected. Based on the findings, it was concluded that development of anthelmintic resistance could be prevented by avoiding frequent dosing and under dosing, while strategic deworming should be practiced by both animal health workers and animal owners.
Anthelmintic resistance status of goat gastrointestinal nematodes in Sing Buri Province, Thailand
Veterinary World, 2022
Background and Aim: Promotions of goat farming by both public and private sectors encouraged considerable goat raising in central Thailand. Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infection is a major health and economic problem; however, evidence of resistance to broad-spectrum anthelmintics is frequently reported. Investigation of anthelmintic resistance (AR) status and identification of factors related to the development of AR is important components for sustainable GIN control. However, no information is available on this topic in the study area. The present study aimed to gather information on GIN control practices and to evaluate the effectiveness of albendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole for treating GIN infestation in goat herds in Sing Buri Province. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine herds were randomly selected. Information on management practices was collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Three field experiments for routinely used anthelmintics, including albendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole were conducted from June 2019 to November 2019. Fecal samples were collected pre- and post-treatment and examined for fecal egg count reduction to determine the status of anthelmintic resistance of goat GIN. Results: Several improper practices were identified that lead to AR, especially chronic use of albendazole and ivermectin. All herds were considered resistant to albendazole and ivermectin, and levamisole resistant nematodes were detected in two herds. AR was strongly linked with the continuous use of anthelmintics. Conclusion: Levamisole, which was still effective in the province, should be used with caution to minimize the selection of resistant strains. Farmers should be provided with updated information for sustainable parasite control. Further, the efficacy of anthelmintics should be routinely monitored.
Preliminary Study of Nematode Resistance to Anthelmintic Drugs in Two Goat Farms in Terengganu
Jurnal Teknologi, 2015
Gastrointestinal nematodes considered to be among the factors that could affect the goats’ productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current status of nematode resistance to anthelminthic drugs in two farms (Veterinary Research Academy Jenang, Marang and Hulu Seladang Setiu Farms). The goats were randomly divided into five treatments which include control (A), albendazole oral administration (B), levamisole oral administration (C), ivermectin subcutaneous injection (D) and ivermectin pour on groups (E). After two weeks of the treatment the feces were collected and fecal egg count was examined. The mean of fecal egg count reduction (FECR) obtained was not statistically (p>0.05) different between the treatments, and FECR% was lower than 66% in all of the five treatments (A, B, C, D and E). In conclusion, two farms revealed the resistance of nematode to Albendazole, Levamisole, and Ivermectin anthelmintic drugs. This study suggested that the anthelmintic treatmen...