A low-cost PV Emulator for testing MPPT algorithm (original) (raw)
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This paper presents a study of a low-cost photovoltaic (PV) emulator to test the real implementation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. This PV emulator is composed of a variable DC supply in series with a variable resistor; it is based on the maximum power transfer theorem in order to provide a curve that exhibits a peak which can be tracked by an MPPT algorithm. Moreover, this emulator can be used to test the performance of the MPPT algorithm under fast variation of the solar irradiance and temperature. For this reason, the P&O MPPT algorithm with a boost DC-DC converter is used in order to validate the functionality of the PV emulator. Finally, the experimental results show that our PV emulator can provide a simple, efficient and low-cost way for users (researchers, engineers, students, etc.) to test and validate their MPPT algorithms.
Low Cost PV Emulator Design for Assessment of Maximum Power Point Tracking Schemes
Power electronics engineers frequently use PV emulators to examine various maximum power point technique (MPPT) schemes, dc/dc converters or inverters etc. The emulators existing in the marketplace are often costly, so a low cost PV emulator will of great help for the researchers to perform basic study on PV systems. This paper presents a novel low cost PV module emulator that will be very helpful to work in the labs using predefined PV conditions, thus evading the shortcomings (i.e. fluctuations due to changing atmospheric conditions) of real PV sources modules. The proposed emulator consists of DC source as input, a current source in parallel with a diode to realise a simplest equivalent circuit of a PV module. This emulator can have settings to vary the insolation as well as temperature i.e. short circuit current and open circuit voltage respectively. As a test event, a 30W PV emulator is designed and presented. Its current source consists of 01 diode, 03 transistors, 08 differen...
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 2015
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) array is an enormous source of green energy generation. Low efficiency and high cost is the great challenge of the solar systems. Various power electronic converter and algorithms are design to mitigate this challenge, Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm is one of them. In this paper a proposed algorithm is implemented through DC-DC converter. This proposed algorithm allows the PV array to work at its highest efficiency. Results from experiments show that the proposed MPPT algorithm improves overall system efficiency which is 89.37% higher compared to non MPPT system. To maximize the efficiency of the PV panel from zero to the maximum output, the entire range of the duty cycle needs to be used for the implementation of the proposed MPPT algorithm. In addition to this, a microcontroller based control system has been used in this work.
Real time simulation of MPPT algorithms for PV energy system
Solar panels have a nonlinear voltage-current characteristic, with a distinct maximum power point (MPP), which depends on the environmental factors, such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature. In order to increase the power extracted from the solar panel, it is necessary to operate the photovoltaic (PV) system at the maximum power point (MPP). In this paper a novel maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT) method based on current perturbation algorithm (CPA) with a variable perturbation step and fractional short circuit current algorithm (FSCC) to determine an optimum operating current. An experimental comparative study of these maximum power point tracking methods using dSPACE is presented in this article. The effectiveness of proposed algorithm in terms of dynamic performance and improved stability is validated by detailed simulation and experimental studies. Introduction Electricity production using non-conventional energy (oil, gas,. . .) leads to the depletion of its reserves and intensifies the release of greenhouse gases and thus the pollution of the atmosphere resulting climate change. Faced with these alarming consequences, it was necessary to consider the development of alternative energy called renewable energy sources. Solar energy is considered today as one of the most useful sources of renewable energy, because it is relatively less polluted and maintenance, an inexhaustible source, free and superabun-dant, looks very promising, available in every country and every day. The disadvantage of the solar energy is that the sun doesn't shine 24 h a day, when the sun goes down or is heavily shaded, solar PV panels stop producing electricity. In addition, solar energy conversion efficiency into electrical energy is very low especially in low radiation areas. Because of the non-linear relationship between the current and the voltage of the photovoltaic cell, it can be observed that there is a unique maximum power point (MPP) at a particular environment , and this peak power point keeps changing with solar irradi-ance and ambient temperature [1]. Therefore, monitoring of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is an essential part of the photovoltaic (PV) system to ensure that the power converters operate at maximum power point (MPP) of the solar panel. Many MPPT algorithms have been developed in [2,3]. These algorithms differ from each other in terms of number of the sensors used, complexity, and cost to implement the algorithm. The goal of all major MPPT algorithms is how to reach the maximum power quickly, with accuracy and especially reduce the disturbance around the MPP. Each algorithm can be categorized based on the type of the control variable it uses: (1) voltage; (2) current; or (3) duty cycle [4]. Among the more popular ones are perturb and observe (P&O) [5,6], incremental conductance (INC) [7], fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) [8] and fractional short-circuit current (FSCC) [9]. In the P&O method, a small perturbation (step size) is applying to control parameter and measures the PV array output power before and after the perturbation. If the power increases, the algorithm continues to perturb the system in the same direction; otherwise, the system is perturbed in the opposite direction. In the INC method, operation point of module is determined which side of MPP by derivation of power to voltage and then, this point towards to MPP via tuning duty cycle. Both methods are working effectively under uniform irradiance because of only one MPP formed in this condition [10]. However, both P&O and INC methods always produce power loss oscillations around MPP in static weather and did not perform well during rapid changing of atmospheric conditions because of the MPP point vary with irradi-ance level and temperature. Fast-changing solar irradiation level has a significant impact on the electrical characteristics than the temperature which usually changes quite slowly during the day, so that the temperature is often considered constant. Therefore, the effect of temperature on photovoltaic module performance is often neglected.
Simplified PV Module Simulator With MPPT
This project proposes a simplified PV module simulator with MPPT. The PV model is designed in Matlab/Simulink based on various mathematical equations. This paper explains the use of MPPT technique in a photovoltaic system. The MPPT is implemented by incremental conductance or perturbation and observation methods. The overall system is designed, developed and validated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK
Design of a Low-Cost PV Emulator Applied for PVECS
Electronics, 2019
Applied tests on a real photovoltaic panel for a consolidated analysis require complex experiment setup and permanent availability of climatic conditions. This method is ineffective and can damage the PV system. As a result, PV emulators are highly requested in solar energy conversion and generation research, which rests essentially on a maximum power point tracking control algorithm (MPPT) and an adapting power stage as the DC-DC converter and PV inverter. The PV emulator guarantees a controllable light source environment to act as a real PV system in the laboratory. This paper deals with the study and development of an experimental PV emulator based on logarithmic approximation of the ideal single diode model (ISDM), which is implemented using analog electronic components. Mainly, the PV model, the controller, and the power stages, forming the PV emulator, are described. This simple, low-cost, and efficient device is considered as a nonlinear power supply template replacing the re...