Long-Term Population Statistics for Russia, 1867-2002 (original) (raw)
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Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2008
This article shows that the reliability of data in the 1989 Soviet census for 14 regions of the Russian Federation was affected by distortions designed by Soviet authorities to conceal the populations of “secret towns” of the military-industrial complex. Distortions of up to 10 percent of the regional populations (and as high as 13 percent for their eponymous regional capitals) are examined in light of their implications for the calculation of a variety of demographic and population-based indicators in studies of Russia comparing the late Soviet and early post-Soviet periods.
3. A History of Russian and Soviet Censuses
Cornell University Press eBooks, 2017
Many of the problems associated with the use of Russian and Soviet census data, as described in later chapters in this volume, derive from the historical and political context in which the different enumerations were conducted and the state of the art of census-taking at those times. Although the earlier enumerations were less technically sophisticated and less accurate than more recent ones, the availability of published figures has been increasingly curtailed in those censuses taken just before and after World War II. The following chronological review of census-taking procedures in Russia and the USSR addresses issues such as the organization of the census-taking apparatus; the conducting of individual censuses; the completeness of the count; and some of the methodologi cal, statistical , and political difficulties involved in presenting the results. Analysis of results , instructions to census takers , definitional issues, and questionnaire comparisons will be dealt with here in an overall sense; the individual chapters that follow discuss these topics in more detail as they relate to the utilization of various categories of census data. In addition to works cited in this chapter, the reader may want to consult the excellent bibliographies in Lorimer (1946) and Dubester (1969). Prerevolutionary Population Counts Historical Background The earliest censuses, in Russia and throughout Europe , were conducted by feudal principalities primarily to determine the population eligible for taxation or military service and , therefore , typically left out women and children. Population counts were taken for taxation purposes in the lands of Novgorod and Kievan Rus as far back as the eighth century. Later,
Part Two: INDEX AND GUIDE TO THE RUSSIAN AND SOVIET CENSUSES, 1897 TO 1979
Research Guide to the Russian and Soviet Censuses, 2017
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Geographical analysis of the changes in the demographic situation in Russia for the last 150 years
Geography and Natural Resources, 2011
We present the results derived from reconstructing, for the first time, the time series of some demographic indices of Russia's regions for the last 150 years. The problem posed for analysis was resolved through the use of extensive, officially published statistical data sets as gathered by these authors at the microlevel (uyezds, and districts) and referred within the contemporary boundaries of the subjects of the Russian Federation using economic-statistical methods and geoinformation technologies.
The Failure of Demographic Statistics: A Soviet Response to Population Troubles
2001
This paper reveals constant manipulation of the statistical outputs regarding Soviet population. During the Soviet era, definitions, concepts and methods of population statistics were a permanent target of political manipulations. Today this Soviet legacy may be a serious danger for population statistics in some post-Soviet countries where there are unfavorable demographic situation.
The Results of the 1939 Soviet Census: Two Problems of Adequacy
Demographic Review, 2021
The article examines the adequacy of contemporary estimates of the total population of the Soviet Union based on the 1939 census. To do so, it analyzes the instructions for filling in the census form. Comparison of the better worded 1959 census instructions with the poorly worded instructions of the 1939 census shows that the latter created possibilities for double counting of the population. These findings confirm the validity of the lowest estimate of the total population of the USSR based on the 1939 census, given by the famous Russian demographer Andrei G. Volkov, which stood at only 167.6 million people. The impact of the inter-republic reallocation of prisoners’ census forms was also estimated. For the entire population of Russia these estimates do not, for most indicators, change the picture previously known from the official census results. On the other hand, for Ukraine and especially Kazakhstan, the recalculations produced noticeable changes, in some cases resulting in significant corrections of the composition of the pre-war population.
Population Decline in the Central Region of Russian Federation (1990-2010)
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 the mortality reached 1.807.400 people in 1992, with the birthrate falling to 1.587.600 people. The process of depopulation began. Nearly 2 million people died annually in Russia according to the official data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service in 1993-2010. A special and a very serious problem is a middle-aged men mortality that is 7-8 times higher, than in the developed countries. From 1992 to 2010 in Russia died 40.812.000 people, born -26.568.000. Total decline amounted to 13.344.000 people. The present study considers some social-
Regional Economy
The 1932–1933 Holodomor genocide caused a significant reduction of the population and distorted the main parameters of the country’s demographic stability. To analyze the changes in the population by the longitudinal analysis method, the survival rates are calculated for age groups of the population in the intercensal periods. Calculations based on the data of 1926 and 1939 censuses show substantial inconsistencies in the survival rate for five female age groups within the range of 33-57 years old. Despite the 1932–1933 demographic catastrophe and taking into account the natural mortality before and after the Holodomor, the number of people in these age categories changed slightly and even increased for the 43-47 category. The authors prove that migration in the intercensal period couldn’t have caused such growth, and the calculated coefficients confirm the questionable quality of the 1939 census. The paper reveals that the first stage of demographic transition should have been in 1...