Dissemination pattern of bacterial heart rot (BHR) disease and screening of the disease resistance among commercial pineapple varieties in Malaysia (original) (raw)
Related papers
Quantification of yield loss to pineapple heart rot disease on pineapple cultivars in Uganda
Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) is an important fruit crop in Uganda. Pineapple production in Uganda is devastated by pineapple heart rot disease (PHRD) which is associated with serious economic and yield losses. Therefore, this study quantified yield loss on five pineapple cultivars to pineapple heart rot disease in central Uganda. Five cultivars (Smooth Cayenne, Victoria, Sasilimu, MD-2 hybrid and Red Spanish) were tested for latent infection by planting the suckers in buckets containing 10 kilograms of sterile soil for four month. Disease free suckers, four month old, of average size from the five cultivars were planted in pots containing 10 kilograms of sterile clay-loam soil in the screen house in 2016/2017 in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments consisted of protected pots, unprotected pots and control pots respectively. Pineapple plants in the protected pots had their suckers dipped for three minutes in a solution of Metalaxyl (Active Ingredients: methoxyacetyl)-N-(2, 6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate 8%) before planting and later sprayed with a solution of Fosetyl Al (Active Ingredients: Aluminum tris 80%) using a backpack sprayer with Hardir flat spray nozzles three weeks after planting. Pineapple plants in the unprotected pots were not treated with any fungicide. The suckers in protected and unprotected pots were inoculated with 10 8 ml of zoospores using needle-mediated leaf base wound technique. Control pots were not inoculated. Data on pineapple heart rots caused by the pathogen was collected from all the pots and thus used to compute yield loss per cultivar. Data was analyzed usin analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the GenStat computer program (15 th edition). Pineapple heart rot disease (PHRD) significantly (P<0.001) reduced pineapple yield in the unprotected pots across all the five cultivars evaluated in both trial one and trial two. Metalaxyl (Ridomil) and Fosetyl Al treatment significantly (P<0.001) reduced yield losses in all the five cultivars used in the Protected pots in trial one and trial two respectively. The highest and lowest yield loss was recorded in cultivar Victoria and Smooth Cayenne respectively. PHRD can cause 100% yield loss. Metalaxyl (Ridomill) and
Journal of Krishi Vigyan, 2021
Pomegrante (Punica granatum L.) is mainly grown in states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Changing climatic scenario and intensive cultivation practices led to outbreak of bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae in pomegranate leading to heavy losses ranging from 30-50 per cent depending on the pathogenic load in orchard and aberrant climatic conditions. Pomegranate orchards at Bagalkote district in Karnataka are severely affected by bacterial blight disease to the tune of 40 per cent. For the management of bacterial blight of Pomegranate, Integrated Disease Management (IDM) practices developed by UAS, Dharwad were demonstrated under Front Line Demonstration (FLD) by ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bagalkote at Kaladagi village during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. Method demonstration in farmers’ pomegranate orchard at Kaladagi village comprised of sanitation practices including removal of infected shoots, pasting of stem and branches with Bordeaux mixture @ 1% foliar spray of copperoxychloride @ 3g/l, streptocycline @ 0.5g/l, Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5g/l against oily spot disease of pomegranate, which benefited growers. The incidence of bacterial blight in pomegranate and yield in IDM demonstrated and Farmers’ Practice fields during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18 were recorded. Percent Disease Incidence (PDI) in IDM demonstrated fields was 26.35 with yield of 13.50 t/ha and BC ratio of 5.69. However, the disease incidence in farmers’ practice orchard was 38.95, with yield 9.75 t/ha and BC ratio 3.31. In IDM demonstrated orchards there was reduction of disease by 32.34 per cent and increase in the yield levels by 38.46 per cent.
Reactions of pineapple cultivars to pineapple heart rot disease in central Uganda
Crop Protection, 2020
Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is an important fruit crop in Uganda ranking third as a major fruit crop after banana and citrus globally. However, pineapple production in Uganda is threatened by the recent outbreaks of pineapple heart rot disease (PHRD). Pineapple heart rot disease is the most widespread and devastating disease of pineapple in Uganda and can cause tremendous yield loss. Information on the sources of resistance is still scanty in Uganda. Additionally, no study has been done in Uganda which point out whether variety influences disease severity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the reaction of pineapple cultivars to pineapple heart rot disease in central Uganda. Five cultivars of healthy pineapple suckers were planted in the field in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to screen for resistance to PHRD. No significant (p > 0.05) difference in PHRD incidence was recorded in week two and week 4 of the experiment. However, there was significant difference (p < 0.001) in incidence of PHRD from week 6 up to week 12 of the experiment. Additionally, PHRD severity varied significantly (p < 0.001) from week 6 up to week 12. Cultivar Smooth Cayenne recorded low severity and is therefore promising. All the five pineapple cultivars were susceptible to PHRD though with varying levels of incidence and severity. Therefore, there is need for additional studies to establish the suitability of Smooth Cayenne as a source of parental donor in breeding for resistance to PHRD.
Diseases Management in the Agriculture Plants and Crops
EasyChair, 2021
This chapter mainly attention to the management of the diseases of different grain crops, vegetables, flower crops, oil crops, and others. The diseases were very harmful to produce the quality crops/fruits and this paper study on the common name and scientific name of the common diseases/causal organisms in different plants. This paper investigated the use of biochemical, chemical, and biological insecticides in the field and also with the cultural practices in the seedbed, field, and storage condition. The farmers used balance fertilizer and also used chemical insecticides to minimize crop damage. It has been estimated that of the average at 36.5% of total losses, 14.2% are caused by disease, 15.1% by insects, and 6.2% by weeds. This chapter has efforted the prescription to the disease’s management in farmer fields. Hence, I think if this book is available for all agriculturists and farmers then they will benefit.
Different inoculation techniques for heart rot resistance were tested including agar disc inoculation and needle-mediated leaf base wound technique at different leaf position using 10 6 spores mL-1 in all tests. The needle-mediated leaf base wound technique at mid plant position on 3-month old potted 'Queen' plants was found effective for disease evaluation. The toxicity of crude filtrate of Phytophthora cinnamomi in-vitro was also determined using regenerants or pineapple plantlets derived from the treated calli in-vitro of the crude filtrate of the pathogen. The regenerants or plantlets that survived the toxin treatment in culture were potted out in the glasshouse and evaluated for heart resistance. Results showed that no heart rot symptoms were observed in treated pineapple plantlets of the crude filtrate of the fungus as compared to non-treated plantlets (control). This implies that pineapple plantlets that survived the treatment with the fungal toxin had induced resistance to heart rot.
Plant Disease Management Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture through Traditional and Modern Approaches, 2020
Plants are continuously exposed to certain biotic and a biotic stresses, causing serious crop losses every year. Prevailing situation is representing today a serious threat to global food security and safety. Any professional plant pathologist needs to have theoretical as well as practical knowledge and a clear understanding of plant diseases and of the factors involved, knowing how to discover effective control means. This chapter has been designed to provide the reader a brief overview regarding the concept of plant diseases, their diagnosis and the threats they pose to crop production and protection. Here we discuss and focus on basic principles including: plant disease management, conventional and advanced methods of controlling diseases and integration of various control measures, historical perspectives, disease management in the current era, future directions and challenges.
A perspective on Integrated Disease Management Strategies in Minor Tropical Fruit Crops of India
New Delhi publishers, 2020
India is one of the major countries in producing more fruits and ranked in second. But several biotic and abiotic stress are causing the main barrier decreasing the yield and export causing heavy economical losses. One of the most effective method is the chemical method, but it is highly hazardous to environment and a limiting factor in terms of export to foreign countries. Hence, Integrated disease management is the best alternative for chemical control where all chemicals are used up to a safer extent. In Integrated disease management approach, wide range of diseases and pests can be controlled through cultural practices and careful handling, by knowing favourable environmental conditions and epidemiological studies. Physical, cultural, biological and chemical control measures when combined, various major and minor disease of cucumber, watermelon, sapota and jamun can be controlled simultaneously. In India. many farmers are not educated and not aware of this approach. Govt should take some action to make this practice reach out to a greater number of farmers. Keeping view of the recent context, the diseases, its symptoms and IDM approach for cucumber, watermelon, sapota and jamun are described in this chapter.
Multidisciplinary Epidemiological Approaches in Plant Disease Management
AGRICULTURE & FOOD: e- Newsletter, 2019
Plant diseases always have a serious impact on the yield of the crop and it also possesses a major threat to agriculture and world food security. Forecasting of plant disease has become considerably important in the present day situation in India and other agriculturally advanced countries due to somewhat increasing food production strategies. Significant losses in terms of both quantitative and qualitative perspective in most of the agricultural and horticultural crops as a result of an attack by the pathogens. Epidemiology of plant diseases plays a key role in plant disease management in several ways. Modern agriculture being cost oriented requires greater vigilance than before to ensure stable and good quality yields and reducing expenditure on all types of inputs including chemicals for disease management. This is possible only if reliable disease forecasting systems are developed. Plant disease epidemiology includes study of factors like temperature, moisture, humidity and precipitation etc. that are influencing the pathogen either positively or negatively depending on the requirement of pathogen for a particular kind of condition. These epidemiological studies are important for the management of the plant diseases as the obtained data can be processed and transformed into technologies for the management of pathogen.