Linguistics in The SAGE Encyclopedia of Human Communication Sciences and Disorders (original) (raw)
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Linguistics as a study endeavors to describe and explain the human faculty of language
Linguistics as a study endeavors to describe and explain the human faculty of language. Linguistic study was originally motivated by the correct description of classical liturgical language, notably that of Sanskrit grammar, or by the development of logic and rhetoric in ancient Greece, leading to a grammatical tradition in Hellenism. Beginning around the 4th century BCE, China also developed its own grammatical traditions. Traditions of Arabic grammar and Hebrew grammar developed during the Middle Ages, also in a religious context. Modern linguistics began to develop in the 18th century, reaching the "golden age of philology" in the 19th century. The first half of the 20th century was marked by the structuralist school, based on the work of Ferdinand de Saussure in Europe and Edward Sapir and Leonard Bloomfield in the United States. The 1960s saw the rise of many new fields in linguistics, such as Noam Chomsky's generative grammar, William Labov's sociolinguistics, Michael Halliday's systemic functional linguistics and also modern psycholinguistics. In the early 20th century, de Saussure distinguished between the notions of langue and parole in his formulation of structural linguistics. According to him, parole is the specific utterance of speech, whereas langue refers to an abstract phenomenon that theoretically defines the principles and system of rules that govern a language. [1] This distinction resembles the one made by Noam Chomsky between competence and performance, where competence is individual's ideal knowledge of a language, while performance is the specific way in which it is used. [2] Antiquity Across cultures, the early history of linguistics is associated with a need to disambiguate discourse, especially for ritual texts or in arguments. This often led to explorations of sound-meaning mappings, and the debate over conventional versus naturalistic origins for these symbols. Finally this led to the processes by which larger structures are formed from units. Babylonian tradition [15] The earliest linguistic texts-written in cuneiform on clay tablets-date almost four thousand years before the present. In the early centuries of the second millennium, in southern Mesopotamia there arouse a grammatical tradition that lasted more than 2,500 years. The linguistic texts from the earliest parts of the tradition were lists of nouns in Sumerian, (a language isolate, that is, a language with no known genetic relatives), the language of religious and legal texts. Sumerian was being replaced in everyday speech by a very different (and unrelated) language, Akkadian (Afro-asiatic); it remained however as a prestigious language, and continued to be used in religious and legal contexts. It therefore had to be taught as foreign language, and to facilitate this, information about Sumerian was recorded in writing.
Introduction to Linguistics Pamulang Meeting 4 Linguistics and Related Disciplines
A. COURSE OBJECTIVE After learning the topic of the linguistics and related disciplines, the students are able to know and understand about the close relationship between linguistics and other related disciplines. B. COURSE DESCRIPTION Linguists are not the only people interested in the study of language, anthropologists, philosophers, psychologists, and language teachers have long been interested in language, and linguistics has close ties with each of the other disciplines. These ties have been stronger at some times than others as interests change and as the influence of one discipline on another grow or diminishes. a. Linguistics and Anthropology It is clear that linguistics is linguistics is the study of language, not any particular language, but human language in general. It can be assumed that it lerns about how the language changes, how meaning is changed and others. Meanwhile, anthropology is the study of humans, past and present, that build knowledge from social sciences, biological sciences, humanities, and the natural sciences. Humans have one particular language, and the language in one group is a crucial window in culture. Linguistics and anthropology have close relationship in our daily life. The relationship between them is called as socio-cultural anthropology. The relationship between anthropology and linguistics can be seen from the following examples. Linguists usually conduct long periods of fieldwork living with people who speak the language they are studying. They examine language and the emotions; ritual and performance; language shift and multilingualism; connections between language, ethnicity, nationalism, and political systems. For example, linguists are interested in investigated the development of Baduy language; they investigate how they use their
Linguistics: The Study of Language
International Journal of Linguistics and Computational Applications, 2015
This article is going to deliberate the Social Change as a part of Linguistics. A phoneme in a particular language may or may not be a phoneme in another language. The syllable was introduced as a structural unit of phonological description. The concept of language as a special gift of god has been found in several diverse and unrelated cultures. Painini‟s grammar is one of the greatest monuments details, every syntactic usage of its author‟s speech. No other language, to this day, has been so perfectly described the language we speak now is the result of historical movements and it changes thousands of years; language may be defined only in a genetic way, which necessitates historical research. . Keywords— Linguistic, Ancient Greeks, Germanic group, Idiolect, Dialect, Syntax and morphology, Speech – community, Grimm‟s Law, Verner‟s Law, Phonemes, Anglo-Saxon on phonetics.
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, encompassing its structure, development, and use across various cultures and societies. It provides a deep understanding of how humans communicate the underlying rules of language, and the ways in which languages evolve over time. 1. The Nature and Importance of Language Language is a complex system of symbols used for communication, allowing humans to convey thoughts, emotions, and ideas. What set human language apart from animal communication are its infinite creativity, structure, and ability to express abstract concepts. The study of linguistics helps us appreciate this complexity by analyzing the various components of language, such as sounds, words, and sentences. Moreover, understanding how languages are structured and processed by the brain is fundamental for SLPs who aim to assess and treat language disorders in clinical settings.
Linguistics is usually defined as ‘the scientific study of language*. Such a statement, however, raises two further questions: what do we mean by ‘scientific’? and what do we mean by ‘language*?
In: Dov M. Gabbay, Paul Thagard and John Woods, editors, Philosophy of Linguistics. San Diego: North Holland, 2012, pp. 531-551. ISBN: 978-0-444-51747-0 , 2012
Anthropology and linguistics share a common intellectual origin in 19th Century scholarship. The impetus that prompted the earliest archaeologists to look for civilizational origins in Greece, early folklorists to look for the origins of culture in folktales and common memory, and the first armchair cultural anthropologist to look for the origins of human customs through comparison of groups of human beings also prompted the earliest linguistic inquiries. This essay traces the relationship between the development of anthropology and linguistics down to modern times including the development of sociolinguistics, ethnography of communication, culture and communication, pragmatics, metapragmatics and other mainstay topics in linguistic anthropology
Linguistics as a study endeavors to describe and explain the human faculty of language. Linguistic study was originally motivated by the correct description of classical liturgical language, notably that of Sanskrit grammar, or by the development of logic and rhetoric in ancient Greece, leading to a grammatical tradition in Hellenism. Beginning around the 4th century BCE, China also developed its own grammatical traditions. Traditions of Arabic grammar and Hebrew grammar developed during the Middle Ages, also in a religious context. Modern linguistics began to develop in the 18th century, reaching the "golden age of philology" in the 19th century. The first half of the 20th century was marked by the structuralist school, based on the work of Ferdinand de Saussure in Europe and Edward Sapir and Leonard Bloomfield in the United States. The 1960s saw the rise of many new fields in linguistics, such as Noam Chomsky's generative grammar, William Labov's sociolinguistics, Michael Halliday's systemic functional linguistics and also modern psycholinguistics. In the early 20th century, de Saussure distinguished between the notions of langue and parole in his formulation of structural linguistics. According to him, parole is the specific utterance of speech, whereas langue refers to an abstract phenomenon that theoretically defines the principles and system of rules that govern a language.[1] This distinction resembles the one made by Noam Chomsky between competence and performance, where competence is individual's ideal knowledge of a language, while performance is the specific way in which it is used.[2]