Utilization of de-oiled algal biomass for enhancing vehicular quality biodiesel production from Chlorella sp. in mixotrophic cultivation systems (original) (raw)
Related papers
Green microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a potential feedstock for biodiesel
BACKGROUND: A major bottleneck in microalgal biodiesel production is lipid content, which is often low in microalgal species. The present study examines Chlorella vulgaris as a potential feedstock for biodiesel by identifying and evaluating the relationships between the critical variables that enhance the lipid yield, and characterizes the biodiesel produced for various properties. RESULTS: Factors affecting lipid accumulation in a green microalga, Chlorella vulgaris were examined. Multifactor optimization raised the lipid pool to55%dry cell weight against9%control.WhenC. vulgaris cells pre-grown in glucose (0.7%)-supplemented medium were transferred to the optimized condition at the second stage, the lipid yield was boosted to 1974 mg L−1, a value almost 20-fold higher than for the control. The transesterified C. vulgaris oil showed the presence of∼82% saturated fatty acids, with palmitate and stearate as major components, thus highlighting the oxidative stability of C. vulgaris biodiesel. The fuel properties (density, viscosity, acid value, iodine value, calorific value, cetane index, ash and water contents) are comparable with the international (ASTM and EN) and Indian (IS) biodiesel standards. CONCLUSION: C. vulgaris biomass with 55% lipid content and adequate fuel properties is potentially a renewable feedstock for biodiesel.
Evaluation of the Potential of Chlorella sp. for Biodiesel Production
Advanced Materials Research, 2013
The type and amount of lipid produced by microalgae directly influence the quality of the achived biodiesel. This study is to report the properties of extracted lipid profile analysis of marine microalgae species Chlorella sp. The extracted lipid is further converted to methyl esters or biodiesel by acid-catalyzed transesterification. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are analytical instruments for evaluation the potential of microalgae lipid in biodiesel production. The result showed that our marine microalgae was confirmed as interesting candidate for biodiesel application due to its high lipid content, high biodiesel yield, high cetane (CN) number, low iodine value (IV) and FT-IR spectrum close to crude palm oil and crude palm oil biodiesel.
Optimization of abiotic conditions suitable for the production of biodiesel from Chlorella vulgaris
Indian Journal of Science and …, 2011
The present study reports the production of fatty acids by microalgae under the influence of light and dark condition. Microalgae are renewable resource containing rich lipids in their body and has the potential to refill the partial energy demands in an eco-friendly way. We isolated an indigenous green alga (Chlorella vulgaris) as a potent source for biodiesel. To get better yield of biofuel, the growth of the microalgal isolate was optimized with the addition of nutrients and salts under light and dark conditions. The lipid fractions were extracted from the biomass through solvent extractions and the fractions were analyzed for biodiesel under GC-MS. The percentage of lipids synthesized from C. vulgaris under light and dark conditions were analyzed and compared. The algae from dark sample shows rich in saturated fatty acid (capric acid, lauric acid & myristic acid) and considerable amount of PUFA (hexadecatrienoic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapenaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid) when compare to algae grown under light. So the algae grown in dark condition is an excellent source for high yield of saturated fatty acids.
A preliminary study on some Chlorella spp. for biodiesel production
Biotechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology, Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology, 2018
This paper describes a preliminary analysis of the possibility to use different algae species for biodiesel production. A lab scale cultivation of five Chlorella spp. was conducted to evaluate their potential for biodiesel production, with respect to their growth and fatty acids characterization, as an initial step to transferring them into the outdoor open ponds. The results of algal dry wt (mg/l), arranged in descending order, were Chlorella salina, 200 ± 0.02; Chlorella vulgaris , 192.28 ± 0.00; Chlorella stigmatophora , 162 ± 13.06; Chlorella capsulata , 101.08 ± 7.54; Chlorella marina , 86 ± 6.99, while the growth rates (mg/d) were Chlorella marina , 2 ± 0.17; Chlorella vulgaris , 1.78 ± 0.14; Chlorella stigmatophora , 1.52 ± 0.11; Chlorella capsulata , 1.51 ± 0.13; Chlorella salina , 1.16 ± 0.09. The highest lipid content (dry wt based) was recorded for Chlorella capsulata (446 ± 0.33 mg/g), while Chlorella vulgaris showed the lowest content (255 ± 2.5 mg/g). The amounts of th...
Mass Culture of Marine Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (NIOT-74) and Production of Biodiesel
2020
Biodiesel production using marine microalgae as an alternate fuel source is receiving international attention in view of its economic and environmental advantages. The present study evaluated the feasibility of biodiesel production from the marine microalgae; Chlorella vulgaris (NIOT-74). Outdoor mass cultures of marine microalgae were done in different photobioreactors and raceways with marine C. vulgaris (NIOT74) as a model organism. The study demonstrated the feasibility of producing biodiesel and provided an evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of biodiesel (B100) and blend (B10) according to ASTM standards. A cost-effective electroflocculation method with 90.12% harvesting efficiency was developed and tested. The biodiesel produced from C. vulgaris (NIOT-74) was tested in two-stroke and four-stroke engines and was also used to test drive a vehicle.
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2020
The yield and quality of lipids extracted from microalgal biomass are critical factors in the production of microalgaebased biodiesel. The green microalga Chlorella homosphaera, isolated from Beira Lake, Colombo, Sri Lanka was employed in the present study to identify the effect of chlorophyll removal and cell disruption methods on lipid extraction yield, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile and quality parameters of biodiesel; including cetane number (CN), iodine value (IV), degree of unsaturation (DU) and high heating value (HHV). In the first section of this study, chlorophyll was removed from dry microalgae biomass prior to lipid extraction. Through the analysis of FAME profiles, it was observed that chlorophyll removal yielded biodiesel of enhanced quality, albeit with a lipid loss of 44.2% relative to the control. In the second section of the study, mechanical cell disruption strategies including grinding, autoclaving, water bath heating and microwaving were employed to identify the most effective method to improve lipid recovery from chlorophyll-removed microalgae biomass. Autoclaving (121 C, 20 min sterilization time, total time 2 h) was the most effective cell disruption technique of the methods tested, in terms of lipid extraction yield (39.80%) and also biodiesel quality. Moreover, it was observed that employing cell disruption subsequent to chlorophyll removal has a significant impact on the FAME profile of microalgae-based biodiesel, and consequently served to increase HHV and CN although IV and DU did not vary significantly.
Environmental aspect of biodiesel production from microalgae- Chlorella sorokoniana
The petroleum fuels are limited and depleting due to increase in consumption and causes environmental problems. Microalgae are discussed as an alternative source for the production of biofuels.Therefore biodiesel is the only alternative fuel availalbe as it is technically feasible,economically competitive, environmentally acceptable and easilyavailable to fulfill the increasing demands for energy.This research was conducted for extraction of lipid from Chlorella sorokiniana and characterization of fatty acid composition was done by Gas chromatography. The transesterification process was carried out to produce methyl esters.After 15-17 days, at the end of the exponential phase of growth, the total content of the lipids were extracted and determined. The extracted fatty acids were first esterified and then identified using GC analysis. The presence of several types of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and saturated fatty acids were identified in the microalgae,Chlorella sorokoniana. The main composition of fatty acid present in the microalgae was identified as palmitic acid methyl ester. This strain can be an ideal candidate for biodiesel production because of itssaturated fatty acid content.
International Journal of Green Energy, 2017
Generation of biodiesel from microalgae has been extensively investigated; however, its quality is often not suitable for use as fuel. Our investigation involved the evaluation of biodiesel quality using a native isolate Chlorella sorokiniana MIC-G5, as specified by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), after transesterification of lipids with methanol, in the presence of sodium methoxide. Total lipids extracted from dry biomass, of approximately 410 to 450 mg g-1 , was characterized using FTIR and 1 H NMR. After transesterification, the total saturated and unsaturated FAMEs were 43% and 57% respectively. The major FAMEs present in the biodiesel were methyl palmitate (C16:0), methyl oleate (C18:1) and methyl linoleate (C18:2), and the 1 H NMR spectra matched with criteria prescribed for high quality biodiesel. The biodiesel exhibited a density of 0.873 g/cc, viscosity of 3.418 mm 2 /s, CN of 57.85, HHV of 40.25, iodine value of 71.823 g I 2 100 g −1 , DU of 58% and a CFPP of-5.22 • C. Critical fuel parameters, including oxidation stability, cetane number, high heating value, iodine value, flash point, cloud point, pour point, density and viscosity were in accordance with the methyl ester composition and A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 structural configuration. Hence, Chlorella sorokiniana can be a promising feedstock for biodiesel generation.
Biodiesel Production from Microalgae-Chlorella Sorokoniana
In recent years, high value lipid extraction in order to convert into a biodiesel product was potentially investigated among various microalgae strains. As a proof, in this research study, a significant amount of triacyl glyceride from Chlorella sorokiniana was obtained. Moreover, effective parameters such as pH, temperature and light intensity were assessed thoroughly. The petroleum fuels are limited and depleting due to increase in consumption and cause environmental problems. Microalgae are discussed as a source for the production of befouls. Therefore, biodiesel is the only substitute fuel attainable as it is technically feasible, economically competitive, environmentally acceptable and easily available to fulfill the increasing demands for energy. This research was conducted to extract of lipid from Chlorella sorokiniana and characterization of fatty acid composition by Gas chromatography requirements. Transesterification process was carried out to produce methyl esters. After 15-17 days, at the end of the exponential phase of growth, the total contents of the lipids were extracted and determined . The extracted fatty acids were first esterified and then identified using GC analysis. The presence of several types of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and saturated fatty acids were identified by using microalgae, Chlorella sorokoniana. The result shows that the extracted lipid shows in main composition of suitable fatty acid present in the microalgae was identified as palmitic acid profile for biodiesel, ranging from 16-18 carbon lengths. This strain can be an ideal candidate for biodiesel production because of its saturated fatty acid content.
Effect of Growth Media and pH on Microalgal Biomass of Chlorella vulgaris for Biodiesel Production
Bioremediation Science and Technology Research
The increased industrialization and overuse of natural resources for energy, such as fossil fuels, have led to the energy crises and environmental issues that plague the world in the twenty-first century. The production of biodiesel from algae has recently gained attention as a potentially useful alternative fuel that is both environmentally friendly and easy to obtain. In this work, the effects of various pH levels on algae biomass and oil production from Chlorella Vulgaris were studied. The growth of the biomass concentration was monitored using a spectrophotometer. The biomass of C. vulgaris obtained from the test was subjected to oil extraction using the chemical solvent method. Out of the five media compositions tested (MBG-11, BG-11, BBM, M8 and N8), MBG-11 recorded the highest biomass concentration at pH 8 (0.6 mg/L/D) and N8 recorded the least biomass concentration at pH 6 (0.49 mg/L/D). The highest percentage of oil was extracted from the C. vulgaris in BBM at pH 6 (31.22%)...