Low-cost biomass as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater used for crop irrigation in developing countries (original) (raw)
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Utilization of agricultural waste biomass for treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal
Water contamination by toxic organic chemicals and heavy metals from the miscellaneous industrial wastewater discharge keeps becoming worldwide environmental concern. Heavy metals are persistent and therefore difficult to be eliminated naturally from the environment, even at trace amount. Nearly all heavy metals are highly toxic, non-biodegradable, non-thermo degradable and readily accumulate onto toxic levels. To the present, several treatment methods for metal ions removal from aqueous solutions have been established, still biosorption processes retain quite a few advantages against all other mentioned techniques.
Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using agricultural and industrial wastes as adsorbents
Adsorption processes are being widely used by various researchers for the removal of heavy metals from waste streams and activated carbon has been frequently used as an adsorbent. Despite its extensive use in water and wastewater treatment industries, activated carbon remains an expensive material. In recent years, the need for safe and economical methods for the elimination of heavy metals from contaminated waters has necessitated research interest toward the production of low cost alternatives to commercially available activated carbon. Therefore, there is an urgent need that all possible sources of agro-based inexpensive adsorbents should be explored and their feasibility for the removal of heavy metals should be studied in detail. The objective of this research is to study the utilization possibilities of less expensive adsorbents for the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater. Agricultural and industrial waste by-products such as rice husk and fly ash have be used for the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater for the treatment of the EL-AHLIA Company wastewater for electroplating industries as an actual case study.
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The removal of heavy metals from wastewater by the adsorption process is being widely used by several researchers and activated carbon (AC) has been commonly used as an adsorbent. Although it's extensive use in the water and wastewater treatment industries, AC remains an expensive material. In recent years, conscientious effort has been made by researchers to produce a cheaper, more effective and environmental friendly AC that are equivalent to commercial available ones. Therefore, there is an urgent need that all possible sources of agro-based inexpensive adsorbents should be explored and their feasibility for the removal of heavy metals should be studied in detail. This paper presents an overview of some low-cost adsorbents based on recent publications and their utilization possibilities for the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater.
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The discharge of heavy metals into aquatic ecosystems has become a matter of concern in India over the last few decades. These pollutants are introduced into the aquatic systems significantly as a result of various industrial operations. Industrialization in India gained a momentum with initiation of five year developmental plan in the early 50's. The pollutants of concern include lead, chromium, mercury, uranium, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, gold, silver, copper and nickel. The main objective of the work is to remove the heavy metal by using biomass.
Agricultural Waste Adsorbents For Heavy Metals Removal From Wastewater
2017
With the onset of urbanization and industrialization mankind has witnessed various environmental issues in the society. One of the impacts is visible, in form of water pollution containing heavy metals. Removal of these metals from wastewater by adsorption demands low operating cost. Use of low cost adsorbent is one way of reducing the treatment cost. In the present research biosorption was carried out in a batch process to test the suitability of sugar cane bagasse and corn hob for removal of Cr (II) and Fe (II) ions from waste water effluent. The removal of heavy metals like chromium and iron by these adsorbents has been studied. Also, effect of parameters like contact time, pH and adsorbent dose on the metal removal is studied. The contact time was 100 min for both substrates. The results indicated that the amount of absorbed metal ions varied with substrates materials, and the maximum percentage removal was 91 percent for iron and 92.4 percent for chromium. The adsorption proces...
Agricultural biomass/waste as adsorbents for toxic metal decontamination of aqueous solutions
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2019
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2013
In recent years the adsorption process has been recognized as an effective and economic method for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters as it offers flexibility in design and operation so as to produce high quality treated effluents of desired standards for disposal and moreover the adsorbents can be regenerated by suitable desorption. Activated carbon had been the most used adsorbent, nevertheless it is comparatively expensive. Today's demand for safe, eco-friendly, easily available and low cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated waters has necessitated research interest towards the production of low cost alternatives that is why it is an urgent that all possible sources of agro and horticultural based low cost adsorbents must be explored and their feasibility for the removal of heavy metals should be studied with various affecting parameters. This paper reviews the current methods to explore low cost adsorbents and their utilization techniques...
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2020
Most of the population does not have water access with the required quality and quantity, because natural resources are adversely affected by anthropic activities. Agricultural and industrial activities result in the release of a high amount of contaminants into the environment, among these, toxic heavy metals are the ones that are of most concern to the society. These metals (Hg, Pb, Cd and Cr-for example) can be accumulated and bioaccumulated in the trophic chain. When high concentrations of these elements are in the human organism, metabolic, renal and blood dysfunctions, cancers, among others, can occur. Another increasing environmental problem is the high amount of agricultural wastes produced annually. Population growth generates an inelastic demand for food, and the production of these food results in an increasing amount of waste. The use of these wastes to produce adsorbents could add value to these residues. Moreover, the new adsorbents could be used in the decontamination of polluted waters containing toxic metals such as Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr and others. Also, these residues from agriculture could also be used to produce activated carbons, since activated carbons can adsorb more heavy metal than in natura material. Aiming to solve two environmental problems at once (the decontamination of heavy metals from waters and the correct destination of solid agroindustry wastes), this study investigated the capacity and viability of the decontamination of waters by the use of adsorbents produced from agroindustrial biomasses.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Low Cost Adsorbents: A Review
—The adsorption process is being widely used by various researchers for the removal of heavy metals from waste streams and activated carbon has been frequently used as an adsorbent. Despite its extensive use in the water and wastewater treatment industries, activated carbon remains an expensive material. In recent years, the need for safe and economical methods for the elimination of heavy metals from contaminated waters has necessitated research interest towards the production of low cost alternatives to commercially available activated carbon. Therefore there is an urgent need that all possible sources of agro-based inexpensive adsorbents should be explored and their feasibility for the removal of heavy metals should be studied in detail. The objective of this study is to contribute in the search for less expensive adsorbents and their utilization possibilities for various agricultural waste by-products such as seaweed, algae, chitosan, egg shell and saw dust etc. for the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2021
The use of inexpensive materials such as agricultural by-products and industrial waste has received considerable attention because of their high efficiency for heavy metal retention, low cost and availability. This study aimed to investigate the technical feasibility of residual biomass from pines (cones and leaves) for Cr(VI) and Cu(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The effect of various parameters, such as pH, metal concentration, contact time, temperature and biosorbent/ solution ratio was examined. Biosorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The specific surface area was evaluated by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm. The equilibrium data showed better fitting to the Langmuir model, indicating the monolayer adsorption behavior. The Langmuir model predicted a maximum adsorption capacity of 27.78 mg g-1 of Cu(II) on pine cones and 64.04 mg g-1 of Cr(VI) on pine leaves. The kinetic study revealed that the pseudo-second-order model fitted the experimental data. The thermodynamic study showed that the biosorption process was endothermic for Cu and exothermic for Cr(VI). The biosorbent can be reactivated with 0.1 mol L-1 HNO 3 allowing the recovery of the metals and the recycling of the biosorbent. These results showed that pine waste materials can be used as efficient, economic and eco-friendly biosorbent for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) recovery from contaminated effluents.