The Prevalence of Cogn itive Impairment amongst Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Abakaliki South-East Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus in Jos, North-Central Nigeria
Hungarian Medical Journal, 2008
Abbreviations ADL = activities of daily living; DM = diabetes mellitus; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; OHA = oral hypoglycaemic agents Cognitive dysfunction is a common source of morbidity, usually observed in late stages of diabetes complications . Dementia is one of the commonest and most disabling late life mental disorders. Its prevalence and incidence show little variation between countries and regions. In Nigeria, studies have shown that no fewer than 2.2% of the populations are diabetics . Epidemiological studies of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes are relatively few or non-existent in Nigeria . The obvious need for research on dementia in developing countries cannot be Background: Cognitive dysfunction is a common source of morbidity and mortality, usually observed in late stages of diabetes complications. Dementia is one of the commonest and most disabling late life mental disorders. The fact that data are scanty in the tropic cannot be overemphasized. There is a need to describe the association of cognitive dysfunction among our diabetics and its attendant risks such as duration of DM, age of patient, presence of hypertension and glycaemic control. Methods: a sample size of 180 patients was obtained with 120 diabetic subjects and 60 non-diabetics as controls. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used to grade the severity of cognitive states. Result: twenty-six (21.7%) of the diabetic subjects had cognitive dysfunction with a score of less than twenty four based on the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) while 6 (10.0%) of the controls had dementia.
Association Between Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
International journal of health services research and policy, 2022
Diabetes mellitus type II is considered one of the leading causes of illness and mortality over the globe. Diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy are all effectively screened on a regular basis. Recent research has shown that cognitive deterioration can occur in patients with diabetes and that it can go unnoticed for a long time, implying that routine screening is necessary. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 158 patients with a complaint of Type II Diabetes Mellitus aged between 60-79 years of age were found with cognitive impairment on the basis of Mini-mental Score Examination (MMSE) in a tertiary care center. Detailed history along with laboratory and biochemical data were taken from patients after taking written informed consent and approval of the Institutional Ethical committee through the pre-structured questionnaire. Mild cognitive impairment was noted in 88 (55.69%) type II diabetes mellitus patients and Normal cognitive function in 70 (44.30%).
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018
Background: To evaluate the impact of type-II diabetes mellitus on cognitive function and to assess the factors associated with impaired function.Methods: This prospective study compared 100 type-II diabetic people attending the diabetic clinic of Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital with another 100 membered control group. The study group was selected randomly between the age group of 45-65 years. A neuro-cognitive assessment was done using Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE), which is a simple and reliable screening test. This scale has 12 questions with time limits to assess orientation, memory, calculation, language, attention and construction. Magnitude and severity of cognitive decrement were analysed along with the possible factors affecting it.Results: Mean age of the study population was 54.6±7.24 years. Cognitive impairment was noted among 62 of cases and 48 of the control group, which means a 14% higher prevalence of cognitive impairment among the type 2 di...
The prevalence and predictors of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic population of Punjab, India
Journal of Social Health and Diabetes, 2017
Background: The present cross sectional study was carried out on 516 subjects with type 2 diabetes from a tertiary health care hospital to identify the prevalence and predictors of cognitive impairment in diabetes. Materials and Methods: Cognitive impairment was tested using Mini Mental Scale Examination (MMSE), Trail making tests-A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B). Efficiency of these tests to diagnose cognitive impairment was analysed using reliability index (Cronbach's α = 0.82), which ruled out any internal inconsistency. Of the study participants, 174 (33.73%) met the criteria for cognitive impairment and 342 (66.27%) were having normal cognition. Out of 174, 156 diabetic subjects (89.65 percent) were not diagnosed for neurocognitive impairment prior participation. Results: Cognitive impairment was observed to be strongly associated with being a woman (P < 0.001), divorced or separated (P = 0.007), sedentary life style (P = 0.001), smoking (P…
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.11\_Issue.11\_Nov2021/IJHSR-Abstract.036.html, 2021
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that affects various body systems. Elevated blood glucose levels cause brain malfunction, sorbitol which damages blood vessels, and degeneration of the nerves that can lead to dementia or cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment can result in nonadherence of patients to diabetes treatment, such as medication, diet and exercise. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment in type II diabetes mellitus. Methodology: 50 participants of age group 30-60 years, both male and female were included in this study. Cognitive impairment was assessed with the English version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool. The MoCA scoring according to Dementia and Driving Safety: A clinical guideline, Version 3, 2014. Result: Among the 50 patients who were assessed, 24 (48%) were cognitively impaired. 20 (40%) of the subjects were age group of 51-60 years, and males participants 11(22%) outnumbered females 9 (18%). The majority of patients (40%) had diabetes type II for < 2 years. Conclusion: There was strong correlation found between Type II DM and cognitive impairment.
Evaluation of cognitive functions in diabetic patients
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. In this study, authors investigated cognitive functions in the diabetes and control group with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Authors analyzed the association of cognitive status with age, sex, duration of diabetes, insulin use and HbA1c in diabetic patients.Methods: Fifty patients with diabetes diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 70 who applied to this Diabetes and General Internal Medicine Clinics between January 2017 and September 2017 were included. Fifty patients with nondiabetes diagnosed with similar age and demographic characteristics were included in the control group. MMSE was applied to both groups. In the diabetic group, cognitive functions were investigated in relation with age, gender, duration of diabetes, insulin usage and HbA1c.Results: The MMSE score in diabetic patients was lower than the control group (p<0.05). In addition, cognitive impairment in diabeti...
Factors Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study
Cureus
Background Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of cognitive decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This cohort study included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 40 and 75 years and with a duration of the evolution of diabetes that is greater than five years admitted in endocrinology consultation of the Sheikh Khalifa ibn Zaid Hospital in Casablanca, Morocco. For each patient, we collected clinical characteristics and biological assessments. All subjects provided screening test results as defined by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results We included a total of 100 patients with diabetes between May and September 2021. The median age of the patients was 65 years (interquartile range (IQR): 59-70 years), 65% were males, and the median duration of diabetes was 15 years (IQR: 9-20 years). The most common cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) were hypertension (72.7%) and dyslipidemia (53%). The most common complications of diabetes were peripheral neuropathy (50%), diabetic retinopathy (DR) (39%), peripheral artery disease (33%), and coronary artery disease (27%). Cognitive impairment was present in 47.5% of our patients. For the multivariate analysis, we found that the decrease in the MMSE score is associated with the increase in age (p-value = 0.004) and the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (p-value < 0.001), dyslipidemia (p-value = 0.006), and elevated creatinine (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion It is necessary to consider the cognitive decline of patients with diabetes as one of the most important complications of this disease because of its impact on the evolution and compliance of these patients.
Assessment of Cognitive Status in Type 2 Diabetes
International journal of collaborative research on internal medicine and public health, 2014
Introduction: The increasing prevalence of diabetes over the world has become an important public health problem. Diabetes is considered a non-communicable disease nowadays, with about 173 million diabetic people over the world. Generally, problems for the elderly are impaired activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive dysfunction. Central nervous system involvement is increasingly recognized as a possible complication of diabetes. Cognitive impairment might be another factor associated with poor diabetes control and also with bad adherence of patients to educational approaches, such as diet orientations. Objective: To assess the cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross sectional study was designed and patients were recruited from Abbasi Shaheed Hospital with a non-probability convenient sampling. Patients having type 2 diabetes over 30 years of age were included and patients with blindness, stroke and psychiatric disorders were excluded. Sample size was done by...
COGNITIVE FUNCTION-A COMPARISON BETWEEN ELDERLY NON DIABETIC AND DIABETIC SUBJECTS
Introduction:- Increase in life expectancy and fall in death rate has led to rise in the proportion of the elderly in the community all over the world. The ageing population is facing a double epidemic of dementia including Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes mellitus. The increase in diabetes among elderly is concerning because, in addition to the traditional diabetes complications like acute hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic events and vascular complications, diabetes also affects the central nervous system, a complication referred to as ‘diabetic encephalopathy’, which presents as impaired cognitive functioning and is also associated with an increased risk of dementia. Hence this study was under taken to draw attention to the occurrence of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus, in our community, and thereby pave the way for future initiatives to reduce its incidence. Aim and objectives:- To compare the cognitive functions of elderly non-diabetic subjects with that of elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects using standard neuropsychological tests and to correlate with their blood sugar and lipid levels. Materials and methods:- The study was conducted in 60 participants in the age group of 58-65 years. Of these the case group comprised of 30 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the control group was formed by age, gender and education matched non-diabetic individuals. Blood samples were collected from all participants. After a brief screening test the participants were asked to take the neuropsychological test battery for evaluating their cognitive status. Comparison of the raw test scores of the cases and controls was done using the student‘t’ test. Results and conclusion:- The diabetes group showed poorer performance in all the cognitive function tests than the non-diabetes group with no correlation between blood glucose and cholesterol levels and the neuropsychological test scores of the patients. Hence, it can be concluded that periodical assessment of cognitive functions in diabetes clinics would be helpful in early identification and management of cases with cognitive impairment, which in turn can reverse the cognitive decline and prevent the development of dementias in these patients.