Yuri B. Tsetlin. Gentes groups in the structure of Neolithic cultures of the Central Russian Plain (original) (raw)
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The south of Middle Siberia favored by special geographical position as well as landscape and climate's situation, formed a particular agglomerate of cultural communities in the Neolithic. Its traces are clearly followed in funeral and site complexes. By analyzing burial grounds several funeral traditions were identified: those of Kitoi (and close to this area), Isakovo, Serovo (and late Serovo) and the Archaic group. Based on the studies of multilayer sites, there are five pottery «layers» (plasty). Their characteristics are examined in a very detailed way. With the help of the morphological studies it is proposed to identify two types of Neolithic pottery in the pottery stratum with the netimpressed. The Isakovo net-impressed pottery is typologically different from one of the Early Neolithic. The dotted-comb layer includes two types of pottery: pottery with dots, crests and pothole indentations (finds localized in Angara Region) and vessels of Serovo culture. Other pottery layer include: two cord-impressed types – Khaita, Posolsk and Ust-Belaia type. It was identified one type that is closed to Ust’-Belaia type with the netimpressed types called Aplinskaya pottery. Most ancient pottery of the region (judging by radiocarbon analysis) is the net-impressed and Khaita pottery of the Early Neolithic (7800–5500 BP). In the Middle Neolithic in southern part of Middle Siberia the Posol’sk (6900–4100 BP) and Ust’-Belaia (6600–4100 BP) pottery types are spread. The dotted pottery as well as the Serovo and Isakovo cultury pottery is dated between 5200–4300 BP. The Aplinskaya pottery dating is to be determined.
Cultural Dynamics of Southern Part Middle Siberia in the Neolithic Based on the Pottery Study
In the South of Middle Siberia in the Neolithic a certain agglomerate of cultural communities has been formed. The studies of recent years have allowed to make substantial changes in the cultural and chronological concept of the Neolithic in the region. According to the results of multi-layer sites there were dedicated several types of pottery: Early net-impressed, Posol'skaya, Khaita, Ust-Belaya, Isakovo net-impressed, Dottedcomb, Serovo and Aplinskaya net-impressed pottery. The oldest in the region are the Early net-impressed and Khaita pottery, that appears in the early stages of Atlantic Holocene. In the Middle Neolithic is widely distributed Posol'skaya and Ust- Belaya type. In the late Neolithic fixed an appearance of Isakovo, Dotted-comb, Serovo and Aplinskaya pottery. There is a gradual and continuous development of Neolithic cultures in direct contact with each other. In the contact zones – the Middle Yenisei, North Angara and Baikal – based on ceramic complexes there are shown mixture of cultural components and traditions.
Question of the cultural identity early Neolithic systems with flat-bottomed cookware, decorated in the art pinned of Mari Volga is considered. The author identifies a number of problems of the Middle Volga Neolithic process: 1 – whether to serve as a cultural and chronological sign silt and clay materials, 2 – the problem of establishing the lower limit of the Neolithic process, 3 – the role of social factors in Neolithic process, 4 – issue of isolation of culture determines signs, 5 – the role of the primary source, 6 – issue of the original allocation of Early Neolithic (Dubovskaya and Оtarskaya) culture. Conclusion: Based on a comprehensive analysis of the material culture of the carriers of flat-bottomed cookware with stroke-ornamented decor of Mari lowlands Dubovskay and otarskaya culture is allocated, that is kinship of Samara and the Upper Volga, genetically related to the forest-steppe elshanskiy formation.
The Neolithic of the Russian Far East and Neighboring East Asia: Definition, Chronology, and Origins
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 2011
The exact definition of the term "Neolithic" is discussed and the spatio-temporal coordinates of the main Neolithic-related phenomena in greater East Asia, pottery and cultivation of plants and animal husbandry, are presented. In this part of Eurasia, pottery-making preceded agriculture by several millennia. Pottery may be accepted as the major criterion of the Neolithic epoch in the hunter-fisher-gatherer continuum of East Asian prehistory. This situation differs from that in the Near East, where plant and animal husbandry developed before the emergence of pottery, and Europe, where pottery and agriculture appeared almost simultaneously. Thus, today, three main trajectories for Neolithisation may be defined in Eurasia. The ultimate reason for the origin of pottery in East Asia remains unclear.
The paper presents the results of a complex radiocarbon analysis of the Neolithic pottery, including its radiocarbon dating and a comparative analysis of data on pottery technologies used by the Neolithic population of the Lower and Middle Volga Region. The research is based on the data of the technological analysis of more than 4,000 pottery samples from 125 Neolithic and Eneolithic sites located in the studied region. Radiocarbon dates were obtained for more than 300 samples of the Neolithic vessels, and then the absolute dates were checked against radiocarbon analysis of other materials (bone, charcoal, charred organic remains). These data are then used to question the time of appearance of the early ceramic traditions in this region and their spread, and also to consider the mixing of culturally different groups of the ancient population in the Volga Region. В статье представлены результаты комплексного исследования неолитической керамики, включающего ее радиоуглеродное датирование и сравнительный анализ данных по гончарной технологии неолитического населения Нижнего и Среднего Поволжья. Источниковую базу исследования составили данные технико-технологического анализа более 4000 образцов керамики из 125 памятников неолита и энеолита изучаемого региона. Радиоуглеродному датированию было подвергнуто более 300 образцов сосудов эпохи неолита, с проверкой полученных абсолютных дат на основании радиоуглеродного анализа других материалов (кость, уголь, нагар). На основе этих данных рассмотрены вопросы времени появления ранних керамических традиций в данном регионе, динамики их распространении, а также процессы смешения различных в культурном отношении групп древнего населения Поволжья.
Сhronology of early Neolithic materials of the site Sakhtysh IIa (Central Russia)
Documenta Praehistorica
The Upper Volga culture (UVC) in the Volga and Oka basin is one of the earliest pottery cultures in Eastern Europe. The Sakhtysh IIa site is attributed to the core area of the UVC, with pottery encompassing all stages of this culture. A detailed analysis of artefact deposition in different layers allows the creation of chronological models of early pottery development in this region. A series of new radiocarbon dates of food crust on pottery sherds which typologically belong to different stages of UVC at Sakhtysh IIa, as well as an overview of the oldest pottery are presented in this article.
Rethinking Neolithic Societies: New Perspectives on Social Relations, Political Organization and Cohabitation, 2023
Investigations of the first pottery production in the Dniester-Dnieper region are the most thrilling enquiries into the Ukrainian Neolithic. The appearance of the new production technology was one of the important features of Neolithic societies. Like the transition of the economy from gathering and hunting to the first forms of agriculture and cattle-breeding, the production of the ceramic vessels did not take place within all the territories in the same way. The adaptation of ceramic production and its transference from one community to another followed processes of migration and cross-influence between the Neolithic groups in the region. By adopting a broad stylistic classification and examining local variants, we can trace directions of the spatial mobility of Neolithic communities. In this article, we talk about the styles of ceramics in the region between the Dniester and the Dnieper, as well as the collection of ceramics from the burial sites of Lysa Hora and Mariupol, to trace the mobility and cultural ties in the region.