Effects of light regimes on in vitro seed germination and silymarin content in Silybum marianum (original) (raw)
Related papers
2016
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Asteraceae) is an annual or biennial, broadleaf plant native in North African and Mediterranean with highly valued medicinal properties. The active principle in S. marianumis silymarin; which is an isomeric mixture of flavonolignans is used in pharmaceutical industries. Silymarin is the most commonly used herbal product for chronic liver disease and may also be beneficial for reducing the chances for developing certain cancers. Due to a growing demand for silymarin, it is justifiable to investigate ways to optimized production of it. Spiny leaves and flowers of the Milk thistle make difficult traditional agriculture of this plant; also the total average daily air temperature from the formation of inflorescence shoots to the milk thistle harvest has a significant effect on silymarin content. Thus ‘In vitro’ culture of cells and tissues may offer an alternative for the production of silymarin. Efforts were carried out to isolate flavanolignan...
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: The present study was designed to study the effect of supplementing Silybum marianum cultures with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators on the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the produced cultures.Methods: The total polyphenolic content of 23 extracts of calli was calculated as µg of gallic acid/mg of dry weight extract (DWE) using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity was calculated as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay for extracts containing more than 10 µg gallic acid/mg DWE.Results: Most of the combinations showed an increase in the total polyphenolic concentration compared to the wild plant. However, cultures grown on media supplemented with combinations of benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and gebberellic acid (Gb), adenine (Ad) and kinetin (Kin), BAP and indole acetic acid (IAA) possessed the highest total polyphenolic contents 20.5, 13.09 and 12.15 µg gallic ...
Silymarin accumulation in Silybum marianum suspension culture via precursor feeding
2021
Silymarin and phenolic compounds have great pharmaceutical applications, particularly as hepatoprotective agents. Silymarin content in Silybum marianum wild populations is low with significant differences between the individuals and the areas of these populations decreased due to the increasing interest in the plant. Therefore, cell suspension culture technique is an alternative and sustainable procedure for the bioproduction and conservation of the plant. The aim of the present study was the production of silymarin and certain phenolic compounds from S. marianum cell suspension cultures by the supplementation of the precursor amino acid; L-phenylalanine. Seeds were collected from wild plants at Alexandria desert road and germinated in vitro. Seedlings root segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 4.55 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 4.44 μM 6-benzyladenine for the induction and proliferation of callus. Cell suspension cultures were established in the same medium supplemented with Lphenylalanine at different concentrations (302.68, 605.36 and 908.05 μM). L-Phenylalanine elevated the cells biomass and the accumulation of silymarin and some phenolic compounds. The significantly highest silymarin accumulation reached 66.33% increase compared to the control. This study highlights the potential of L-phenylalanine for the in vitro production of silymarin-rich extracts and protecting the environment by preventing the overcollection of the plant.
In vitro cultures of Silybum marianum and silymarin accumulation
Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 2014
In this study, a protocol for initiation of callus and shoot cultures from leaves and shoot tips explants of different silybium genotypes collected from different locations in Egypt was established. Callus cultures were initiated from leaves explants and exposed to different concentrations of the precursor (coniferyl alcohol). Shoot cultures were initiated from shoot tips explants. Moreover, the produced plants of the different Silybium shoots as well as intact plants were subjected to protein screening using SDS-PAGE analysis. Results obtained revealed that the optimum medium for growth and maintenance of friable callus was MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg L À1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.25 mg L À1 Kinetin (Kin). The best medium for proliferation of high number of shoots was MS-medium with 0.25 mg L À1 each of Benzyl Adinine (BA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). Coniferyl alcohol in concentration of 30 lM caused an increase in accumulation of silymarin contents in most callus cultures. SDS-PAGE of different Silybium shoots revealed that the protein profiles of 100% of in vitro produced plantlets similar to their control.
Silymarin content in Silybum marianum fruits at different maturity stages
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2013
Silymarin is one of the most investigated plant extracts with known mechanism of action. It is used for oral treatment of toxic liver damage. Silybin, isosilybin, silychristin and silydianin are the main flavonolignan components of silymarin isolated from the fruits of Silybum marianum. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of flavonolignans was developed. The method depended on an isocratic solvent system comprising acetonitrile and water containing 0.5% (v/v) phosphoric acid. The method was used for analysis of the flavonolignans content in the fruits of S. marianum at different maturity stages. A correlation between fruits color, maturity stage and silymarin content is demonstrated.
Analysis of silymarin in the seeds of white and blue capitulum of Silybum marianum plants
African Journal of …, 2011
Silybum marianum is a wild medicinal plant containing silymarin, which is a known drug, used as the hepatoprotective agent. S. marianum growing in different areas of NWFP were collected and analyzed for the silymarin and oil contents. In all the samples analyzed for the silymarin, high yield was found in the sample collected from Swat district (3.85%) while high yield of oil was recorded in the sample collected from Kohat district (27.87%). The rest of samples for silymarin contents were found between 2.98 to 3.85% while the oil contents were found to be between 11 to 27.87%. Both the yield of silymarin and oil contents found in all the samples depend on the environment in which the plants were grown and the environmental conditions affecting both the contents of silymarin and oil of this highly medicinal plant. The analysis is of particular importance for collecting this medicinal plant for silymarin content and utilization in the pharmaceuticals.
Quantitative identification of total silymarin in wild Silybum marianum L. by using HPLC
International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2018
Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans exhibiting many pharmacological activities, is obtained from the fruits of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertner). In this study, we measured the levels of total silymarin in the seeds of Silybum marianum from four different locations in Syria. Using high performance liquid chromatography. Results showed that, Silymarin concentrations varied according to the geographical location. Total silymarin concentrations in seeds ranged between 0.54 % and 2.91% dry weight. Significant differences in silymarin concentrations were found between various sampling locations as determined by LSD test at P
Distribution of Silymarin in the Fruit of Silybum marianum L
Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta, 2016
The fruit of Silybum marianum or milk thistle is known for its rich contents of flavonlignan compounds known as silymarin. Silymarin has been recognized for centuries as "liver tonics" and is well known to prevent or reverse hepatotoxicity. Silymarin is usually extracted from the defatted fruits in methanol in a yield of less than 2%. Fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, accurate mass spectrometry as well as infra-red and Raman spectroscopy were used for mapping silymarin in the fruit. Silymarin was found to be only located in the pericarp section of the fruit. Extraction of silymarin from the pericarp gave higher yields of more than 6% and did not require defatting.