Is insufficient sleep a noncommunicable disease? Insufficient Sleep Syndrome: Is it time to classify it as a major noncommunicable disease? THEORETICAL ESSAYS (original) (raw)
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Insufficient Sleep Syndrome: Is it time to classify it as a major noncommunicable disease?
Sleep Science, 2018
Over the last three to four decades, it has been observed that the average total number of hours of sleep obtained per night by normal individuals have decreased. Concomitantly, global figures indicate that insufficient sleep is associated with serious adverse health and social outcomes. Moreover, insufficient sleep has been linked to seven of the fifteen leading causes of death. Additionally, current evidence suggests that sleep plays a significant role in determining cognitive performance and workplace productivity. There is a great need for a systematic analysis of the economic impact of insufficient sleep, particularly given current evidence that this phenomenon, as well as the poor sleep hygiene practices which produce it, is increasing worldwide. This paper takes the view that health authorities around the world need to raise the general awareness of benefits of sleep. There is considerable scope for research into both the public health impact as well as the macroeconomic consequences of insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). Additionally, various models which estimate the undiagnosed burden of ISS on the GDP (gross domestic product) are needed to prioritize health issues and to highlight the national policies that are necessary to combat this medical problem. Sleep insufficiency has been declared to be a 'public health epidemic'; therefore, we propose ISS as a potential noncommunicable disease. This review elaborates on this topic further, exploring the causes and consequences of insufficient sleep, and thus providing a perspective on the policies that are needed as well as the research that will be required to support and justify these policies.
The Global Problem of Insufficient Sleep and Its Serious Public Health Implications
Healthcare
Good sleep is necessary for good physical and mental health and a good quality of life. Insufficient sleep is a pervasive and prominent problem in the modern 24-h society. A considerable body of evidence suggests that insufficient sleep causes hosts of adverse medical and mental dysfunctions. An extensive literature search was done in all the major databases for “insufficient sleep” and “public health implications” in this review. Globally, insufficient sleep is prevalent across various age groups, considered to be a public health epidemic that is often unrecognized, under-reported, and that has rather high economic costs. This paper addresses a brief overview on insufficient sleep, causes, and consequences, and how it adds to the existing burden of diseases. Insufficient sleep leads to the derailment of body systems, leading to increased incidences of cardiovascular morbidity, increased chances of diabetes mellitus, obesity, derailment of cognitive functions, vehicular accidents, a...
Int J Epidemiol. Author manuscript Page /1 7 Sleep epidemiology--a rapidly growing field
2015
The human body has adapted to daily changes in dark and light such that it anticipates periods of sleep and activity. Deviations from this circadian rhythm come with functional consequences. Thus, 17 hours of sustained wakefulness in adults leads to a decrease in performance equivalent to a blood alcohol-level of 0.05; the legal level for drink driving in many countries. Rats deprived of sleep % [1] [2] die after 32 days, and, with longer periods of sleep deprivation, this would also be the case in human beings. Indeed, sleep deprivation[3]
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2007
Sleep deprivation and medical disorders of sleep are common in today’s society and have significant public health implications. In this article, we address 3 specific issues related to the public health and safety consequences of sleep disorders. First, we review data that has linked sleep restriction to a variety of adverse physiologic and long-term health outcomes including all-cause mortality, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Second, we will review recent data that has demonstrated that therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (the most common respiratory disorder of sleep) is an extremely efficient use of healthcare resources (in terms of dollars spent per quality adjusted life year gained), and compares favorably with other commonly funded medical therapies. Finally, we will review data that illustrate the potential adverse patient and occupational safety impacts of the extreme work schedules of housestaff (physicians in training).
Insufficient Sleep Syndrome: A Blind Spot in Our Vision of Healthy Sleep
Cureus
Chronic sleep deficiency (CSD) poses a threat to physical health, mental well-being, and social functioning. The concept of behaviorally induced CSD has not changed much since it was first introduced four decades ago. Behaviorally induced CSD is currently referred to as insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). In the latest edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3, 2014), ISS is considered a disorder of central hypersomnolence with diagnostic codes ICD-9-CM 307.44 and ICD-10-CM F51.12. In this review, we will describe the biological importance of sleep, the ramifications of CSD on the individual and society, the nosological status and diagnostic features of ISS, and the apparent lack of attention to ISS in contemporary medical practice and public health programs. The last three decades have seen a global rise in voluntary sleep curtailment such that ISS may already be the leading cause of CSD, not only in adults but also in school-aged children and adolescents. Acknowledging ISS as a public health priority is a necessary first step in our response to the global threat of CSD and CSD-related health consequences. It is only by confronting ISS directly that we can hope to develop and implement effective educational and advocacy programs, along with more responsible public health policies and regulations.
Some practical considerations and policy implications of studies of sleep patterns
Behavioral Medicine, 1996
The companion article suggests a number of issues for policy makers. Federal leg-islators have already been alerted to some of these issues. Scientists with the Office of Technology Assessment of the US Congress have reviewed the impact that diurnal variation in sleep and performance have on safety and productivity in a variety of industries worldwide1 and have provided lawmakers with a number of legislative options aimed at limiting loss of life and property. Thus, problems relating to human sleep tendency are being addressed at all levels of our society and government. Among the most challenging public-policy issues are (a) the rate and temporal distribution of human error catastrophes that should be considered unavoidable and normal, (b) the degree to which a person's sleep tendency must rise before it is considered a risk to the person or to the public, and (c) the extent to which human error caused by abnormal or normal levels of sleepiness can be reduced.
Sleep - An Insight into the Neglected Components of a Healthy Lifestyle
Nigerian School of Health Journal, 2020
Human beings exhibit daily patterns of rest and activities and until a few years ago, little is known about the sleep process, its benefits, and the possible consequences of inadequate sleep. Scientific advances and input from diverse clinical disciplines have enriched the study and management of sleep disorders. Multiple evidence is now available to show that the sleep process is essential to the improvement and maintenance of mental health (like mood stabilization, good memory, cognitive performance), physical health (like healthy cardiovascular and metabolic systems), and productivity in society. Poor quality and quantity of sleep have been associated with increased risk for accidents, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, mental disorders, some cancers, and ultimately increase mortality. Health promotion programmes with a focus on healthy living and lifestyle modification are essential in the attainment of individual sleep need and repayment of sleep debt. This article provides a brief insight into the often-misunderstood purpose and architecture of sleep, the benefits of adequate and restorative sleep, and the health consequences of inadequate sleep, especially as it relates to sleep need and sleep debt. It concludes by suggesting practical sleep hygiene and lifestyle intervention measures that can be adopted to harness the full health benefits of this often-neglected component of promotive healthcare.
The economic cost of inadequate sleep
Sleep
To estimate the economic cost (financial and non-financial) of inadequate sleep in Australia for the 2016-17 financial year and relate this to likely costs in similar economies. Methods: Analysis was undertaken using prevalence, financial and non-financial cost data derived from national surveys and databases. Costs considered included: (a) financial costs associated with health care, informal care provided outside healthcare sector, productivity losses, non-medical work and vehicle accident costs, deadweight loss through inefficiencies relating to lost taxation revenue and welfare payments; and (b)