Gravity, where does it come from? (original) (raw)
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New Explanation of the Curvature of Spacetime, Mass, and Gravity
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In this paper I derive an equation relating the gravitational acceleration with the gravitational wavelength corresponding to the “gravitational energy” density at a point in space and with the speed of light, without using the gravitational constant of Newton (G), derive an equation of the Energy-Momentum of Einstein suppressing this constant, and further I set the foundations for new theory of gravity “Energy-Wave”.
Physical explanations of Einstein's gravity
Einstein's gravitational field equations from his general theory of relativity have formed the foundations of gravitational studies since their publication. His work is widely acknowledged as an example of a theoretical study that made a great contribution to our understanding of gravity. Einstein's mathematical approach has made the topic complex and open to misinterpretation. This study evaluates the physics upon which his mathematics operates. It shows that mass distorts spacetime by the redshift of photons. It derives two alternative metrics to the Schwarzschild metric. One was derived directly from Einstein's early work on gravity. The other was derived from Einstein's field equations by removing the approximations introduced in the Schwarzschild metric derivation. Both match observation better than the Schwarzschild metric and show why Einstein did not believe in black holes. The metric derived directly from Einstein's early gravitational study, predicts the torus shape shown in the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration image. In showing the physics involved, this study suggests it is easier to understand the complexities of his work.
MECHANISM OF GRAVITATION, AND HOW DOES THE DARK ENERGY WORK
Gravitational forces as well as electromagnetic forces of attraction are generated by an asymmetry of impulses put on the receptive object by microcorpuscules (elons) of the surrounding ethereal medium; and in this aspect the creative mechanisms of the both, base themselves on the principles firstly proposed by Fatio in 1690 and Le Sage in 1748. Atoms and molecules of the gravitational action generative object behave as sources of gravitational forces. Gravitational action is spread by its generative object in all radial directions and does not depend on the availability on its way of any receptive objects. Carriers of the gravitational action are graviton waves that can also be named gravitons, and that are created in atoms and molecules of the surface layer of the gravitational action generative object. Graviton waves are created in atoms and molecules because the elons, which push their electrons towards the nuclei rebound from them while losing a part of their initial energy and acquiring a velocity component directed in the electrons' motion direction. The said way of the rebounded electrons' motion provokes creation in the space surrounding the respective atom or molecule of zones free of elons that might otherwise radiate from the atom or molecule. The said zones have form of Archimedean spirals located in the electrons' orbital plane and originating in the respective atom or molecule center, the turns of the spirals moving in space off their origins with the speed of light. During the interaction of a graviton wave with the receptive object, the last under the action of the elons pushing it from the side opposite to the generative object receives from them an unbalanced impulse pushing it to the generative object. The action of the graviton wave generated by an atom or molecule is of a periodic nature, which the periodicity coincides with that of the electrons' rotation. The pushing of the orbital electrons towards the atomic or molecular nuclei and shaping their trajectories into circular or elliptical orbits occur under the action of the so called electromagnetic forces initiated by the elons bombarding them from the side opposite to the direction toward the nucleus of the respective atom or molecule; the work consumed on bending the trajectories being made on the expenses of the "dark energy", i.e. the kinematic energy of the ethereal medium. The pushing of the astronomic objectsreceptors of the gravitational action, e.g. the planets of the solar system towards the generators of this action, e.g. the Sun and shaping their trajectories into circular or elliptical orbits occur under the action of the gravitational forces initiated by the elons bombarding them from the side opposite to the direction toward the Sun; the work consumed on bending the trajectories being also made on the expenses of the "dark energy", i.e. the kinematic energy of the ethereal medium.
Gravity, the origin of the mass in the Cosmos
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The most accepted theory for the evolution of the Cosmos is the Big Bang theory, which suggests that, at the beginning, the entire mass-energy of the Cosmos was concentrated within an extremely small, dense and hot singularity. Here, we present a new physical formula that, although obtained in an extremely simple way, has significant implications in Cosmology. This equation indicates that the mass of the Cosmos has grown proportionally with time. This growth equates to a Planck mass for each unit of Planck Time, which is, the mass of 200000 suns per second. Finally the total energy of the Cosmos is demonstrated to be zero.
The Einstein equation and the energy density of the gravitational field
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The cause of gravity—a concept
Physics Essays, 2012
The concept of gravity proposed by this article is based on the proposition that a subatomic substance called aether permeates space and all cosmic bodies that occupy space. The concept posits that aether flows from space into cosmic bodies and, at the same time, aether or its constituent particles, collectively ''aether,'' is expelled out of cosmic bodies into space. The movement of aether exerts ram pressure on any matter in its path. The ram pressure exerted by aether that flows into cosmic bodies is greater than the ram pressure produced by aether that is expelled into space. The difference between incoming and outgoing ram pressure is the force of gravity. The process is cyclic and never ending. Spatial aether possesses internal energy and this internal energy drives the flow of aether into cosmic bodies. Incoming aether impacts upon cosmic bodies and the impacts generate energy in the form of heat. This heat causes the expulsion of resident aether from cosmic bodies. The expulsion of aether lowers the density of the aether that is left behind, and spatial aether flows into the lower-density aether. Expelled aether proceeds into space, where it regenerates the supply and the energy of spatial aether. Aether that flows into the Sun is derived from a catchment area that extends well beyond the area occupied by the solar system. Thus, as aether moves toward the Sun, it encounters the planets en route, pushing them in the direction of the Sun.
Modern physics is facing a profound conundrum. Gravity is a fundamental force of nature, nevertheless, there is no theory, among many proposed, that can explain satisfactorily the origin of gravity. In addition, there are two major theories in modern physics: general relativity and quantum physics. Each of these theories has been proven to be correct with high confidence. Yet, no theory which combines both has been found. Specifically, quantum physics does not relate to gravity, whereas gravity is a profound parameter in general relativity. A theory that tries to unify the theories is quantum gravity. Quantum gravity hypothesizes that gravity may arise from quantum phenomena. However, there is no accepted answer. I claim that gravity is the residual (or leftover) of the strong force that is confined inside nucleons. In other words, gravity originates from the strong force. In my answer I relate also to the profound open question: Why is gravity, which is involved in the structure of our entire universe, so much weaker than the other fundamental forces?
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2020
The paper belongs to the sphere of quantum physics, physics of waves and physical fields, in particular-to the gravitation. Their study provides a better understanding of the problems of natural sciences at all levels, from elementary particles, to Universe as a whole. Therefore, the solution of these problems is an urgent and important task, which to the works of many generations of scientists of the world was dedicated. However, they have not been fully resolved. In well-known works, including general relativity, determination of the wave and energy parameters of the gravitational field of the Universe and their numerical values are absent. Solutions found are limited to tensor equations of a general form, which allows their interpretation of over a wide range. Other disadvantages of famous models are: 1) the voluminous world of the Universe reduced to the planes on which space objects and other objects move, sagging planes due to their own mass; 2) signs of "top" and "bottom" of the system, which are not in the real Universe, just as they are not on Earth and not in the Solar system; 3) the formation of "voids" between the object and the curved space and others. Main goals of the work to identify these contradictions and find ways to resolve them are performed. The main difference and the scientific novelty of the work performed are the justification of the gravity model based on a rigorous determination of the wave and energy parameters of the gravitational field of the Universe and their numerical values. The initial parameters of this worked-is the frequency oscillation ν G of the waves of the gravitational field (Nastasenko's constant) found in 2011. Research Results: Knowing ν G can find all wave parameters of the gravitational field and their numerical values. The proposed new spatial-wave model of the action of gravity is based on the wave parameters of the gravitational fields of material objects. In the framework of their unity with electromagnetic fields, it reduces their structures to similar ones and eliminates the How to cite this paper: Nastasenko, V. (2020) Analysis of the Processes of Gravity in the Framework of Curvature of Space and the Substantiation of the New Model.
We give a fully covariant energy momentum stress tensor for the gravitational field which is easily physically and intuitively motivated, and which leads to a very general derivation of the Einstein equation for gravity. We do not need to assume any property of the source matter fields' energy momentum stress tensor other than symmetry. We give a physical motivation for this choice using laser light pressure. As a consequence of our derivation, the energy momentum stress tensor for the total source matter fields must be divergence free, when spacetime is 4 dimensional. Moreover, if the total source matter fields are assumed to be divergence free, then either the spacetime is of dimension 4 or the spacetime has constant scalar curvature. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) : 83C05, 83C40, 83C99.