[2018] Los mercenarios en el Mediterráneo Antiguo e Iberia (Siglos V-III a.C.) [Recensión] (original) (raw)
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The etiological study presented was produced by combining critical analyses both of the Sources and of the archaeological record. This gives the archaeological record the same value as the Sources and stimulates discussion by increasing the volume of information. Hispanic mercenaries are constantly mentioned in the sources, fighting alternately for the Carthaginians and the Greeks. This indicates their frequent recruitment and value as a fighting force in the central Mediterranean. But the classical texts give only part of the story, and archaeology helps to provide a more complete picture of the situation. The work has prioritized the study of weapons, accepting their value as ethnic and cultural markers, but other, indirect types of evidence have also been studied: objects associated with mercenary activity that were imported or created in the Iberian Peninsula. The complexity and diversity of the record analysed have necessitated its division into three complementary blocks: • First, a critical study of Hispanic materials in the places cited by the Sources, amplified by analyzing a selection of Hispanic materials found in the Mediterranean. • Second, a review of the evidence of mercenary activity in the Mediterranean recovered in the Iberian Peninsula, classified by cultural group. • Third, a reassessment of two groups of Hispanic weapons associated with mercenary activity (helmets and body armour). The implications of this section have led to a reformulation both of the origin of the Hispanic mercenary groups and the area in which they fought. The materials studied delineate an area of confluence in southern Italy, where they joined numerous other groups of mercenaries of very different origins and with a varied repertoire of weapons. This scenario, where a host of materials and experiences came together, forged the active character of Hispanic mercenaries and encouraged them to adopt new customs and new material techniques, modifying their military panoply and system of fighting. Thus, in the course of the period studied, the Hispanic mercenary went from being a mistophoros to being an active ally in the wars of Sicily and southern Italy. The results of this work are just the starting point for investigating the situation as a whole. Its complete reconstruction will require continuous study, a review of the types of materials and the interpretations proposed here and a dialogue amongst researchers. The Hispanic mercenary should be analysed from a ‘glocal’ perspective, one which combines Hispanic historical and archaeological revision and sets it in a Mediterranean context.
R. Graells, La influencia del mercenariado hispánico sobre el armamento de la Península Ibérica (s. VI-IV a.C.). In: Raimon Graells i Fabregat · Dirce Marzoli (eds), Armas de la Hispania Prerromana / Waffen im vorrömischen Hispanien. Actas del Encuentro Armamento y arqueología de la guerra en la Península Ibérica prerromana (s. VI-I a. C.): problemas, objetivos y estrategias / Akten der Tagung Bewaffnung und Archäologie des Krieges auf der Iberischen Halbinsel in vorrömischer Zeit (6.-1. Jh. v. Chr.): Probleme, Ziele und Strategien. RGZM-Tagungen 24 (Mainz 2016). ISBN 978-3-88467-260-0, 37-77.
Graells i FabreGat, Raimon: Mistophoroi Ex Iberias. Una aproximación al mercenariado hispano a partir de las evidencias arqueológicas (s. VI-IV a. C.). Venosa. Maguncia, 2014, Osanna Edizioni, 302 pp., 62 figs. ISBN: 978-8-8816-7456-5. baray, luc: Les mercenaires celtes et la cultura de La Tène. Critères archéologiques et positions sociologiques. Dijon, 2014, Editions Universitaires de Dijon, 228 pp, 74 figs. ISBN: 978-2-36441-094-7.
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