Study and Analysis of 3 -Input Logic Gates By Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (original) (raw)

A Solution to VLSI: Digital Circuits Design in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Technology

2023

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata is a Nano device efficient than other devices in nanotechnology for the last two decades. It is beneficial over Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology like high speed, low energy dissipation, high device density and high computation efficiency. To achieve further optimization different methods like simplifications in Boolean expressions, tile method, clocking scheme, cell placement, cell arrangement, novel input techniques, etc., are in use. These methods improve the performance metrics in terms of QCA Cells, total circuit area, delay in output, power consumption, and coplanar or multilayer layout. This paper is about the novel NOT gate layout designed with efficient parameters compared to existing NOT gates except area parameters with analysis and XOR gate and multiplexer circuits. The novel gate provides an improvement of 55% in the number of cells, polarization raised by 0.33, and an 80.77% improvement in total area. These circuits illustrate further scope in QCA circuit design efficiently. XOR circuit shows area reduction up to 0.006 μm2 with 0.5 clock cycle delay. Further optimization in XOR parameters and with this novel NOT gate researchers can optimize parameters to bring revolution and digitalization.

A Novel Design for XOR Gate used for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) to Create a Revolution in Nanotechnology Structure

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2017

Novel digital technologies always lead to high density and very low power consumption. One of these concepts is Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA), which is one of the new emerging nanotechnology-based on Coulomb repulsion. This article presents three architectures of logical "XOR" gate, a novel structure of two inputs "XOR" gate, which is used as a module to implement four inputs "XOR" gate and eight inputs "XOR" gate using QCA technique. The two inputs, four inputs, and eight inputs QCA "XOR" gate architectures are built using 10, 35, and 90 Cells on 0.008 µm 2 , 0.036 µm 2 and 0.114 µm 2 of areas, respectively. The proposed "XOR" gate structure provides an improvement in terms of circuit complexity, area, latency and type of cross wiring compared to other previous architectures. These proposed architectures of "XOR" gate are evaluated and simulated using the QCADesigner tool version 2.0.3.

Nanoarchitecture of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) Using Small Area for Digital Circuits

Advanced Electronic Circuits - Principles, Architectures and Applications on Emerging Technologies

Novel digital technologies always lead to high density and very low power consumption. One of these concepts-quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), which is one of the new emerging nanotechnologies, is based on Coulomb repulsion. This chapter presents a novel design of 2-input Exclusive-NOR (XNOR)/Exclusive-OR (XOR) gates with 3-input Exclusive-NOR (XNOR) gates which are composed of 10 cells on 0.006 μm 2 of area. A novel architecture of 3-input Exclusive-OR (XOR) gate is defined by 12 cells on 0.008 μm 2 of area. The proposed design of 2-input XOR/XNOR gate structures provide less area and low complexity than the best reported design. The simulation results of proposed designs have been achieved using QCA Designer tool version 2.0.3.

An Efficient Layout Design of Fredkin Gate in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA)

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has been considered one of the alternative technologies used in Nanoscale logic design and a promising replacement for conventional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) due to express speed, ultra low power consumption, higher scale integration and higher switching frequency. In this paper, an efficient design of the Fredkin gate based on QCA logic gates: the QCA wire, 3-input majority gate and QCA inverter gate has been presented. Furthermore, compared with the previous design, the number of cells, covered area and latency time of the proposed design has reduced by 62.20%, 76.70%, and 25% respectively and also obviates coplanar wire-crossing. Functional correctness of the presented layout has proved by employing QCADesigner tools. The proposed circuit is suitable for constructing in low power consuming fault-tolerance system and can stimulate higher degree of integrated applications in QCA. Kuantum-noktası Hücresel Otomasyonda (KHO) Fre...

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata: A Novel Circuit Design Approach

As an alternative to CMOS technology, researchers have proposed new technologies like FINFET, CNTFET, MTJ to improve the performance of the system. This paper presents some emerging technologies over CMOS-VLSI. Also the new polarization based digital logic design with quantum dots called Quantum dot Cellular Automata i.e. QCA is described here. In this new computing paradigm QCA cell is the fundamental unit to design logic structure in quantum domain. This technology achieves an effective design of logic circuits using QCA. In this paper basic QCA structures are designed with minimum number of QCA cells and with minimum complexity. So these structures can be used to design and simulate complex circuits in digital system. The simulation of the present work is done by QCA designer tool which facilitate rapid and accurate simulation.

Design and Implementation of Efficient Combinational Logic Circuits with Minimum Area and Circuit Complexity Using Quantum- dot Cellular Automata (QCA)

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2017

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA), is a rising innovation and a possible alternative for scaling-down trend of VLSI technology. It advantages diminutive size, low power consumption, better switching speed. QCA seems to be a good competitor for future digital systems and widely utilized as a part of advance frameworks. Therefore numerous implementations of QCA based logic functions have been proposed so far. In this paper, an efficient XOR gates is presented. The model proves designing capabilities of combinational logic circuits. The proposed XOR gate has been testified to design logic circuits for QCA. Adder circuit is the most fundamental component used in digital systems. An efficient Half-Adder and Half-Subtractor circuits are designed employing the proposed XOR gate. Performance evolutions of the proposed XOR circuits are compared to its conventional counter parts. The functionality and circuit operation of the proposed designs have been authenticate used QCA Designer simulation tool Ver. 2.0.3.

Design and Analysis of Digital Circuits Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is one of the emerging trends in the field of nanotechnology which help to overcome the limitations of CMOS technology. QCA is simple in structure having significantly lesser elements as compared to CMOS design. It has the potential for attractive features such as faster speed, smaller size and low power consumption than transistor based technology. Quantum-dot cellular automata have a simple cell as the basic element. The cell is used as a building block to construct gates, wires, and memories. By taking the advantages of QCA are able to design interesting computational architectures. Unlike conventional computers in which information is transferred from one place to another by means of electrical current, QCA transfers information by propagating a polarization state. This paper proposes a detailed design and analysis of digital circuits such as combinational and sequential circuits for quantum-dot cellular automata.

Design of Sequential Circuit Using Quantum- Dot Cellular Automata (QCA

— Quantum dot cellular autometa presents a promissing nanoscale technology for replacement of conventional cmos based circuits.In this paper we introduce qca logic gates such has qca inverter and qca majority gate.This paper design the sequential logic gates.such as D latch,SR latch,JK latch,T flipflop,D flipflop,2 bit counter,4 bit shift register.These designs are captured and simulated using a design calld QCA designer.

Logic Circuit Design in Nano-Scale using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

European Journal of Scientific Research

One of the emerging technologies that being investigated as an alternative to CMOS VLSI is Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA). Its advantages such as faster speed, smaller size, and lower energy consumption are very good-looking. Unlike conventional digital circuits in which information is transferred using electrical current, QCA transfers information by propagate a polarization state. This paper proposes a detailed design analysis of combinational and sequential logic circuits for quantum-dot cellular automata. The aim is to maximize the circuit density and focus on a layout that is minimal in its use of cells.

Design of Multilayered XOR Gate Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata

Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2025

The rapid advancement of microelectronics technology necessitates the development of high-speed, low-power devices. Quantum Cellular Automaton (QCA) is emerging as a promising technology enabling logic circuits with exceptional operating speeds. The XOR gate is crucial in nanocomputing applications, such as nano-processors and nano-communication units, and requires innovative design approaches. This paper presents a novel design of an XOR gate using a multilayered layout methodology within the QCA framework. The circuit’s design and validation are performed using QCADesigner 2.0.3, while energy dissipation analysis is conducted with QCADesigner-E, resulting in an energy dissipation of 15 meV. Comprehensive parameter analysis, including cost functions, highlights the superiority of the proposed design. A comparative analysis with similar existing multilayered designs shows a 55% improvement in QCA-specific quantum cost. Notably, the proposed design eliminates the need for internal nodes within the layout, enhancing the methodology’s applicability to higher-order and more complex circuits.