S. Pudasaini et al.: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of Pelton runner of Khimti Hydro-power Project of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of Pelton runner of Khimti Hydro-power Project of Nepal (original) (raw)
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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of Pelton runner of Khimti Hydro-power Project of Nepal
Nepal, with its diverse topological features and rich water resources, boasts a huge hydro energy potential with ability to generate 42000 MW of electricity. Higher mountains providing higher heads and seasonal variation in flow rates appropriates thechoice of Pelton turbines for hydro power projects in the country. The flat efficiency curve maintained by Pelton turbine on wide operating ranges counters for the seasonal variations seen in the rivers of Nepal. However, the design and manufacturing cost of actual Pelton prototype is very high. Redesigning and optimization process becomes even more costly and time consuming. However, the introduction of numerical tools has changed the design engineer's procedures in the process of new Pelton turbines design. The research was carried out in order to perform CFD analysis of Pelton runner of Khimti Hydropower. The runner was scaled down by meeting IEC 60193 standard. Whole simulation was performed in ANSYS-CFX. The results obtained from simulation showed high pressure in splitter and deep face of the bucket. The torque calculation was further used to calculate the efficiency and analytical validation of the runner.
Inventions, 2022
The difficulty of delivering electrical power to rural areas motivated the researchers to explore more accessible power sources. Hydropower is considered a desirable option due to its sustainability and lower costs. Pelton turbines have been widely used in hydropower plants because of their low installation and maintenance costs. This study provides a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for Pelton turbine performance under various flow conditions. The model is based on the conservation of mass principle, Newton’s second law, and the first law of thermodynamics. It is used to predict the torque produced by a turbine at different rotational speeds. Previously published experimental results for the same turbine geometry and flow parameters were used to validate the model’s predictions. Validation revealed that the model can reproduce the experimental results. This provides the required robustness for its use as a tool for turbine design and modification.
International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2017
This paper addresses the design, modeling, and performance analysis of a Pelton turbine using CFD for one of the selected micro hydro potential sites in Ethiopia to meet the requirements of the energy demands. The site has a net head of 47.5 m and flow rate of 0.14 m 3 /s. The design process starts with the design of initial dimensions for the runner based on different literatures and directed towards the modeling of bucket using CATIA V5. The performance of the runner has been analyzed in ANSYS CFX (CFD) under given loading conditions of the turbine. Consequently, the present study has also the ambition to reduce the size of the runner to have a cost effective runner design. The case study described in this paper provides an example of how the size of turbine can affect the efficiency of the turbine. These were discussed in detail which helps in understanding of the underlying fluid dynamic design problem as an aid for improving the efficiency and lowering the manufacturing cost for future study. The result showed that the model is highly dependent on the size and this was verified and discussed properly using flow visualization of the computed flow field and published result.
Performance of Pelton Turbine for Hydroelectric Generation in Varying Design Parameters
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Water power is a renewable energy source which has great potential in replacing fossil energy for generating electricity. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of vertical distance of water source (water head) and nozzle diameter on the electrical power generated by Pelton turbine. It used Pelton turbine type with 22 buckets (vanes) which employed a PMG 200 watts generator with 1 : 2 pulley transmission system. Four different values of nozzle diameter and three different values of water head were chosen as the design parameters of the turbine. The electrical power was measured in three replications for each combination of the design parameters. The research showed that water head and nozzle diameter significantly affect the power generated by the Pelton turbine. The higher the water head from the surface, the more power generated. It was found that the electric power linearly increases with the increasing of nozzle diameter. However, it reaches the peak in 9 mm nozzle diameter and is getting lower in a larger diameter. The highest electric power of 16.89 watt is observed by adjusting the water head on 4.6 m with 9 mm nozzle diameter. Those design parameters are able can produce a rotation speed at 320 rpm in the generator. By identifying the appropriate parameters, it is possible to have more power generated by the water turbine used for hydroelectric power generation plant.
This paper presents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of Pelton turbine of Khimti Hydropower in Nepal. The purpose of CFD analysis is to determine torque generated by the turbine and pressure distributions in bucket for further work on fatigue analysis. The CFD analysis is carried out on model size Pelton runner reduced at 1:3.5 scale to minimize computational cost and time. The operating conditions for model size runner is selected in accordance with IEC 60193 and IEC 1116. The paper describes the methods used for CFD analysis using ANSYS CFX software. 3 buckets are used to predict the flow behavior of complete Pelton turbine. k-ε and SST turbulence model with interphase transfer method as free surface and mixture model is compared in the paper. The pressure distribution is found maximum at bucket tip and runner Pitch Circle Diameter (PCD). The torque generated by the middle bucket is replicated over time to determine total torque generated by Pelton turbine.
Modelling, Fabrication & Analysis of Pelton Turbine for Different Head and Materials
Water is the renewable source of energy and proximately 15% of world energy drives by hydropower plant. Pelton wheel turbine is the type of impulse turbine which is work under the atmospheric pressure and it work on high head which is lies in the range between 2000 meters. Pelton wheel turbine is an axial flow turbine. The water strikes on the bucket which is carried from the reservoir to penstock and lower end of penstock is connected with nozzle. Nozzle increase the velocity of jet and this high velocity jet strikes on bucket due to striking on bucket an impulse is act on bucket which is exert by jet by which the runner starts to rotate. The bucket is mounted on the edge of the runner around the circumference of runner and runner is mounted on the shaft. The turbine shaft is connected with the generator shaft. The generator shaft converts the mechanical work that is generated by turbine into the useful electric energy, so the water discharges into tailrace after striking on the bucket. So the process start from storing of water into the dam this potential energy of water converts into kinetic energy and the kinetic energy used for drive the wheel of turbine.
Design Calculation of Pelton Turbine for 220 kW
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP)
In Myanmar, there are various natural resources such as water, air, wind and solar. Among of them, water resource is the most abundant as there are many rivers and streams with rich electrical energy. Moreover, the cost of hydroelectric power is relatively cheaper compared with other resources. In hydraulic turbine is one of the most important parts to generate electricity. This paper intends to design the runner and nozzle with needle for Pelton turbine that will generate 220 kW output power from head of 213 m and flow rate of 0.135 m 3 /s. For these head and capacity of turbine, rotational speed is 1000 rpm, specific speed is 18.4, pitch circle diameter is 0.56 m, jet diameter is 0.053 m and nozzle outlet diameter is 0.064 m. The number of bucket based on jet ratio, 11 is 21. Detail design of runner, nozzle with needle of that turbine is described in this paper.
A reference Pelton turbine design
2012
The designs of hydraulic turbines are usually close kept corporation secrets. Therefore, the possibility of innovation and cooperation between different academic institutions regarding a specific turbine geometry is difficult. A Ph.D.-project at the Waterpower Laboratory, NTNU, aim to design several model Pelton turbines where all measurements, simulations, the design strategy, design software in addition to the physical model will be available to the public. In the following paper a short description of the methods and the test rig that are to be utilized in the project are described. The design will be based on empirical data and NURBS will be used as the descriptive method for the turbine geometry. In addition CFX and SPH simulations will be included in the design process. Each turbine designed and produced in connection to this project will be based on the experience and knowledge gained from the previous designs. The first design will be based on the philosophy to keep a near constant relative velocity through the bucket.
Design of a Pelton Turbine for a Specific Site in Malawi
International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 2020
Malawi's poor electrification rate can be improved through the maximum utilization of available renewable energy resources. Malawi has several rivers which can be utilized for electricity generation. However, most rivers such as Lichenya are not utilized to its full capacity. This paper presents the theoretical designing of a pelton turbine for Lichenya River in Malawi for maximum generation of electricity. Hydropower plants can either be impoundment, diversion or pumped storage type. The turbine used for any type of plant depends on the available head and river flow rate. The hydraulic turbines are classified into impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Pelton turbine is under impulse turbines and are usually associated with very high head and low discharges with low specific speeds. Additionally, Pelton turbine is simple to manufacture, are relatively cheap, and have good efficiency and reliability. The river flow data for Lichenya River were collected from the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development in Malawi. The design flow of 3.2 m 3 /s for the river was determined form the data. The river is within the catchment area of 62.3 km 2 and gross head of 304 m. The calculation of dimensions were carried out with the aid of EES software and spreadsheet. The designed turbine can generate 8067 kW of power with a turbine hydraulic efficiency of 95.4%. The detailed dimensions of the bucket, runner, penstock, and nozzle are presented. Therefore, this study can be the best guideline for further energy developments on Lichenya River in Malawi.