Design and 3D Printing of Scaffolds and Tissues 3D Printing-Review (original) (raw)
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Advances in 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering
Materials, 2021
Tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds have enormous significance for the possibility of regeneration of complex tissue structures or even whole organs. Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques allow fabricating TE scaffolds, having an extremely complex structure, in a repeatable and precise manner. Moreover, they enable the easy application of computer-assisted methods to TE scaffold design. The latest additive manufacturing techniques open up opportunities not otherwise available. This study aimed to summarize the state-of-art field of 3D printing techniques in applications for tissue engineering with a focus on the latest advancements. The following topics are discussed: systematics of the available 3D printing techniques applied for TE scaffold fabrication; overview of 3D printable biomaterials and advancements in 3D-printing-assisted tissue engineering.
3D Printing for Tissue Engineering Applications
Journal of Polytechnic
The goal of tissue engineering is to create functional tissues and organs for regenerative therapies, and total organ transplantation. Bioprinting tissues are one of the most attractive approaches for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. Fabrication of a complex structure via bioprinting requires layer-by-layer fabrication strategy. Bioprinting is mainly based on three processes; imaging and computer aided the design of the tissue that we wanted to print, the production of bio-ink with the selection of proper substances, the choice of a proper bioprinter depending on the product that we want, for fabrication of scaffold and/or tissues. In recent years the 3D bioprinting technology has been developed and several approaches appear by the researchers. The approaches are biomimicry, autonomous self-assembly and mini-tissue building blocks. In this study, current and future potential applications of 3D printing for the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine will be discussed.
Use of 3D-BIOPRINTING in Tissue Engineering Scaffold Production
Contemporary materials, 2023
3D bioprinting is the hi-tech approach in tissue engineering science. Applying of modern 3D bioprinting systems allows production of tissue-like structures that could be used in regenerative medicine. Such tissues or primitive organ constructs could be used for substituting the parts of damaged organs, or for changing of organs in whole. Biomaterials must fulfill specific requirement to be applied in regenerative medicine: biocompatibility, biodegradability and possessing appropriate mechanical properties. PEG and PCL are widely used today in tissue engineering. We optimized wide range of PCL, PEG solutions alone and in combination. For 3D bioprinting was used Inkredible+ device. Optimization of experimental parameters for creating a scaffold that can be used in tissue engineering is a demanding process. As it is the first stage of developing the blood vessel, there is a high importance of ensuring they are formed well and with the desired properties. This innovative approach may be promising for further fabrication of a blood vessel.
3D Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering Application Review
2021
Three-dimensional (3D) printing (rapid prototyping or additive fabricating innovations) has gotten significant consideration in different fields in the course of recent many years. Tissue engineering uses of 3D bioprinting, specifically, have attracted the attention of numerous researchers. 3D platforms delivered by the 3D bioprinting of biomaterials (bio-inks) empower the recovery and rebuilding of different tissues and organs. These 3D bioprinting methods are helpful for creating platforms for biomedical and regenerative medication and tissue engineering applications, allowing quick production with high-accuracy and control over size, porosity, and shape. In this review, we present an assortment of tissue designing applications to make bones, vascular, skin, ligament, and neural structures utilizing an assortment of 3D bioprinting strategies.
Toward Biomimetic Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: 3D Printing Techniques in Regenerative Medicine
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2020
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology allows fabricating complex and precise structures by stacking materials layer by layer. The fabrication method has a strong potential in the regenerative medicine field to produce customizable and defect-fillable scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Plus, biocompatible materials, bioactive molecules, and cells can be printed together or separately to enhance scaffolds, which can save patients who suffer from shortage of transplantable organs. There are various 3D printing techniques that depend on the types of materials, or inks, used. Here, different types of organs (bone, cartilage, heart valve, liver, and skin) that are aided by 3D printed scaffolds and printing methods that are applied in the biomedical fields are reviewed.
Technology for 3D Tissue or Organ Printing
2016
The typical scaffold-based tissue engineering approach, though promising and still considered as a paradigm in tissue engineering, faces some challenges: immunogenicity, degradation rate of the biomaterials, toxicity of degradation products, inflammatory responses of host tissues, mechanical mismatch with surrounding tissues, cell cultures with multiple cell types & specific localization, suitable fabrication method of scaffold, and proper vascularization are some key issues which may affect the long term behaviour of the tissue engineering construct and its primary biological functions. To overcome these drawbacks & for successful reconstruction of defective tissues, new manufacturing methodologies under the principle of rapid prototyping have emerged that enabled the fabrication of structures more close in architecture to biological tissues. A more exciting approach is bioprinting also referred to as organ printing which could be defined as the use of rapid prototyping strategy fo...
3D Printing: Challenges and Its Prospect in Futuristic Tissue Engineering Applications
2020
Additive manufacturing in the healthcare sector has promisingly paved its way since the failure of implants, and tissue analogs resulted from the improper fabrication strategies of conventional manufacturing procedures. High energy source additive manufacturing strategies are optimum in regard to the appropriate mimicking of the shape of the host tissue or organ. However, there are subtle issues which critically impact the final outcome of the whole process, i.e., imaging of the patients’ tissue, reconstruction of the model, fabrication, and surgery. In many of the high-energy laser sintering facilities, the choice of the materials is very shallow. Moreover, cell-laden constructs are highly questionable to be used within these processes as it requires very low temperature (~37 °C) and low stress in the environment for the cells to be functional. Due to these drawbacks of other procedures, extrusion-based procedures have become popularly explored and utilized, leading the current add...
Biofabrication, 2013
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a rapid prototyping (RP) technique that can create complex 3D structures by inkjet printing of a liquid binder onto powder biomaterials for tissue engineering scaffolds. Direct fabrication of scaffolds from 3DP, however, imposes a limitation on material choices by manufacturing processes. In this study, we report an indirect 3DP approach wherein a positive replica of desired shapes was printed using gelatin particles, and the final scaffold was directly produced from the printed mold. To create patient-specific scaffolds that match precisely to a patient's external contours, we integrated our indirect 3DP technique with imaging technologies and successfully created custom scaffolds mimicking human mandibular condyle using polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CH) for potential osteochondral tissue engineering. To test the ability of the technique to precisely control the internal morphology of the scaffolds, we created orthogonal interconnected channels within the scaffolds using computer-aided-design (CAD) models. Because very few biomaterials are truly osteoinductive, we modified inert 3D printed materials with bioactive apatite coating. The feasibility of these scaffolds to support cell growth was investigated using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). The BMSCs showed good viability in the scaffolds, and the apatite-coating further enhanced cellular spreading and proliferation. This technique may be valuable for complex scaffold fabrication.
3D bio-printing technology for body tissues and organs regeneration
Journal of medical engineering & technology, 2018
In the last decade, the use of new technologies in the reconstruction of body tissues has greatly developed. Utilising stem cell technology, nanotechnology and scaffolding design has created new opportunities in tissue regeneration. The use of accurate engineering design in the creation of scaffolds, including 3D printers, has been widely considered. Three-dimensional printers, especially high precision bio-printers, have opened up a new way in the design of 3D tissue engineering scaffolds. In this article, a review of the latest applications of this technology in this promising area has been addressed.
3D printing of bone tissue engineering scaffolds
Bioactive Materials, 2020
Tissue engineering is promising in realizing successful treatments of human body tissue loss that current methods cannot treat well or achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. In scaffold-based bone tissue engineering, a high performance scaffold underpins the success of a bone tissue engineering strategy and a major direction in the field is to produce bone tissue engineering scaffolds with desirable shape, structural, physical, chemical and biological features for enhanced biological performance and for regenerating complex bone tissues. Three-dimensional (3D) printing can produce customized scaffolds that are highly desirable for bone tissue engineering. The enormous interest in 3D printing and 3D printed objects by the science, engineering and medical communities has led to various developments of the 3D printing technology and wide investigations of 3D printed products in many industries, including biomedical engineering, over the past decade. It is now possible to create novel bone tissue engineering scaffolds with customized shape, architecture, favorable macro-micro structure, wettability, mechanical strength and cellular responses. This article provides a concise review of recent advances in the R & D of 3D printing of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. It also presents our philosophy and research in the designing and fabrication of bone tissue engineering scaffolds through 3D printing.