A Comparative Study between India and Malaysia: The Case of Freshwater Scarcity and Security (original) (raw)

Environmental degradation as a security threat: The challenge for developing countries

International Journal of Human Sciences, 2014

The developments after industrial revolution have brought environmental degradation to the stage as a threat to human security in the last few decades. It has become obvious that the shortage of natural resources or negative changes in environmental conditions may lead different forms of conflict between states. Since environmental degradation may directly or indirectly cause a conflict, it will have a significant impact on international security. This problem mostly challenges developing countries on the edge of making a choice between rapid industrialism and environmental conservation. This paper analyzes this challenge by discussing the details of it and offering both national and international level solutions. The zeal for economic growth, enclosure of land and knowledge, and disenfranchisement compose the major challenges for developing countries. There is no easy way to meet those challenges; however, this study offers regional economic integration by cooperation with regional environmental issues, the avoidance of politics leading degradation, dealing with disenfranchisement, environmental education, protection of global commons more seriously, and strict legislation and sanctions against environmental crimes as the steps against environmental threat.

From Environmental Security to Global Resource Conflicts (And Back Again ?)

2007

On the twentieth anniversary of the publication of the Brundtland Commission's report on "Our Common Future" its worth reflecting back on the intellectual trajectory of the debate about environmental security in at least three ways: First the evolution of the geopolitical circumstances that shape both the academic and the policy debate on sustainable development and its relation to conflict and peace; Second the discussions of security and the emergence of both critical scholarship which challenges the taken for granted assumptions, and the policy discussions of human security and; Third and perhaps most importantly our understanding of what is still labeled "environment". Such reflections may clarify where we have been and how and why we asked questions in the past, but hopefully they can then serve to allow us to usefully reflect on current research and our scholarly and policy priorities now when there is much discussion, once again, of global resource conflicts.

What’s the Point of Environmental Security?

There has been a strong convergence in recent years in the conceptual tools adopted by, and the analytical focus of, scholars of international security, international relations theory and normative political philosophy. One driver, and reflector, of this convergence has been the increasing salience of environmental problems such as declining species diversity; transboundary air pollution; resource depletion; and, above all, climate change.

Environmental security: Ecology or international relations

Proceedings of the International Studies Association, …, 2002

The juxtaposition of security and environment raises more profound issues for international relations than many scholars and policy commentators have addressed in any detail. Analyses within IR have investigated the relationships between environmental change and violence and ...

Environmental Security & Sustainability In West Asia.pdf

WEST ASIA IN TRANSITION: ISSUES, PERSPECTIVE & GLOBAL CONCERNS BY ANISUR RAHMAN (Ed.), 2015

The post Cold War era pitted environmental conflict between industrialized North and South and given rise to political and environmental instability in West Asia.On the other hand, post Rio 1992 phase advanced global environmental security and sustainability debate having direct nexus in west Asian countries. The problems seems compounded because it is estimated that two percent of the Earth’s rainforests are lost each year; and alarmingly one ‘football field’ is lost each second. The environmental degradation, carbon emissions, pollution of water and soil acidification have increasingly recognized as non-traditional security issues. There are 263 river basins, shared by 145 countries. But just 33 nations have more than 95 per cent of these rivers within their territories. By 2032, half the world’s population could be living in severely water stressed areas. Daily, 6,000 mainly children die as a result of poor or nonexistent sanitation or for want of clean water. It is the equivalent to a quarter of the population of a large capital city like London dying every year. The security of political and cultural rights is a major focal point of sustainable development. The centrality of environmental concerns in regional security and development among west Asian countries concerns researchers and policy makers of area studies. The paper examines environmental security and sustainability concerns for a paradigmatic shift of west Asian countries’ governance and administration in West Asia. Suggested Citation: Nomani, Md.Zafar Mahfooz(or M.Z.M.)

Defining Environmental Security as a National Security Issue

International Journal of Politics and Security (IJPS), 2023

In the 1990s, the relationship between security and the environment has been studied intensively due to globalization. As a result of the environmental problems being included in the national security agenda, the elements of the traditional security understanding remained insufficient in the definition of national security. The uncertainty and non-locality of global environmental threats force the state, which is the highest organizational structure among the actors of international relations, to play an important role in ensuring environmental security and cooperating with other states. In this study, it will be argued that environmental security is a national security issue. Since environmental threats are different from classical security threats, it will be pointed out that environmental security is at least as important as national security in state governance based on human survival.