Kraków in the 19th century: A multilayered city (original) (raw)
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Jelenski T. (2015) Tradition and Heritage in the Image of Krakow.pdf
The paper briefly describes the historical development of Kraków (also Cracovia or Cracow), one of the old cities whose past most clearly determines its current development. Some of the city’s characteristic processes, traditions, and features have been stressed, which has been shaping the current image of the city throughout its millennia-plus long history. Formerly an important burghers’ emporium and influential centre of politics, economy, science, and diverse cultures – although degraded to the role of a provincial centre – Kraków manifested a remarkable vitality and creativity. It is now rebuilding its position, drawing from its tangible and intangible heritage, as well as local and cosmopolitan traditions. Keywords: Kraków, historic development, evolution of townscape, civitas, metropolitan functions, urban heritage
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The aim of this article is to analyze how the concept of mieszczaństwo was redefined in Polish political discourse between 1905 and 1914 in conjunction with concepts of intelligentsia and bourgeoisie. My hypothesis is that before the Great War, in a time of powerful social and political revolutions that took place on the streets of Warsaw, Łódź and other cities, new ways of conceptualizing the urban society emerged. I shall discuss the circumstances that led to the forming of the concept of the Polish mieszczaństwo during the debate about the urban self-government in the Kingdom of Poland after the 1905 Revolution. As the city itself became the subject of political competition, and the right to govern the city became a demand of the Polish public opinion. For National Democratic Party it was an excellent occasion to expand anti-Semitic rhetoric and promote the idea of the Polonization of cities as a long-term goal. However, I argue that this rhetoric would not find public response i...
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