Natural science collections produced by marine environmental research: from sample to the web (original) (raw)
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Beyond specimens: linking biological collections, functional ecology and biodiversity conservation
Revista Peruana de Biologia, 2018
Several anthropogenic pressures are threatening biodiversity and may increase in the next years, altering ecological processes and ecosystem services. Biological collections offer a rich source of information to develop studies of functional ecology and biodiversity conservation. Key information related to morphology, physiology and life history could be obtained through functional traits provided by specimens in biological collections. Additionally, museum collections present a great potential for document changes of habitat disturbance, using response/effect framework, functional diversity measures, and fluctuating asymmetry approaches. Despite limitations of specimens in data such as abundance, imprecisions in specimen´s georeferencing, errors in taxonomic identification and the poor preservation state of some specimens, biological collections contain vast data banks, which could be useful in the contribution of key information for land use management and conservation planning.
Western North American Naturalist 78(4), 2018
Climate changes are predicted to drive changes in plant species composition and vegetation cover around the world. Preserved specimens and other botanical information that we gather today--a period future practitioners may look back on as an early stage of modern anthropogenic climate change--will be of value to conservation managers and conservation biologists in the decades and centuries ahead. Here, we present suggestions for the systematic collection, long-term curation (in museums, herbaria, and other research institutions), and maintenance of plant specimens, along with associated data and analyses on the plants and vegetation present today and in the past. The primary aim of this systematic survey is to provide information of high value to conservation researchers and managers both in the near term (the next several years) and through the century to come. Such as systematic survey would build on a strong foundation of research and adaptive management on the island. It would fill gaps in less well-studied groups of organisms and identify environmental, ecological, and cultural factors related to current patterns of distribution. It would also archive previously collected data, photographs, and other materials which would otherwise gradually degrade and become inaccessible. As a case study, we use Santa Cruz Island, California, which is managed for conservation. We are confident that the same approach may be applied to other lands and waters around the world. We argue that there is a particular need to collect and archive herbarium specimens and seeds from today's populations, activities largely overlooked in recent decades. We encourage conservation researchers and managers to consider what information will be most important for future managers and to help launch studies, monitoring programs, and collections to prepare their successors for success.