Use of a Self-Regulation Failure Framework and the NIMH Research Domain Criterion (RDoC) to Understand the Problem of Procrastination (original) (raw)
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The Roles of Self-Regulation and Self-Control in Procrastination
Juniper, 2019
Procrastination is a prevailing and pernicious form of self-regulatory failure. This common phenomenon can occur across a variety of life domains. Procrastination and impaired self-control or self-regulation often occur for many individuals which can lead to difficulty with daily issues such as controlling impulses and maintaining attention. Understanding how mechanisms of self-control and self-regulation work is an important issue. Despite large body research, findings in this field are often uncertain and its mechanisms and causes are ambiguous. The goal of this mini review is to explore the roles of self-control and self-regulation in procrastination.
Psychological Bulletin, 2007
Procrastination is a prevalent and pernicious form of self-regulatory failure that is not entirely understood. Hence, the relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical work is reviewed, drawing upon correlational, experimental, and qualitative findings. A meta-analysis of procrastination’s possible causes and effects, based on 691 correlations, reveals that neuroticism, rebelliousness, and sensation seeking show only a weak connection. Strong and consistent predictors of procrastination were task aversiveness, task delay, self efficacy, and impulsiveness, as well as conscientiousness and its facets of self-control, distractibility, organization, and achievement motivation. These effects prove consistent with temporal motivation theory, an integrative hybrid of expectancy theory and hyperbolic discounting. Continued research into procrastination should not be delayed, especially because its prevalence appears to be growing.
2007
Procrastination is a prevalent and pernicious form of self-regulatory failure that is not entirely understood. Hence, the relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical work is reviewed, drawing upon correlational, experimental, and qualitative findings. A meta-analysis of procrastination's possible causes and effects, based on 691 correlations, reveals that neuroticism, rebelliousness, and sensation seeking show only a weak connection. Strong and consistent predictors of procrastination were task aversiveness, task delay, selfefficacy, and impulsiveness, as well as conscientiousness and its facets of self-control, distractibility, organization, and achievement motivation. These effects prove consistent with temporal motivation theory, an integrative hybrid of expectancy theory and hyperbolic discounting. Continued research into procrastination should not be delayed, especially because its prevalence appears to be growing.
Procrastination: Self-regulation in Initiating Aversive Goals
Applied Psychology, 2000
Atermoyer (``remettre au lendemain ce que l'on peut faire le jour meà me'') est un phe nomeÁ ne courant, qui peut eà tre facilement reconnu comme une l'un de ces comportements de non travail et d'e vitement. Cependant les the ories de la motivation au travail n' ont pas consacre beaucoup d'attention aux raisons pour lesquelles les gens ne font pas certaines choses dans le travail. De meà me que l'e tude du comportement anormal sert aÁ comprendre le comportement normal, de meà me l'e tude de l'atermoiement augmente la compre hension de l'autore gulation. Dans cet article, l'atermoiement est compris comme le fait d'e viter la mise en úuvre d'une intention. Il se caracte rise par le soin mis aÁ esquiver l'intention et par la pre fe rence donne e aÁ un comportement ou aÁ des ide es qui distraient de la re pulsion aÁ l'intention. On identifie les variables, processus et conditions rtenant aux diffe rences individuelles. On suggeÁ re des strate gies pour surmonter l'atermoiement.
The Unintentional Procrastination Scale
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 2016
Procrastination refers to the delay or postponement of a task or decision and is often conceptualised as a failure of self-regulation. Recent research has suggested that procrastination could be delineated into two domains: intentional and unintentional. In this two-study paper, we aimed to develop a measure of unintentional procrastination (named the Unintentional Procrastination Scale or the 'UPS') and test whether this would be a stronger marker of psychopathology than intentional and general procrastination. In Study 1, a community sample of 139 participants completed a questionnaire that consisted of several items pertaining to unintentional procrastination that had been derived from theory, previous research, and clinical experience. Responses were subjected to a principle components analysis and assessment of internal consistency. In Study 2, a community sample of 155 participants completed the newly developed scale, along with measures of general and intentional procrastination, metacognitions about procrastination, and negative affect. Data from the UPS were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and revised accordingly. The UPS was then validated using correlation and regression analyses. The six-item UPS possesses construct and divergent validity and good internal consistency. The UPS appears to be a stronger marker of psychopathology than the pre-existing measures of procrastination used in this study. Results from the regression models suggest that both negative affect and metacognitions about procrastination differentiate between general, intentional, and
Procrastination refers to a prevalent self-regulatory failure that alludes to deferring necessary actions required to successfully complete tasks on time, and instead engaging in activities that are more rewarding with short term over long term gains (Aremu, Williams, & Adesina, 2011). Procrastination is identified as one of the least understood minor human miseries and a complex psychological phenomenon that not only leads to psychological distress, but also shows significant links to lower levels of health, wealth, and well-being (Balkis & Duru, 2007; Steel & Ferrari, 2013). Approximately, 20-25% of adult men and women living around the world are indulged in chronic procrastination in various domains like academic, social relationships, professional, and finance management (Balkis & Duru, 2007; Ferrari & Díaz-Morales, 2014). Some of the identified factors closely associated with procrastination include evaluation anxiety, task aversiveness, task delay, low self-efficacy, lack of persistence, dependence, fear of failure, negative evaluation, irrational beliefs, learned helplessness, and perfectionism (Schubert & Stewart, 2000; Steel, 2007; Steel & Ferrari, 2013). Procrastination tendencies also give rise to poor self-esteem, poor self-confidence, anxiety, public and private self-consciousness, and concerns over public image (Ferrari, 2001). The prevalence, predictors, causes, treatments, and implications of procrastination behavioral patterns in general, academic, and work settings are reviewed.
Dynamic interplay of depression, perfectionism, and self-regulation on procrastination
2014
This study aimed at investigating the intercorrelation among affective, cognitive and behavioural components on procrastination. A total of 402 undergraduate students (115 males, 286 females, 1 not indicated) participated in the study. Students completed the General Procrastination Scale, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and Self-regulation Inventory. A constructed hypothesised model was tested by utilising path analysis. Overall, the analysis indicated that the model sufficiently explained the data. The findings showed the multicorrelation among the variables, ranging from 14 to 58. Squared multiple correlation coefficients (R 2 ) of procrastination revealed that endogenous and mediator variables explained 33% of the total variance in procrastination. The results demonstrated the importance of affect, cognition and behaviour on problematic delay referred to as procrastination.
The Relationships Between Procrastination and Motivational Aspects of Self-Regulation
JURNAL PSIKOLOGI MALAYSIA, 2016
Many students in Malaysia are affected by procrastination. This study examines the relationship between academic procrastination and the motivational aspects of self-regulation. A sample, consisting of 310 undergraduates from two Universities in Perak, Malaysia, was recruited to complete a modified version of the Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS) and the Academic Motivation Scale-College (AMS-C 28). Interviews and focus groups were conducted to obtain details of social environments that contributed to students' procrastination in the engagement of academic activities. Results indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between academic procrastination and the intrinsic motivation. A significant positive correlation was found between academic procrastination and extrinsic motivation. The identified motivation style under the extrinsic categories was found to be most frequently used. The findings from qualitative data analysis gave explanations for the quantitative findings. Implication were discussed in the context of Malaysia where students always internalised parents' and society's expectations in their academic careers.
Procrastination: Causes, Mechanisms, Consequences, and Relationship with Mental Health
Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal , 2022
Procrastination is said to be an extremely prevalent and pernicious form of self-regulatory failure. The descriptive-correlational study aimed to determine the causes, mechanisms, consequences, and the correlation between procrastination and mental health among the senior high school students of Mahayag National High School. The 280 respondents were chosen through complete enumeration. The first questionnaire measures one's procrastinating tendency, while the second measures one's mental health. The researcher underwent the Research Ethics Committee review procedures to ensure that the "do no harm" policy was duly observed and proper permission and consent were secured. The results revealed that the respondents have a moderate level of procrastinating tendency. They tend to procrastinate but not the extreme and not in a customary manner. Regarding their mental health, mental health's positive affect cupped a good result while the negative affect yielded a fair result. The researcher concluded that the respondents' most common procrastinating tendency is the ningas cogon or maňana habit, running out of time and doing things intended to do days before. It is done in academic and household settings, manifested through watching television, going through social media accounts, and sleeping resulting in educational, psychological, and physiological consequences.