Aquaculture report9 (original) (raw)
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Journal of National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 2022
Globally, inland fisheries make a significant contribution to sustainable development across dimensions of food security, livelihoods, economic value and biodiversity. Nevertheless, aquaculture is generally considered to be environmentally unfriendly. As such, environmentally friendly approaches of increasing fish production such as fisheries enhancement receive increasing attention. Culture-based fisheries (CBF) are seen as a way forward for inland fisheries development in most Asian countries. Due to the extensive availability, reservoirs of Sri Lanka, which have been constructed in the past for irrigation, can secondarily be utilized for inland fisheries development. The reservoir fishery of Sri Lanka has been a relatively recent development during the second half of last century after the introduction of exotic cichlid species, Oreochromis mossambicus and O. niloticus. The trends in inland fish production until the 1990s suggested that under the socio-economic milieu that prevailed, for the management of reservoir fisheries, state-sponsored monitoring procedures or centralized management systems was essential. Due to the concerted efforts to develop CBF in Sri Lankan reservoirs after 2000, through regular stocking of fingerlings of tilapia, Chinese carps and Indian carps, a significant development in the inland fisheries sector has been achieved. Recent attempts at stocking Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae in inland reservoirs as part of CBF contributed to significant elevation of rural income. Also, ‘human capital’ in the rural institutions (i.e., famer organizations and fisheries societies) has a high potential to be mobilised for CBF development. Introduction of comanagement strategies for CBF is useful for its sustainability. CBF development in Sri Lankan reservoirs should essentially be a transdisciplinary approach, which would take into account the biological productivity favouring growth of stocked fish, institutional linkages for supporting different stages of the strategy, social attitudes for adopting CBF within the realm of participatory development, and market forces driving the entire process.
The role of fisheries sector in the coastal fishing communities of Sri Lanka
2003
Sri Lanka is an island country with a land area of 65 610 km2. With the declaration of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in 1976, the country gained sovereign rights over an ocean area of 536 000 km2 and EEZ extending from 24 to 200 nm. The continental shelf is about 26 000 km2 with an average width of around 22 km, and the coastline is 1 100 km long. The total annual fish production of Sri Lanka was 25 000 t in 1952 and 269 850 t in 1998. Major fish species caught in Sri Lankan waters are skipjack, blood fish, yellow fin tuna, mullet, shark, trevally, Spanish mackerel, prawns, lobsters. Gross domestic product (GDP) is composed of services, agriculture including forestry and fishery, manufacturing, construction and mining and quarrying. Of these, the agriculture sector contributed 21% with 2.5% coming from the fisheries subsector in 1998. In 1975, fisheries contributed Rs420 million to GDP and substantially improved to Rs24 823 million (US$382 million at 1 US$ = 64.90 Sri Lanka Rupe...
Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Sciences
Sri Lanka is reputed as a country with better basic health indicators than most countries with comparable per capita incomes, but child under-nutrition in the country is very high. Fisheries sector plays a significant role in alleviating hunger and malnutrition because about 70% of animal protein of the diets of people comes from this sector. Currently per capita fish consumption in Sri Lanka is 13 kg per annum. Nevertheless, there is a significant potential to increase this value. Marine fisheries production forms about 86% of national fish production, but potential for its further increase is remote except for a few under-exploited fish stocks such as those attracted to flotsam. The inland fisheries sub-sector, on the other hand, has a great potential for development through further expansion of culture-based fisheries (CBF) in small village reservoirs for which there are legal provisions for agricultural farmers to utilize them for CBF development. With increased demand for fish fingerlings for CBF, there is an urgent need for training rural farmers to establish mini-hatcheries and induced breeding techniques of major carps. There appears to be a high potential for exploiting small indigenous fish species which have been unexploited hitherto, in reservoirs of Sri Lanka. As such, the fishery regulations with the legal provisions to exploit these indigenous fish populations should be implemented through active participation of fisher communities. The inland fishery is a source of animal protein for rural poor available at affordable prices. Hence, development of this sector is imperative for eradicating hunger and malnutrition in the rural communities.
Sri Lanka is reputed as a country with better basic health indicators than most countries with comparable per capita incomes, but child under-nutrition in the country is very high. Fisheries sector plays a significant role in alleviating hunger and malnutrition because about 70% of animal protein of the diets of people comes from this sector. Currently per capita fish consumption in Sri Lanka is 13 kg per annum. Nevertheless, there is a significant potential to increase this value. Marine fisheries production forms about 86% of national fish production, but potential for its further increase is remote except for a few under-exploited fish stocks such as those attracted to flotsam. The inland fisheries sub-sector, on the other hand, has a great potential for development through further expansion of culture-based fisheries (CBF) in small village reservoirs for which there are legal provisions for agricultural farmers to utilize them for CBF development. With increased demand for fish ...