Göçoğlu, V. (2019). "Cyber Security of Critical Infrastructures in Smart Cities", Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 2(1): 51-63. (original) (raw)

Cyber security challenges in smart city

The world is experiencing an evolution of Smart Cities. These emerge from innovations in information technology that, while they create new economic and social opportunities, pose challenges to our security and expectations of privacy. Humans are already interconnected via smart phones and gadgets. Smart energy meters, security devices and smart appliances are being used in many cities. Homes, cars, public venues and other social systems are now on their path to the full connectivity known as the ''Internet of Things.'' Standards are evolving for all of these potentially connected systems. They will lead to unprecedented improvements in the quality of life. To benefit from them, city infrastructures and services are changing with new interconnected systems for monitoring, control and automation. Intelligent transportation, public and private, will access a web of interconnected data from GPS location to weather and traffic updates. Integrated systems will aid public safety, emergency responders and in disaster recovery. We examine two important and entangled challenges: security and privacy. Security includes illegal access to information and attacks causing physical disruptions in service availability. As digital citizens are more and more instrumented with data available about their location and activities, privacy seems to disappear. Privacy protecting systems that gather data and trigger emergency response when needed are technological challenges that go hand-in-hand with the continuous security challenges. Their implementation is essential for a Smart City in which we would wish to live. We also present a model representing the interactions between person, servers and things. Those are the major element in the Smart City and their interactions are what we need to protect.

Smart city cyber-physical security

Smart Cities International Conference (SCIC), 2023

Recently, the number of Internet users has increased enormously, this becoming the main way in which states and non-states actors increase their economic and diplomatic capacity through strategic and targeted manipulation with the help of web content that they transmit to citizens. Brilliant urban areas have a bleeding edge obligation to guarantee a protected and safe physical and advanced environment advancing durable and feasible metropolitan improvement for the prosperity of EU residents. S4AllCities incorporates progressed mechanical and authoritative arrangements in a market situated brought together Cyber-Physical Security Management structure, targeting raising the strength of urban communities' frameworks, administrations, ICT frameworks, IoT and cultivating insight and data sharing among city's security partners. A smart city is made up mainly of information and communication technologies (ICT) to develop, implement and promote the practice of sustainable development to address the growing challenges of urbanization. Mostly, ICT is a smart network of objects and machines that are connected and transmit data using both wireless technology and the cloud. IoT-based and cloud-based applications receive, analyze, and manage data in real time to make a good decision about quality of life. People use Smartphones, mobile devices, cars and smart homes for smart city ecosystems. Communities can improve energy distribution, streamline garbage collection, reduce traffic congestion, and even improve IoT air quality. This paper fills a gap in the literature dealing with attacks on critical infrastructure in smart cities and presents envisioned pilots for 3 cities in Europe, as well as experiments in follower cities, one of them being Buzau in Romania.

Prospects of Cybersecurity in Smart Cities

Future Internet, 2023

The complex and interconnected infrastructure of smart cities offers several opportunities for attackers to exploit vulnerabilities and carry out cyberattacks that can have serious consequences for the functioning of cities’ critical infrastructures. This study aims to address this phenomenon and characterize the dimensions of security risks in smart cities and present mitigation proposals to address these risks. The study adopts a qualitative methodology through the identification of 62 European research projects in the field of cybersecurity in smart cities, which are underway during the period from 2022 to 2027. Compared to previous studies, this work provides a comprehensive view of security risks from the perspective of multiple universities, research centers, and companies participating in European projects. The findings of this study offer relevant scientific contributions by identifying 7 dimensions and 31 sub-dimensions of cybersecurity risks in smart cities and proposing 24 mitigation strategies to face these security challenges. Furthermore, this study explores emerging cybersecurity issues to which smart cities are exposed by the increasing proliferation of new technologies and standards.

The Need for Cybersecurity in Industrial Revolution and Smart Cities

Sensors

Cities have grown in development and sophistication throughout human history. Smart cities are the current incarnation of this process, with increased complexity and social importance. This complexity has come to involve significant digital components and has thus come to raise the associated cybersecurity concerns. Major security relevant events can cascade into the connected systems making up a smart city, causing significant disruption of function and economic damage. The present paper aims to survey the landscape of scientific publication related to cybersecurity-related issues in relation to smart cities. Relevant papers were selected based on the number of citations and the quality of the publishing journal as a proxy indicator for scientific relevance. Cybersecurity will be shown to be reflected in the selected literature as an extremely relevant concern in the operation of smart cities. Generally, cybersecurity is implemented in actual cities through the concerted applicatio...

An Overview of Cyber Threats, Attacks and Countermeasures on the Primary Domains of Smart Cities

A smart city is where existing facilities and services are enhanced by digital technology to benefit people and companies. The most critical infrastructures in this city are interconnected. Increased data exchange across municipal domains aims to manage the essential assets, leading to more automation in city governance and optimization of the dynamic offered services. However, no clear guideline or standard exists for modeling these data flows. As a result, operators, municipalities, policymakers, manufacturers, solution providers, and vendors are forced to accept systems with limited scalability and varying needs. Nonetheless, it is critical to raise awareness about smartcity cybersecurity and implement suitable measures to safeguard citizens’ privacy and security because cyber threats seem to be well-organized, diverse, and sophisticated. This study aims to present an overview of cyber threats, attacks, and countermeasures on the primary domains of smart cities (smart government, smart mobility, smart environment, smart living, smart healthcare, smart economy, and smart people). It aims to present information extracted from the state of the art so policymakers can perceive the critical situation and simultaneously be a valuable resource for the scientific community. It also seeks to offer a structural reference model that may guide the architectural design and implementation of infrastructure upgrades linked to smart city networks.

The Impact of Smart City Model on National Security

Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 2020

Smart cities could help overcome traditional problems of big cities, such as pollution, traffic congestion and administrative corruption. They can stimulate economic productivity, accommodate population growth, and make lives more convenient, but at the same time, they raise many security threats to national security. Daily life needs in smart cities are based on information and communication technologies. Houses, infrastructure, transportation, communication, government services, as well as commercial and industrial services, etc. are controlled by smart systems dependent upon artificial intelligence and the Internet of things1. If these services are targeted by a successful cyber-attack, the consequences in that case would be unaffordable to national security and to people’s lives. This article seeks to analyse the impact of smart cities on national security, and it comes in three main sections. The first one defines smart cities and its different models, the second one analyses t...

Cybersecurity for Smart Cities: A Brief Review

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2017

By leveraging advancements in information and communications technology (ICT), Smart Cities offer many potential benefits like improved energy efficiency, management and personal security. However, this dependence on ICT also makes smart cities prone to cyber attacks. In this paper, we investigate the topic of cybersecurity for smart cities. We show how the specific characteristics of smart cities give rise to cybersecurity challenges, and review the different threats faced. Finally, we review some of the more important cybersecurity solutions for smart cities that have been proposed.

Smart Cities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Security Threats

Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, 2019

Smart cities represent a lifestyle totally based on making use of such unprecedented technological developments as Artificial Intelligence systems, the internet of things and big data, with the aim of maximizing the use of the available resources, reducing energy consumption and waste, creating an environment that enhances creation and innovation, and improving the quality of life for people by reducing the cost of living and making life easier and safer. Smart cities have become a priority in developments strategies of many countries all over the world. This is simply because they are among the main incentives to development, as they stimulate economic growth and accommodate population growth. It is estimated that in 2025 around 10 million people will be living in 34 smart cities all over the world (Smart Cities in USA",2018), and that almost 70% of the world population will be living in such cities in 2050(Building the Future's Smart Cities, 2016). . In spite of their various advantages smart cities have many national and cyber security concerns. Houses, infrastructure, transportation, communication, government services, as well as commercial and industrial services, etc. are controlled by smart systems dependent upon artificial intelligence and the internet of things. If these services are targeted by a successful cyber-attack, the consequences in that case would be unaffordable to national security and people lives. So, this paper is seeking to discuss the impotence to have smart cities for development and its consequences to national security. METHODOLOGY This study is a desktop normative study, discuss the gains and threats of smart cities. First it will focus on the widespread adoption of smart cities between nations, and second discuss the reason that push countries to adopt this model of cities and the gain they are seeking to have through this model, third it will discuss various security threats that can arise from smart cities, and finally a conclusion with some recommendation for the mitigation of smart city threats.

Cybersecurity and Smart Cities: Establishing the Need for Capacity Building

2019

Introduction For ages galore, defence and military applications have been using state-of-art technologies such as advanced intelligent networking and laser sensors for detection and imaging of targets. However, these technologies seem to now have become allpervasive, completely disrupting the complacent zones, and creating a newer set of opportunities and challenges for common men in all aspects of their existence. Even the realm of public service deliveries has got a complete digital makeover with the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT), the proof of which can be best savoured in a smart city implementation. In a smart city, millions of smart (IoT) devices with sensors and internet connectivity are connected to each other, capturing and sharing millions of zettabytes of data that is eventually pushed to remote data centers (called cloud). Such a city boasts of interconnected smart homes, connected self-driving The citizen-centric paradigm of ...