The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity (original) (raw)
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Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and probiotics
Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2011
| At birth, the human colon is rapidly colonized by gut microbes. Owing to their vast number and their capacity to ferment nutrients and secrete bioactive compounds, these gastrointestinal microbes act as an environmental factor that affects the host's physiology and metabolism, particularly in the context of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Experiments that compared germ-free and colonized mice or analyzed the influence of nutrients that qualitatively change the composition of the gut microbiota (namely prebiotics) showed that gut microbes induce a wide variety of host responses within the intestinal mucosa and thereby control the gut's barrier and endocrine functions. Gut microbes also influence the metabolism of cells in tissues outside of the intestines (in the liver and adipose tissue) and thereby modulate lipid and glucose homeostasis, as well as systemic inflammation, in the host. A number of studies describe characteristic differences between the composition and/or activity of the gut microbiota of lean individuals and those with obesity. Although these data are controversial, they suggest that specific phyla, classes or species of bacteria, or bacterial metabolic activities could be beneficial or detrimental to patients with obesity. The gut microbiota is, therefore, a potential nutritional and pharmacological target in the management of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020
Obesity has become a global epidemic and a public health crisis in the Western World, experiencing a threefold increase in prevalence since 1975. High-caloric diets and sedentary lifestyles have been identified as significant contributors to this widespread issue, although the role of genetic, social, and environmental factors in obesity’s pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. In recent years, much attention has been drawn to the contribution of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity. Indeed, research has shown that in contrast to their healthier counterparts the microbiomes of obese individuals are structurally and functionally distinct, strongly suggesting microbiome as a potential target for obesity therapeutics. In particular, pre and probiotics have emerged as effective and integrative means of modulating the microbiome, in order to reverse the microbial dysbiosis associated with an obese phenotype. The following review brings forth animal and human research su...
2019
New evidences have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with intermediary metabolism, body weight, and inflammation. So, it could be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Microbiota have influences on these disorders through different mechanisms related to host genes, environment, nutrition, appetite, lifestyle and systemic or adipocytes inflammation. Several factors including unhealthy dietary patterns, chronic intake of antibiotics, chronic stress, aging and different infections can disturb the balance between the number of helpful and pathogenic bacteria in the colon. So, consumption of prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic may be in favor of the host health through alteration of the bacterial imbalance. In this review, we summarized the recent evidences that support the association between pre/pro/symbiotic consumption and prevention or treatment of obesity and the other metabolic disorders.
Frontiers in microbiology, 2017
In the present world scenario, obesity has almost attained the level of a pandemic and is progressing at a rapid rate. This disease is the mother of all other metabolic disorders, which apart from placing an added financial burden on the concerned patient also has a negative impact on his/her well-being and health in the society. Among the various plausible factors for the development of obesity, the role of gut microbiota is very crucial. In general, the gut of an individual is inhabited by trillions of microbes that play a significant role in host energy homeostasis by their symbiotic interactions. Dysbiosis in gut microbiota causes disequilibrium in energy homeostasis that ultimately leads to obesity. Numerous mechanisms have been reported by which gut microbiota induces obesity in experimental models. However, which microbial community is directly linked to obesity is still unknown due to the complex nature of gut microbiota. Prebiotics and probiotics are the safer and effective...
Intestinal microbiota; relevance to obesity and modulation by prebiotics and probiotics
Nutrición hospitalaria
The intestinal microbiota has several beneficial functions related to host health. Studies suggest that it may be related to the presence of metabolic diseases, including obesity. A bibliographic survey was carried out upon the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and obesity and the possible impacts of the use of prebiotics and probiotics, aiming to understand this complex and promising interaction. A search was conducted in the Lilacs, PubMed, SciElo and ScienceDirect databases, using the keywords "gut microbiota" and "obesity". We identified 613 original studies. After careful selection, 61 original articles were included in this review. The others indicated that there are differences in the microbial composition between obese and non-obese patients and the possible mechanisms involved. Alteration is caused in the energy homeostasis, in the use of dietary intake and storage of lipids due to the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Among the stud...
Current Obesity Reports, 2020
Purpose of Review In this review, we summarize current evidence on gut microbiome and obesity; we discuss the role of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in obesity prevention and management; and we highlight and analyze main limitations, challenges, and controversies of their use. Recent Findings Overall, the majority of animal studies and meta-analyses of human studies examining the use of probiotics and synbiotics in obesity has shown their beneficial effects on weight reduction and other metabolic parameters via their involvement in gut microbiota modulation. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains are still the most widely used probiotics in functional foods and dietary supplements, but next generation probiotics, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, or Clostridia strains, have demonstrated promising results. On the contrary, meta-analyses of human studies on the use of prebiotics in obesity have yielded contradictory results. In animal studies, postbiotics, mainly short-chain fatty acids, may increase energy expenditure through induction of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as well as browning of the white adipose tissue. The main limitations of studies on biotics in obesity include the paucity of human studies; heterogeneity among the studied subgroups regarding age, gender, and lifestyle; and use of different agents with potential therapeutic effects in different formulations, doses, ratio and different pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics. In terms of safety, the supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has not been associated with serious adverse effects among immune-competent individuals, with the exception of the use of probiotics and synbiotics in immunocompromised patients. Summary Further large-scale Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) in humans are required to evaluate the beneficial properties of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics; their ideal dose; the duration of supplementation; and the durability of their beneficial effects as well as their safety profile in the prevention and management of obesity.
GUT MICROBIOTA AND OBESITY: A ROLE FOR PROBIOTICS (Atena Editora)
GUT MICROBIOTA AND OBESITY: A ROLE FOR PROBIOTICS (Atena Editora), 2024
Objective: Correlate the intestinal microbiota with obesity and identify the impact of probiotic administration on the treatment strategy for this disease. Methodology: Narrative bibliographic review and, for this purpose, 567 articles were found in the PubMed database, using the PVO search strategy and the search strategy: (Obesity) AND (Gastrointestinal Microbiota) AND (Probiotics). Among these articles, 22 were selected to compose the present review. Review: The intestinal microbiota is an extremely dynamic bacterial complex, which, upon receiving the environmental pressure of obesity, undergoes intrinsic changes in its composition. Concomitant to this, dysbiosis can lead to increased insulin resistance, changes in the production of leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY and GLP-1, influencing the global energy metabolism of patients and the pathophysiology of obesity. Adequate diet together with the use of probiotics exert pressure on the intestinal microbiota and restore the balance of the flora, mitigating the progression of obesity. This promising association appears to support the treatment of obesity by reducing body weight, abdominal adipose tissue and other indices. Final considerations: Intestinal microbiota is linked to obesity and is influenced by several factors while obesity can affect microbial composition and lead to dysbiosis. The use of probiotics is a possible approach for managing obesity, but more studies, especially long-term clinical trials, are needed to direct the clinical applicability of such an approach.
International Dairy Journal, 2010
Obesity in humans leads to changes in the composition of gut microbiota, some of those changes being reversed upon dieting and changes in dietary habits. The studies devoted to understand how gut microbes control host energy homeostasis are of interest, in order to estimate how specific nutrients that induce changes in gut microbiota composition and/or activity-such as prebiotics-could be relevant in the management of obesity and related disorders. This review presents the potential molecular mechanisms allowing the gut microbiota to control host energy homeostasis, and presents the potential mechanisms evoked in the improvement of obesity by colonic nutrients that target the gut microbiota. It also discusses the relevance of this new area of research in human nutrition and health.
Probiotics in prevention and treatment of obesity: a critical view
The worldwide prevalence of obesity more than doubled between 1980 and 2014. The obesity pandemic is tightly linked to an increase in energy availability, sedentariness and greater control of ambient temperature that have paralleled the socioeconomic development of the past decades. The most frequent cause which leads to the obesity development is a dysbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor which influence whole-body metabolism by affecting energy balance but also inflammation and gut barrier function, integrate peripheral and central food intake regulatory signals and thereby increase body weight. Probiotics have physiologic functions that contribute to the health of gut microbiota, can affect food intake and appetite, body weight and composition and metabolic functions through gastrointestinal pathways and modulation of the gut bacterial community.
Microorganisms
The growing prevalence of obesity has become an important problem worldwide as obesity has several health risks. Notably, factors such as excessive food consumption, a sedentary way of life, high sugar consumption, a fat-rich diet, and a certain genetic profile may lead to obesity. The present review brings together recent advances regarding the significance of interventions involving intestinal gut bacteria and host metabolic phenotypes. We assess important biological molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of gut microbiota on hosts including bile salt metabolism, short-chain fatty acids, and metabolic endotoxemia. Some previous studies have shown a link between microbiota and obesity, and associated disease reports have been documented. Thus, this review focuses on obesity and gut microbiota interactions and further develops the mechanism of the gut microbiome approach related to human obesity. Specifically, we highlight several alternative diet treatments including dietary ch...