Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oils on Post-harvest Disease Agent Penicillium digitatum (original) (raw)
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Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oils on Post-harvest Disease Agent Aspergilus flavus
… in Environmental Biology, 2009
Antifungal activities of the essential oils obtained from Hyssopus officinalis, Cuminum cyminum, Thymus vulgaris and cones of cupressus arizonica were investigated against Aspergilus flavus. Different concentrations of the essential oils on conidial germination and germ tube elongation were determined in-vitro. Essential oils applied in 5 levels, included 0 (as control), 0.125, 0.25, 0.375 and 0.5 %. The antifungal activities of the these essential oils were evaluated by disc diffusion method on PDA medium. The results showed that the essential oil of all plants affected the growth of Aspergillus flavus under in-vitro conditions. Aspergillus flavus sopres in control treatment filled the petridish medium on second day of experiment, but essential oils treatments in some levels inhibited and in others decreased the growth of Aspergillus flavus. GC-MS analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils were investigated to determine their different component. Data showed essential oil of Cuminum cyminum was more effective in comparison whit others. Furthermore, the study suggests that these essential oils can be used as preservatives in foods.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON THE GROWTH OF Aspergillus flavus
2007
The effects of 16 essential oils from aromatic plants were tested for their inhibitory effect on Aspergillus flavus IMI 242684 on PDA. The results showed that the essential oil of white wood (Melaleuca cajeputi) gave the highest inhibition followed by the essential oils of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and lavender (Lavandula officinalis), respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of these three essential oils at different concentrations were examined. It was found that the essential oil of white wood at 1.5625% (v/v) and of cinnamon and lavender at 50% (v/v) were the optimum concentrations for fungal growth inhibition. The essential oil of white wood at 25% (v/v) completely inhibited the growth of A. flavus IMI 242684 on PDA for 28 days.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2012
This study aimed to evaluate the antimould activity of oregano, thyme, rosemary and clove essential oils and some of their main constituents: eugenol, carvacrol and thymol against Aspergillus niger. This antifungal activity was assessed using broth dilution, disc diffusion and micro atmosphere methods. In both agar diffusion and micro atmosphere tests, all the investigated agents showed no inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger growth at concentrations lower than 10% (v/v). However, broth dilution test showed the highest sensitivity. Using this method, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of the tested agents were between 0.025 and 1%. The anti-Aspergillus effect of oregano and thyme oils was more potent than that of clove and rosemary oils. Concerning the phenolic compounds, thymol and carvacrol proved to have better anti-Aspergillus effect than eugenol. Accordingly, we can say that the antifungal efficacy of these agents is better appreciated when they are applied directly into liquid medium than when they are applied as volatiles or diffused in solid medium. Therefore, as these agents are active at low concentrations, they could be used in the formulation of natural preparations, and thereby could be proposed in therapeutic or hygienic contexts.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2017
Contamination of environment and food from the prevalent spores and mycotoxins of Aspergillus niger has led to several diseases in humans and other animals. The present study investigated the control activity of plant essential oils against three strains of A. niger. In the elaborate assays done through microdilution plate assay and agar disk diffusion assay in the lab condition and in vivo assay on the stored wheat grains, the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris depicted overall superior efficacy. In microdilution plate assay, the oil of Anethum graveolens showed best fungistatic activity, while best fungicidal activity was depicted by Syzygium aromaticum oil. The oil of T. vulgaris showed moderate control efficacy against A. niger strains with its antifungal activity resulting mainly due to killing of microorganism rather than growth inhibition. In agar disk diffusion assay, T. vulgaris oil with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 23.3-61.1% was the most effective fungicide. The in vivo as...
Effects of Essential Oil in the Inhibition of Fungal Pathogen
Essential oils are highly concentrated substances extracted from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, barks, resins, or fruit rinds. These oils are often used for their flavour and their therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods, medicines, and cosmetics. Extraction of essential oils is one of the most time-and effort-consuming processes. The way in which oils are extracted from plants is important because some processes use solvents that can destroy the therapeutic properties. There are wide number of ways to extract the Essential oil but the quality never remains the same. Here we are using the " Steam Distillation " method for extraction which is the cheapest way for the extraction of oils from the different parts of the plants. The present study constitutes an initiative to explore the anti-fungal activity of Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain oil), Cymbopogon winteranus (citronella Oil), Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom), Anethum gravelous (Dilseed oil) essential oil against fungal pathogen. Anti-fungal activity against Aspergillus niger were determined in terms of mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain oil) essential oil showed lower values of MIC against fungal pathogen. The essential oil also significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungi. Hence, Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain oil) essential oil can be formulated into the antifungal ointments for topical applications in future.
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2012
The antifungal activity of essential oils of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Apiaceae), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae), mint (Mentha piperita L., Lamiaceae) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae) was evaluated against mycotoxin producers Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. High Resolution Gas Chromatography was applied to analyze chemical constituents of essential oils. The effect of different concentrations of essential oils was determined by solid medium diffusion assay. Mycelial growth and sporulation were determined for each essential oil at the concentrations established by solid medium diffusion assay. At the fifth, seventh and ninth days the mycelial diameter (Ø mm) and spore production were also determined. FUN-1 staining was performed to assess cell viability after broth macrodilution assay. Trans-anethole, zingiberene, menthol and thymol are the major component of essential oils of fennel, ginger, mint and thyme, respectively. The effective concentrations for fennel, ginger, mint and thyme were 50, 80, 50 and 50% (oil/DMSO; v/v), respectively. The four essential oils analysed in this study showed antifungal effect. Additionally, FUN-1 staining showed to be a suitable method to evaluate cell viability of potential mycotoxigenic fungi A. flavus and A. parasiticus after treatment with essential oils.
2008
Oils extracted from fifteen medicinal plants were screened for their activity against A. fumigatus and A. niger by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of oils (%v/v) against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger done by agar dilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum cidal concentration (MCCs) data (%v/v) obtained by the broth micro dilution method. The results showed that the maximum antimycotic activity was demonstrated by oils of Cymbopogon martini, Eucalyptus globulus and Cinnamomum zylenicum as compared to control, followed by Cymbopogon citratus which showed activity similar to control (miconazole nitrate). The oils of Mentha spicata, Azadirachta indica, Eugenia caryophyllata, Withania somnifera and Zingiber officinale exhibited moderate activity. The oils of Cuminum cyminum, Allium sativum, Ocimum sanctum, Trachyspermum copticum, Foeniculum vulgare and Elettaria cardamomum demonstrated comparatively low activity against A. niger and A. fumigatus as compared to control. Mixed oils showed maximum activity as compared to standard. These results support the plant oils can be used to cure mycotic infections and plant oils may have role as pharmaceutical and preservatives.
Antifungal activity of essential oils derived from some plants against phytopathogenic fungi
Annals of Plant Sciences, 2016
Essential oils were extracted from different plant species (Acorus calamus, Artemisia nilagerica, Erigeron Canadensis) to evaluate their effect on the growth of four phytopathogenic fungi viz. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium expansum following poisoned food technique method. Different concentration of oil such as 125ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm and 5000ppm were taken to evaluate the effect. There was 100% inhibition in the growth of phytopathogenic fungi at 5000 and 1000ppm concentration by essential oil of A. calamus. At 500ppm concentration also 100% inhibition was found up to 7th day on F. oxysporum. Essential oil of A. nilagirica inhibits the growth of all phytopathogenic fungi at higher concentration. In case of P. expansum at 5000ppm concentration 100% inhibition was recorded even after 15 days of incubation. The decrease in colony diameter or growth of fungus was corresponding to the concentration of oil. In comparison to others two,...
VETERINARY …, 2010
Growth inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus,Aspergillus flavus and Fusarum solani exposed to the essential oils including Thyme, Agastache and Satureja were studied. Disc Diffusion Method was used to evaluate the fungal growth inhibitory effects of the essential oils. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the oils were determined and compared with each other. The results showed that all three essential oils examined, had antifungal effects against three fungi species. The MIC data revealed that Thyme oil was the most effective essential oil with the MIC of 62.5 μl ml -1 .
Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology], 2011
The goals of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of Cuminum cyminum, Ziziphora clinopodioides and Nigella sativa essential oils to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus and to evoke ultrastructural changes. The fungi were cultured into RPMI 1640 media in the presence of oils at concentrations of 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.5, 1.25, 1, 0.75 and 0.5 mg/ml in broth microdilution and 2, 1.5, 1 and 0.5 mg/ml in broth macrodilution methods with shaking for 48 h at 28(o)C. Conidial and mycelial samples exposed to 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg essential oils/ml for 5 days in 2% yeast extract granulated plus 15% Saccharose media were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on broth dilution methods, C. cyminum and to a lesser extent Z. clinopodioides oils exhibited the strongest activity against A. fumigatus and A. flavus with MIC90 ranging from 0.25 to 1.5 mg/ml, while the oil from N. sativa exhibited relatively moderate activity against two above fung...