Development of particle reinforced composite by plastic and e-waste (original) (raw)
Related papers
Short Glass Fiber Filled Waste Plastic (PE) Composites: Studies on Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 2008
Plastics used in the form of carry bags, pouches, sheets and various other shapes discarded into the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a major concern of environmental pollution these days. In India synthetic textiles from the garment industry and from the rubber industry also goes to the MSW stream. The objective of this paper is to combine the stiffness and strength of the short synthetic fi bers with the waste polyethylene matrix to form useful products. In this study glass fi bers have been chosen from the tyre industry and chopped to short fi bers before mixing with waste plastics. The composites of Short glass fi ber (GF) reinforced Waste Polyethylene (WPE) and neat High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) were prepared separately by melt-mixing technique in a Brabender plasticorder under optimum process conditions. Physico-mechanical properties of the composites at different fi ber loadings were determined using standard methods. Thermal stability of the composites was determined using a thermo gravimetric analyzer. It was observed that the strength properties improved with the fi ber loading up to 50 wt% of the short glass fi bers; beyond which it reduced due to dilution effect. The effect of Maleic anhydride (MAH) grafting onto the waste polyethylene improved the fi ber-matrix adhesion signifi cantly. The effect of Ethylene methacrylic acid (EMA) copolymer as a matrix modifi er improves the adhesion with the glass fi bers. The Waste Polyethylene composites were compared with those of neat HDPE glass fi ber reinforced composites, for its strength and thermal stability. Thermal stability of the composites improved as expected. The results were supplemented by fracture studies by SEM.
IJISRT, 2017
The objective of this work is to investigate the Tensile properties of Non recyclable waste plastics particulate reinforced unsaturated polyester composite. Waste plastic particulates of particle sizes 1, 2, 3 mm were embedded into the unsaturated polyester resin to produce a composite. The specimens were made at 20, 30 and 40% weight percentages of the particulate filler in polyester matrix. Tensile tests were conducted on prepared samples of the composite material as per ASTM standards. Hand layup process was used for composite making. In this work the process parameters such as percentage composition of filler, percentage of catalyst addition (Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide) and particulate size were defined by Taguchi method. The influence of the process parameters on tensile properties of the composite was optimized and regression equation was also formed using ANOVA. For the optimization process, MINITAB 17 software is utilized. The results showed that the tensile strength of the composite with 30% waste plastic reinforcement, 1.2% catalyst addition and 1mm particulate size was maximum. The composite could be considered for applications in areas were a better tensile and light weight material is required. Also this can be a good solution for converting waste plastics into useful products without any toxic emissions which are the main sources of air pollution [1] [6].
The electronic products has grabbed the major role in this century. These products has made our life comfortable as well as luxurious. The overuse of these product leads to make them unserviceable ultimately results into the scrap material. The major part of these e-waste is coming from the printed circuit boards (PCB) and polymer cabinets. E-waste is having lot of heavy metals which are extremely harmful for the ecosystem. Thus there is an urgent need of promising solution to mitigate the problem of e-waste generation. The recycling of e-waste not only reduced the use of virgin resources but also helps to reduce environmental pollution. This paper states about the utilization of PCB in the ash form as a reinforcement in LDPE polymer matrix for the composite fabrication. The hot press machine is exclusively used for the fabrication purpose. The process involved the variation of various percentage of e-waste ash. In this study we have evaluated different mechanical properties such as tensile strength, compression strength and hardness for different percentage of PCB ash.
International Journal of Polymer Science, 2021
After primary uses of the plastic product, most developing countries like Ethiopia are facing a shortage of postconsumer disposal waste sites and it became a very serious problem on environmental pollution due to its nonbiodegradable nature. For this reason, regenerating and using the waste product as resources and reducing environmental pollutions are a great opportunity. This research is aimed at the manufacturing of composite materials from waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles reinforced with glass fibers and filled with waste glass powder for floor tile applications. The tile composites were prepared by the melt-mixing method followed by compression molding. The effect of filler, fiber, and PET matrix loading on the composite was investigated using their tensile, compression, and flexural strength tests. The sample was characterized using a universal testing machine. PerkinElmer FTIR instrument was also used. For this, eleven samples prepared by varying the glass fiber weight % from 0 to 10, PET matrix weight % from 70 to 85, and glass powder filler weight % from 5 to 20. The measurement results of the composite were maximum tensile strength (81.625 MPa) and flexural strength (1067.59 MPa) recorded at 10%weight of glass fiber, 85% weight of PET matrix, and 5%weight of window glass filler. The maximum compressive strength is 1876.14 MPa at 10% weight glass fiber, 70 wt% PET matrix, and 20 wt% window glass filler. Based on this, the tensile strength and flexural strength increased with increased weight % of glass fiber and decreased with increased window glass filler. The FTIR spectrum shows some of the groups that have been removed from the recycled PET; this explains the brittleness of the recycled PET as compared to the waste bottle PET. The microstructure was uniformly distributed, and the material became opaque, probably because the decrease in chain length improves chain packing, increasing the crystallinity degree and crystal size.
Waste reuse is subject to an increasing amount of research aimed at reducing the negative impact of such material on the environment. This study explores the possibility of using plastic waste as reinforcement in composite materials. A family of materials was developed using an unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) organic matrix and various mineral fillers (marble powder, expanded perlite, sand, etc.), potentially allowing their use in wall and floor coverings and as raw materials in the manufacture of traditional ceramic tables. Selected mechanical properties of these materials were verified, including flexural strength, tensile strength, and density. The results demonstrate the role of reinforcement in oriented fibers or matt fabric in improving the mechanical properties of the materials. Flexural strength is improved via reinforcement in the form of random or woven plastic fibers (32.44 MPa). However, the use of expanded perlite as a filler results in a lower mechanical strength (31.16 MPa) than marble powder or sand because of its friability.
Prediction of mechanical properties of composites with recycled particles
Mechanics of Composite Materials, 1995
Every year more than 1 million tons of glass fiber reinforced plastics are produced in Europe. SMC (sheet moulding compound) and BMC (bulk moulding compound) constitute the largest group of reinforced plastics. Typical SMC material consists of 25 % thermosetting resin and 75 % fillers (calcium carbonate and glass fibers). Due to the evident advantages in processing and design engineering, SMC have found many applications, first of all in automotive and electrotechnical industries.
Study of Polymeric Composite Reinforced with Natural Particles: Measurement and Evaluation
Lavoisier, 2022
Natural particles and their composites are important in materials science, where a significant attentiveness is being displayed in the usage of natural particles as reinforcement in polymer composites. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the walnut shell particles as reinforcing fillers in a matrix composite. So, the amount composite examples were advanced through varying the percentage by weight of filler (3, 5, 7, and 9%) in an epoxy and unsaturated polyester polymer. Composite samples were mechanically characterized by tensile tests, flexural tests, hardness tests, and the Izod impact test. The tensile strength and impact strength of epoxy resin were increased after adding organic waste filler. The highest values of tensile strength and impact strength happened at 7% wt. The flexural strength and hardness of shore D increased with the percentage of walnut shell particles. The highest values of flexural strength and hardness were found at 9% wt. The results show that the mechanical properties of epoxy composite are better than the mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester composite when walnut shell particles are added.
Construction and Building Materials, 2010
Fiber reinforced mineral matrix composites have been used increasingly, through the last few decades, to build lightweight and thin structures, and to repair or strengthen old and damaged buildings. However, the reinforcing efficiency of these composites is limited by the low penetrability of cement particles into the space between the inner filaments, leading to a decrease in the composite's mechanical performance due to the low yarnmatrix bond. To improve this bond, multifilament yarns are usually subjected to wet-process pre-impregnation using mineral or organic powders. However, this method is long, poorly controlled, and can be used only in the prefabrication field. The objective of this work is to compare this conventional pre-impregnation method with an alternative method called dryprocess pre-impregnation which allows the production of large-size building elements in site. It is based on an alternating electrostatic field used to impregnate yarns with powder. Classical tensile tests were used to characterize glass yarn/ettringitic matrix composites, and completed by microstructure observations. Three configurations were tested: a dry yarn (D), a yarn pre-impregnated using the wet process (PIW) with ettringitic matrix particles, and a yarn pre-impregnated using the dry process (PID) with three different types of powders. Two composite reinforcement rates are investigated and their effect on the result is discussed. Mechanical and microscopic characterizations shed light on the effect of the pre-impregnation processes. It was found that the tensile behavior of the composite depends on the pre-impregnation method, pre-impregnation powder and reinforcement rate.
The effects of glass powder on some mechanical properties of engineering thermoplastics
Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 2007
The manufacture of composite materials based on plastics using fillers such as glass fibre, carbon black and wood dust is done to impart better properties or/and to reduce the cost of material. In this study, glass powder was used as a filler in four engineering plastics, namely, Nylon 6, Nylon 66, Polybutylene terephthalate and Polyarylamide. Mixing of glass powder and polymers was achieved by melt blending using a twin-screw extruder. Properties such as tensile properties, flexural properties, mould shrinkage, thermal expansion and specific gravity were ascertained using injection-moulded samples. It was found that glass powder can be mixed effectively with the above four plastics. The desirable effects of mixing of glass powder with the four thermoplastics was evident by the significant improvement of some properties. The composites of polyarylamide showed more desirable properties indicating high compatibility.
Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics, 2020
Particles are becoming increasingly popular reinforcing elements in products made by injection molding. Particles reinforcement allows the thermoplastic to be processed employing the same methods as those used for unreinforced thermoplastic. Ultrafine particles, whose diameters are comparable to the crystalline regions in the polymer, have a prominent reinforcing effect on the elastic properties of the polymer. Small particles adhere strongly to the polymer, which leads to a strong reinforcing effect. In particle reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites, loads are not directly applied to the particles but are applied to the matrix, and some of the applied loads are transferred to the particles. The process of transfer of load between particles and matrix depends on the strength of the interface. In this work, multiparticle composite model was analyzed under tensile load. The purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of particle diameter (the diameters of 19.61, 26.15, 39.22 and 78.45 m were used) on the Von Mises stress of glass particle reinforced thermoplastic nylon 66 matrix composite using finite element analysis (FEA). The second objective is to analyze the effect of particle packing (square, hexagonal and random arrangement) on nanocomposite behavior.