Mattia D'Acri - New observations on the Sybaritide between 510 and 444 BC (original) (raw)
Related papers
American Journal of Archaeology
Among the painted pottery types in the Levant during the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E., the "East Greek" class is especially conspicuous and usually assumed to have been produced in Ionia. This pottery is the subject of a comprehensive research project, examining it from typological, analytical, and other perspectives. Our conclusion is that the "East Greek" class comprises in fact several subgroups from various other parts of the Mediterranean. Here we discuss one of these groups, including mainly hydriai, table amphoras, and jugs, which we suggest were produced on Crete, specifically in the central part of the island. These are the first Cretan ceramics of this period attested anywhere off the island, and they provide the first hint that maritime routes then linked Crete with various eastern Mediterranean regions. This pottery can perhaps be understood as a proxy for the exchange of a wider array of commodities, a possibility addressed in the concluding section of this article. Since the conventional wisdom is that Crete was largely disconnected from the rest of the Mediterranean in the Classical period, both commercially and culturally, this discovery has important implications for Cretan history and more generally for tracing ancient Mediterranean interconnections. It also adds to our understanding of the ceramic repertoire of fifth-and fourth-century B.C.E. Crete, which is still rather poorly known. 1 introduction This article is the first fruit of an extensive research program, the aim of which was to reexamine the origin of the so-called East Greek decorated 1 The project was funded mainly by Israel Science Foundation (ISF) grant 570/09, which was awarded to Gilboa and Lehmann, and by ISF grants 209/14 and 237/14. Gilboa thanks the Goldhirsh-Yellin Foundation (Encino, Calif.) for their long-lasting support of Dor-related research. Parts of this study represent the results of Shalev's unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, "'The Mighty Grain-Lands'-Demographic and Economic Aspects of 'Southern Phoenicia' Under the Achaemenid Regime" (University of Haifa), which was supported by the University of Haifa and by a Nathan Rotenstreich scholarship. We are grateful to Elisa Chiara Portale and Maria Antonietta Rizzo, who studied the Gortyn pottery and made the analyses possible. We thank the staff of the research reactor of the Reactor Institute Delft, Delft University of Technology, for their technical support; Gerwulf Schneider and Małgorzata Daszkiewicz for the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis; and Paula Waiman-Barak for assisting with studying the fabrics and producing the thin-sections and the photomicrographs. Paula Perlman first opened our eyes to the significance of our finds, and Ilan Sharon, codirector of the Tel Dor Excavation Project, and Susan Rebecca Martin provided continuous collaboration and support. We thank our reviewers-Mark Lawall, Antonis Kotsonas, and a third, anonymous reviewer for the AJA-for their truly insightful comments and relevant references. ayelet gilboa et al. 560 [aja 121 ish Museum (Alexandra Villing); University College London (Rachael Sparks); and the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (Jack Green). Marie-Henriette Gates generously allowed us access to material from her excavations at Kinet Höyük. The relevant chrono-typological sequence at Kinet Höyük is currently being assessed. Provisional dates are as follows: period 6, the late seventh and early sixth century B.C.E.; period 5, sixth century B.C.E.; period 4, the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. (M.-H. Gates and G. Lehmann, pers. comm. 2016). 9 We deeply thank the Israel Antiquities Authority, especially Michael Saban and Deborah Ben-Ami, for allowing us to study and sample vessels stored in their collections. Further permissions to study, sample, and publish comparative material were granted to us by Ezra Marcus (Tel ʿAkko, Area F, in the framework of a project funded by the Shelby White and Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications); Avshalom Zemer and the National Maritime Museum at Haifa (Shiqmona); Samuel Wolff (Tel Megadim); Orit Tzuf (Jaffa); and Dan Master and Josh Wolton (Ashkelon). We thank them all. 10 Lehmann 2000.
This study, in three parts, addresses the problem of the beginning of the classical style—the so-called Severe Style—from an archaeological perspective, focusing on those sculptures found or allegedly found in Persian destruction contexts or directly associated with the Persian and Carthaginian invasions. Part 1, the present article, reexamines the 19th-century excavations of the Acropolis and argues that the style almost certainly did not predate the Persian invasion of 480–479 B.C.E. The only deposit that appears to be pure Perserschutt (uncontaminated de- struction debris from the Persian sack) contained only archaic material. The remaining deposits are all later construction fills for the Kimonian/Periklean fortification project of ca. 467–430. The 15 Severe Style sculptures found in them can be shown to postdate the Athenian reoccupation of the citadel by as much as 40 years. Parts 2 and 3 will appear in forthcoming issues of the AJA. Part 2 reexamines deposits from elsewhere in Athens and Attica, in the Aphaia sanctuary at Aigina, and on Sicily, with similar results. Part 3 summarizes current theories about the origins and meaning of the Severe Style; examines the trend toward austerity in Late Archaic Greece, suggesting that the Tyrannicides of Kritios and Nesiotes (477/6) indeed inaugurated the Severe Style; and proposes that the theory that it was somehow occasioned by the Greek victories of 480–479 is worth reconsidering.
Eurydice Kefalidou (Ed.), , 2022
Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology, 2018 - Volume 6: The Riverlands of Aegean Thrace / River Valleys and Regional Economies The papers of this volume address topics such as the reconfiguration of ancient river routes, the settlement and exploitation patterns that were formed around them, the boundaries of the chora of various cities, towns, villages and farmsteads, and the communication or the tensions between different groups that moved or expanded beyond their original habitation zone due to environmental and/or economic reasons. Panels 2.4 and 2.7 explore multiple facets of some Central and Eastern Mediterranean riverlands.
Charalambidou, X. & Morgan, M. (eds.), Interpreting the Seventh Century BC: Tradition and Innovation, Oxford, 2017
and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? 17. Conservatism versus innovation: architectural forms in early Archaic Greece ��������������������������������������������173 Alexander Mazarakis Ainian 18. Fortifications in the seventh century. Where and why? ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������186 Rune Frederiksen 19. Corinthian sanctuaries and the question of cult buildings���������������������������������������������������������������������������������193 Catherine Morgan 20. Achaian interaction and mobility in the area of the Corinthian Gulf during the seventh century BC ���212 Anastasia Gadolou 21. The sanctuaries of Herakles and Apollo Ismenios at Thebes: new evidence���������������������������������������������������221 Vassilis Aravantinos 22. A group of small vases with Subgeometric-early Archaic decoration from the sanctuary of Herakles at Thebes �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������231 Kyriaki Kalliga 23. Cult in Attica. The case of the sanctuary of Artemis Mounichia �����������������������������������������������������������������������245 Lydia Palaiokrassa-Kopitsa 24. Athenian burial practices and cultural change: the Rundbau early plot in the Kerameikos cemetery revisited �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������260 Anna Maria D'Onofrio 25. Special burial treatment for the 'heroized' dead in the Attic countryside. The case of the elite cemetery of Vari ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������281 Alexandra Alexandridou 26. Cumae in Campania during the seventh century BC ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������293 Matteo D'Acunto 27. Cultural dynamics in the seventh-century Sibaritide (Southern Italy) ������������������������������������������������������������330 Jan Kindberg Jacobsen, Sine Grove Saxkjaer and Gloria Paola Mittica 28. From innovation to tradition: seventh-century Sicily ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������339 Gillian Shepherd 29. An early orientalizing spouted krater from Naxos on Sicily �������������������������������������������������������������������������������349 Maria Costanza Lentini 30. The city of Mende during the late eighth and seventh centuries BC ����������������������������������������������������������������355 Sophia Moschonissioti 31. Panhellenes at Methone, Pieria (c. 700 BC): new inscriptions, graffiti/dipinti, and (trade)marks ����������364 Yannis Tzifopoulos, Manthos Bessios and Antonis Kotsonas 32. Frontiers in seventh-century epigraphy: aspects of diffusion and consolidation ����������������������������������������375 Alan Johnston 33. Skilled in the Muses' lovely gifts: lyric poetry and the rise of the community in the seventh-century Aegean ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������382
Punta di Zambrone I. 1200 BCE - a Time of Breakdown, a Time of Progress in Southern Italy and Greece, 2021
The Plain of Sybaris, in northeastern Calabria, is one of the most important regions in Italy where it is possible to study the interactions between local people and Aegean-area traders and craftsmen in the Middle and Late Bronze Age. The combined use of systematic archaeological and archaeometric analyses, carried out especially on pottery from Broglio di Trebisacce and Torre Mordillo, has been fundamental for the investigation into the development of a local production of Mycenaean-type pottery. This Italo-Mycenaean production is oriented towards tableware that is often organised in sets of drinking vessels. There is no doubt that this is a specialised type of pottery production; one of the most controversial and challenging issues is how to connect the development of this specialised craftsmanship to the general organisation of local communities. Many studies concerning the introduction of technological novelties and craft specialisation, especially in the field of pottery production, propose that they arose not for practical or techno-economical convenience but for symbolic and social reasons connected to demand from the elite. It therefore seems necessary to analyse the phenomenon of Italo-Mycenaean pottery-and other Aegean-inspired wares-within a discussion which takes into account the political economy of local communities .
CERAMICS AND THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ACHAEMENID HORIZON
R. BoucharlatBoucharlat, R. Keynote, in G. Maresca, F. Raino, B. Genito, The Achaemenid Horizon in the Light of Ceramic Data: Production-related Issues and Cultural Interactions from the Ancient Near East to Central Asia, Napoli: 219-231., 2019
Iran when we both worked on the late Preislamic periods, Ernie preparing his PhD on the pottery of the Parthian period. For more than four decades we exchanged so frequently, and co-published a lot. His untimely death of my dear friend in 2016 at 67, while he was still producing a lot, was a great loss for all of us: one of the foremost specialists in the archaeology of Iran of every periods and in study of the late Preislamic periods of the Persian Gulf. Remy Boucharlat MAURIZIO TOSI Maurizio Tosi possessed a truly extraordinary and rare gift: that of being in tune with whoever he had dealings with, from emeritus of academics to the humblest of humans. Maurizio always wanted to share the joys and pains of his existence and that of othersoften to the point of sidestepping the categories of good and evil, which many were never able to forgive him. Unfortunately, the last chapters of Maurizio's life were marked by extremely painful difficulties. We now know how, in many of the last moments of his life, his strength of spirit and his faith in life prevailed over the internal demons that so often beset him. Farewell, Maurizio, wherever you might be.
I will briefly summarise part of the wider research conducted on colonial pottery coming from the urban settlements of Sybaris, Kroton and Kaulonia and dated between the second half of the 8th and the end of the 6th centuries BC. The need to conduct a comparative analysis of the archeological documentation of these three centres is consistent with the current research directions in this field; this was the way in which research was conducted by D. Mertens on architectural systems, J. N. Coldstream on some pottery productions and F. Croissant on terracotta figurines, just to name a few examples. This kind of approach is clearly imposed by the very nature of the Achaean colonial phenomenon that overall is very uniform in terms of times, places and structuring modalities. As is well-known, Kroton, Sybaris and Kaulonía were founded in rapid chronological sequence and in narrow geographical contiguity by Greek people who themselves had come from adjacent sites of Eastern Achaea. These fundamental observations, however, have constituted an essential methodological starting point, a sort of ‘state of the art,’ for the present study — as I hope to demonstrate, the results achieved clearly show that the production of ceramics in Achaean colonies is linked to a wide range of Greek manufactures, from those of the motherland to the ones recognised directly in South Italy and, on the contrary, has very little to do with the common origin of the apoikoi. In this way, the proposed research could, therefore, represent a basis from which to develop an exhaustive and homogeneous classification of pottery production in Magna Graecia, still lacking at present. The following chapter will start with an extremely concise overview of the contexts of provenance of the finds, continue with a discussion of the different pottery classes, and conclude with some brief, general observations.