ON THE UNDERLYING AGENDA AND THE REAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES DRIVING POPULATION CONTROL POLICIES (original) (raw)
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China is one of the most populous nations in the modern century. The rate of population growth in the nation has drawn attention across the globe. China’s developing economic strength is widely credited to its huge population growth. Owing to this, there is a probability that China’s massive economic growth will stay in the limelight for many years in advance. The population increase has caused the country to undergo radical social, economic and political adjustment over the past thirty years. The government of China has intervened to address the social dilemma that has been brought out by the rapid population increase. Since the late 1970s, China’s administration has been enforcing a one child policy to control the existing population growth rate (Greenhalgh 311). The governmental rules and regulation lawfully hinder the number of infants the weeded couples ought to have.
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Asian Journal of Social Science, 2013
China's total fertility rate fell below replacement level in the 1990s. From the 1970s the fertility rate declined dramatically, mainly as a consequence of the national population policy whose aim has been to limit birth numbers, control population growth and boost economic growth. Having achieved such a low fertility rate, how will China's population policy evolve in the future? This paper first reviews the history of China's population policy since 1970 in three stages : 1970-1979; 1980-1999; and after 2000. We explore the impacts of China's population policy, including relief of pressure on China's environment and resources, fertility decline, the unexpectedly high malebiased sex ratio at birth (SRB), the coming shortage of labour force, and the rapid aging of the population, and extinction of racial and cultural diversity. We also investigate ethical issues raised by the implementation of the policy and its results. Finally we introduce the controversy over potential adjustment of the policy, acknowledging the problems faced by western countries with low fertility and the counter-measures they have taken. We offer some suggestions that might be appropriate in the Chinese context.
POPULATION AND POLICY : THE EVOLUTION AND EFFECTS OF CHINA'S ONE-CHILD POLICY
Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, 2022
The term Population pertains to the percentage of the number of inhabitants that live in a geographical area or location. It typically quantifies the size of individuals or animals in specific places. The specifics as regards how many people or animals reside in a given area are often attained through a process called census. A census is when the government, an organized group, or an administrative entity principally adopts effective and transparent models in counting and arriving after the number of people in a region, area, or settlement. This paper will undertake a series of empirical analyses on the concepts of population and policy. Why are they important and how do they impact society? Using China as the springboard of my empirical analysis, I intend to appraise the concepts of policy formation within the framework of its legalistic assessment in the political sense, overall impact on the environment and polity of the state; with the use of political theory as the theoretical framework of my analysis throughout the entirety of this paper. Organically, this study seeks to understand the evolution of China's one-child policy and its overall impact on all spheres of life. The numerous objectives for the exploration include the following; To understand the concepts of population and policy formation, to evaluate the implications of China's one-child policy, to evaluate the consolidation and transition of China's one-child policy, to define the concepts of population theory.
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This paper gives a brief overview of the family planning policy of China which, although being recently relaxed, still controls a large swath of the population. Unofficially known as the "one-child policy", the policy resulted when the social strife of the 1970s coupled with a Malthusian pessimism concerning the capability of the still largely closed and isolated Chinese economy to care for itself. In this paper we overview the motivations for the policy, the unfortunate demographic future that it will create, and some policy choices that can be undertaken today to alleviate these issues. JEL Codes: J11; J13; O21; O53.
Neo-Malthusianism and Coercive Population Control in China and India
Social Science Research Network, 2020
In the 1960s and 1970s, neo‐Malthusian panic about overpopulation overtook eugenics as the primary motivation behind coercive policies aimed at limiting childbearing. Neo‐Malthusian ideas spread among senior technocrats and government leaders in some developing countries, resulting in human rights abuses that Western development professionals encouraged and that Western aid often funded. Those abuses peaked in the form of China’s one‐child policy (1979–2015) and India’s forced sterilizations during its “Emergency” (1975–77), a period in India when civil liberties were suspended and the prime minister ruled by decree. The one‐child policy saw over 300 million Chinese women fitted with intrauterine devices modified to be irremovable without surgery, over 100 million sterilizations, and over 300 million abortions. Many of these procedures were coerced. In a similar vein, India’s Emergency saw 11 million sterilizations, many of them forced. China and, to a far lesser extent, India s...