Economic Demography in Spain: Regional Differences and International Inequalities (original) (raw)
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REGIONAL COMPARATIVE OF SPAIN THROUGH ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS (1975-2017)
26th APDR Congress , 2019
Spain is a country known as a "State of Autonomies" because regionalisms are very strong and with different characteristics. This country is administrative divided in 17 Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous Cities in Africa (Ceuta and Melilla). The administrative division for Autonomies is the same as NUTS 2. The objective of this research is to analyse the inequalities between Spanish regions for the period of 1975-2017, linking some demographic indicators (for migration, fertility and mortality) and economic indicators (as unemployment, production by sectors, economic growth and debt). The methodology is quantitative using descriptive and comparative analysis, with some econometric models of regression to analyse though a panel database. This permits to see through the main determinants for the Spanish demography. For example, one of our models can predict birth growth (explaining almost the 65% of the cases, with an 1% of error), according to the literature related to the socialization hypothesis on the fertility behaviour. The main results point out changes and differences on fertility rate, foreigners’ proportion and unemployment rate. Total fertility rate decreased from 2.8 in 1975 to 1.3 in 2017. The foreigners’ proportion increased in Spain from 1.6% in 1998 to 9.8% in 2017 over the total population and being the double of foreigners’ proportion for all regions (except Madrid, Navarra, Ceuta and Melilla). Finally, Spain still have some huge regional differences between North-South respect to economic indicators, as unemployment rate or economic sectors. Key words: Spain, regionalisms, demography, panel, models.
Espace, populations, sociétés, 2000
The seven demographic Spains. Inter-municipal contrasts in age structure : fertility and migration are the determining factors In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2000-3. Le vieillissement dans le monde. pp. 425-435. Citer ce document / Cite this document : Reques Velasco Pedro, Rodriguez Rodriguez Vicente. The seven demographic Spains. Inter-municipal contrasts in age structure : fertility and migration are the determining factors . In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2000-3. Le vieillissement dans le monde. pp. 425-435. Résumé Sept Espagne sur le plan démographique ? Contrastes de structures par âge à l'intérieur des municipalités.
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In the last decade Spain had one of the highest immigration levels in the European Union and Catalonia was one of the most important destinations within the country. Immigration drove a strong and fast population growth and rejuvenated the population of the region. The world economic crisis is probably going to mark a turning point in international migration trends and has already caused a sharp decrease in Spanish and Catalan immigration flows. However, Catalonia is historically a very intriguing example of the close links that exist between demographic trends, migration movements and economic development. Around the mid 1800s the region was one of the first in Europe to experience a demographic transition and as a consequence it was affected early on by low levels of natural population change and by imbalances in the age structure. Moreover, Catalonia’s economy has almost always been one of the most dynamic in Spain. The main consequence of the diverging trends in demography and t...
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The objective of this article is to investigate the variation of fertility across Spain’s geographic areas between 1981 and 2018, to highlight spatial change over three decades of major fertility transformations. During the last decades, Spanish fertility decreased considerably to below replacement levels. Although total fertility remains below replacement level in Spain, there are important differences in subnational trends that seem to concentrate around certain areas. Starting from the assumption that there is fertility diversity across the country, which persists over time and such variation is not random but rather spatially driven, we aim to describe the divergence from national trends and analyse the dynamics of spatial patterns of fertility over time with spatial analysis tools. Using from Spanish municipality data, we use 910 territorial units that ensure spatial contiguity and construct yearly fertility indicators derived from census and register data, encompassing fertili...
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