Defining Digital Literacy in the Age of Computational Propaganda and Hate Spin Politics (original) (raw)
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Literation Media as Speech Hate Handling on Ahok on Social Media in Election in Dki Jakarta in 2017
The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2019
Introduction In fact, in the situation leading up to the democratic party in Indonesia, such as the election of the president and vice president, general elections to regional head elections have experienced their polemic which has resulted in an unnatural communication pattern in managing the victory strategy. In recent years, the process of human communication has experienced a significant revolution. This is evidenced by the emergence of the internet as a new media. The internet makes people able to communicate without being obstructed by distance and time. Gradually, there are more and more users of internet services in Indonesia. Based on data from the Internet Network User Association (APJI) every year Indonesia experiences a significant increase in internet user data. The number of internet users in Indonesia in 2017 reached 143.26 million, experiencing an increase from 2016 which reached 132.7 million [Retrieved on, 2 February 2019 from https://apjii.or.id). The use of the internet in 2017 has increased compared to 2016 which resulted in many news cases being disseminated through the internet such as news of hate speech and hoaxes that became news headlines, especially ahead of the democratic party in Indonesia [Retrieved on, 2 February 2019 from https: // apjii. or.id). The significant increase resulted in the ease of surfing on social media. In the end, the Indonesian National Police formed a special unit to quell crime in cyberspace, namely the Directorate of Cyber Crime Criminal Investigation. This is done because crime in cyberspace is increasing and is considered to require a special team to deal with it. From several cybercrimes, it can be said that the most prominent crime is the case of speech hate and hoax. Every human being can easily access the internet to get accurate information and is able to verify the data that we get to provide an understanding of media literacy activities that occur in organizational life will provide a clear picture of the ability to identify, determine, organize and use media and make information as consideration for decision making as Ahok volunteer team in facing the issue of utterances of hatred in the 2017 DKI Regional Election. The success team or volunteer team is one of the main factors in the success of an electoral process in a country, especially in Indonesia. This is also a difficult task faced by the Ahok volunteer team in the DKI Jakarta Pilkada in 2017. Success teams or volunteer teams must have focused and specific and consistent goals to carry out their tasks efficiently. In supporting this, the success team must have the skills to find accurate data, the data will be managed into clear and useful information in the process of selecting the Governor of DKI Jakarta in the DKI Jakarta Pilkada in one hand. success or volunteer teams must get information that can be accounted to the public and of course, that information is information based on valid sources. Indonesian society is a diverse society and can be seen from various perspectives including educational backgrounds, cultural customs, religions, social and political backgrounds. Such circumstances make the Indonesian
International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 2021
The aimed of this study is to explore how fake news through the media can disrupt socio-political stability and impede the implementation of various government policies that are being introduced, and how significant efforts are being made by all parties to ensure that hoax coverage does not spread through all lines of social life by providing a literacy education formula in the context of knowledge challenges that are difficult to address. It also analyzes how social media are used to construct strategies that can cloud the atmosphere of socio-political life and public morality, which seem to give priority to pro-people ethics, as is the case in Indonesia. In this study, a qualitative approach and posttruth theory are used as analytical perspectives in the interpretation of topics such as Covid-19 news and details in the presidential election contest of 2019. This study will also document how, through the mediation of hoax reporting through social media, online social media representations such as Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and other personal messaging applications are explored. So, of course, based on the findings of the preliminary observations, there needs to be a strategy for creating new, shifting narratives about different government policies based on relevant references, since modern media have an influence on the social, cultural, and political landscape of life. A proper media literacy and literacy analysis must also be carried out to see if offline communities with limited internet connectivity no longer accept the notion of 'hoax opinion' established in Indonesia. Therefore, literacy education would be able to reveal false knowledge that has spread through society and will correct any myths in social life.
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Book Chapters of The 1st Jakarta International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (JICoSSH)
The emergence of the internet and social media has changed the ease of interaction and the position of humans where they are no longer just as consumers, but as producers and distributors of messages. Whatsapp as the top three social media platforms that are widely used in Indonesia is one of the most common social media circulating information on hoaxes and hate speeches. With the massive information circulating on social media, new media literacy has a very significant role. Lecturers as professional and well-educated people should be able to understand, analyze, assess, and criticize every information carried by social media. But lately there have been various cases of misuse of social media involving lecturers to the realm of law. This will be a threat because lecturers are professions that are used as role models and key opinion leaders in the society. Therefore, researchers are interested in understanding the experience of new media literacy in the dissemination of information...
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During Indonesia's 2019 presidential election, social media was invigorated by a ‘war’ of political campaigns between the supporters of Joko Widodo - Ma'ruf Amin and Prabowo Subianto - Sandiaga Uno. Endless smear campaigns, memes, and slanders became viral on social media. Very few campaigns refrained from attacking competitors and remaining free from hate speech. This situation made it difficult for social media users – especially first-time voters, whose main reference of political news is social media – to distinguish between true and false news (hoaxes), and to determine and express their political attitudes. Consequently, many netizens had to deal with law enforcers because of uploading political opinions that are considered illegal under Indonesia’s Electronic Information and Transactions Law. This could have been prevented had the users been ‘social media-literate’, especially when it comes to political behavior. A survey was conducted on 100 Tanjung Pandan Belitung H...
Social Bots and Fake News as (not) seen from the Viewpoint of Digital Education Frameworks
Einzelbeiträge 2017
Over recent years, international organisations like the EU and UNESCO have set up a number of proposals, models and frameworks that seek (i) to map and to conceptualize digital literacy and related concepts, e. g. information, digital or media literacy, digital competence, digital skills and (ii) to formulate policies and recommendations based on the conceptualizations developed. The resulting frameworks, such as Digital Competence (DigComp) developed by the EU, or Media and Information Literacy (MIL) developed by UNESCO, have a strong formative power on a global scale. Affected are policies, laws, regulations, research activities, and academic disciplines like media pedagogy and mindsets. Do these frameworks consider the effects of disruptive attempts by digital media to intervene in public debates e. g. social bots, fake news and other manifestations of biased or false information online? Do they offer avenues for reflection and action to address them? Guided by these questions, t...
Indonesia and Social Media - How Social Media and Fake News enforce the politics of Prejudice
Passing requirement for the Class 'Politics and Journalism' by Professor Takeuchi Shunichi, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, 2018
In this paper, I planned to examine how Oligarch and Political actors in Indonesia making use out of Social Media Interaction (Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp) between the majority power (Islam extremist and right-wings) and the minority (Christians, Catholics, Chinese, left-wing, etc.) to benefit their political interests, by using the example case of blasphemy which is pointed towards Basuki Tjahaja Purnama or well-known as Ahok. This research aims to provide comprehensive analysis of Indonesian Social media and implications of insights towards possible political maneuver in accordance to it, and also try to make effort to explain how the rapid growth and distribution of information on the social media platform could affect our daily lives.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science, Political Science, and Humanities (ICoSPOLHUM 2020), 2021
The aimed of this study is to explore how fake news through the media can disrupt socio-political stability and impede the implementation of various government policies that are being introduced, and how significant efforts are being made by all parties to ensure that hoax coverage does not spread through all lines of social life by providing a literacy education formula in the context of knowledge challenges that are difficult to address. It also analyzes how social media are used to construct strategies that can cloud the atmosphere of socio-political life and public morality, which seem to give priority to pro-people ethics, as is the case in Indonesia. In this study, a qualitative approach and posttruth theory are used as analytical perspectives in the interpretation of topics such as Covid-19 news and details in the presidential election contest of 2019. This study will also document how, through the mediation of hoax reporting through social media, online social media representations such as Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and other personal messaging applications are explored. So, of course, based on the findings of the preliminary observations, there needs to be a strategy for creating new, shifting narratives about different government policies based on relevant references, since modern media have an influence on the social, cultural, and political landscape of life. A proper media literacy and literacy analysis must also be carried out to see if offline communities with limited internet connectivity no longer accept the notion of 'hoax opinion' established in Indonesia. Therefore, literacy education would be able to reveal false knowledge that has spread through society and will correct any myths in social life.
Social Media and the 2019 Indonesian Elections: Hoax Takes the Centre Stage
Southeast Asian Affairs, 2020
Concerns over online falsehoods (popularly called “hoax”) received outsized attention throughout Indonesia’s 2019 elections. Events such as the 212 Defend Islam Rally, past election experiences of intense political mudslinging and the 2016 U.S. presidential election have informed the nation’s perspective about hoax, seeing it as a term that imply division and could potentially tear apart the young democracy. Social media, especially encrypted platforms like WhatsApp, was used to spread hoaxes during the 2019 elections. The combination of the ability to be anonymous online, the rise of horizontal trust and the inability to critically evaluate online information meant that hoax campaigns gained traction during the election campaigning period. As terms like “buzzers” and “cyber troops/armies” were thrown about, it was clear that a climate of distrust had been established. While assessing the impact of hoaxes during the 2019 elections is challenging, overall level of trust in electoral institutions have been affected, serving as a backdrop to the worst national election-related violence to take place in Indonesia since 1999. Going forward, neither regulation of digital architecture nor cultivation of digital literacy alone is sufficient. Instead, a combination of different measures from diverse stakeholders in the society may offer a more practical solution towards resolving the challenges of hoax.
Strategies in Countering Hoax and Hate Speech in Indonesia
Sociological Jurisprudence Journal, 2021
Hoax and Hate Speech are cyber-crimes that are closely related to ideological, political and religious issues. In Indonesia, just before the 2019 Presidential Election, this crime is very common, mainly used to attack political opponents. In this study, we provide several samples of Hoax and Hate Speech crimes, namely those with ideological, political and religious nuances. We consider these three crime samples to be sufficient to illustrate that Hoax and Hate Speech greatly influence the stability of domestic security. Based on the results of research conducted at the Directorate of Cyber Crime Enforcement of the Indonesian Police Criminal Investigation Agency, we can conclude that the strategic steps that must be taken to tackle Hoax and Hate Speech are Preventive Efforts in the form of Cyber Patrol, Hoax labeling, analyzing media opinion trends, dissemination positive news through text media, clarification and public information, security carried out by cover names, cover jobs, a...
Reconfiguring Post-Ahok Populism, Post-Truth, and Cyberspace in Indonesia
Reconfiguring Post-Ahok Populism, Post-Truth, and Cyberspace in Indonesia, 2019
The current political tension in Indonesia has fuelled speculation that the political orientation in Indonesia itself is moving from the democratisation characterised by the paradoxes in various realms which degrade the subsistence quality of its democracy (Hadis, and Robison 2005; Mietzner 2011; Okamoto and Rozaki, 2006), to the contestation among distinct streams of populism (Hadiz and Robison 2017; Perastyawan 2018; Djani and Tornquist 2017). Furthermore, it is observed as the global phenomenon that cyberspace has become a significant site for such contestation, where disinformation and hate are frequently rampant (Bradshaw and Howard, 2017). In particular, Indonesia has recently witnessed the rise of political figures who embrace the aspiration of dissatisfied people; of these an Islamist group is one of the notable contestants among others attacking each other in cyberspace by frequent use of social media and fake news. This paper will, firstly, describe the nature of such populist cyber activities in the Indonesian political context, drawing primarily on that of the opposition parties' supporters in facing the 2019 presidential election, and, secondly, discuss the validity of the populist force in navigating Indonesian political dynamics, namely in terms of whether it will be a new political model or end up as a brief phenomenon empty of significance.