STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF DIFFERENT TRUSS MEMBERS USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR MINIMUM WEIGHT (original) (raw)

Structural Optimization of Truss Using Finite Element Analysis

IEEE, 2018

Trusses are most commonly used structure in industrial buildings, warehouses, bridges, transmission tower etc. There are different types of trusses available for construction. The analysis and design of an economical and stable truss system for utilization in industrial buildings., storage rooms., bridges., warehouses., transmission towers etc. is necessary. The present study is done on static analysis and optimization of truss system to get optimal and economical configuration of truss. Total cost of the structure depends upon mass of the structure and mass is directly relative to the material consumed by the skeleton of the structure. This paper presents the use of programming language MATLAB for static analysis of truss structure using “Finite Element Method” and the ‘Topology Optimization’ will be done based on the energy stored in the member. Static analysis of a 13 bar benchmark truss is done using MATLAB programming code and various results have been obtained. After interpret...

OPTIMIZATION OF STEEL ROOF TRUSSES

Journal ijetrm , 2024

The main purpose of this project was to study and apply the topology optimization on nine different truss geometry as plane truss by only using angle section. The need of this study arises when time is a constraint in the project, and it is difficult or taking much time to choose effective and economical truss geometry during the design period. Its main purpose is to determine the minimum angle section which can be used to design a truss geometry which should be safe and should be able to take loads which are common in Hamirpur region. Design loads were distributed to the joints so that no moment is generated over the members. Total five span (6m, 7m, 8m, 9m,10m) were analysed and designed with the guide of STAAD Pro in various geometries mentioned till the minimum steel take off was achieved. Optimal geometries from each span of each 9 trusses ( (Pitched Pratt Roof Truss, Pitched Howe Roof Truss, Fan Roof Truss, Pratt Roof Truss, Howe Roof Truss, Warren Roof Truss, Fink Roof Truss, Diamond Roof Truss, K roof truss) with pin and roller support ,were compared to determine whether it is the same effective geometry for different combinations of spans and heights. This work and analysis shows that no fixed most effective geometry can be determined for different as well as same span, height nor height over span ratio. For each case different geometry was obtained. However, close results were obtained where it does help to provide a good guideline in choosing a truss that does not waste much material. From the results it has been concluded that the warren truss geometry can be considered as the most effective geometry in terms of bearing loads. In this study it has been attributed that the arrangement of the web members and chord members has been done in symmetric manner which helps in better distribution of loads in trusses. It was also observed that if we increase the angle between the chords (tension and compression) then the truss geometry distributes the loads in more effective way. From the results obtained, an optimality curve has been derived for a better understanding of correlation between span, optimum depth and minimum self-weight for various configurations.

Optimization of a large steel truss structure used in civil engineering, by finite element method

This paper presents the optimized version of a steel structure used in civil engineering obtained thru a process of structural optimization using Finite Element Method. The main advantage of this optimized structure is the cost which is 50% smaller then the cost of a standard version of this steel structure. The optimization process was made using Finite Element Method and Ansys program. The paper presents the results of structural analysis of this optimized steel structure in two load cases: the snow weight and the seism simulation.

State-Of-The-Art Review On The Use Of Optimization Algorithms In Steel Truss

International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2020

Structural design optimization is a mathematical approach that concerns in finding the maxima and minima function subject to some constraints. This involves various optimization technique to find the best possible design in terms of weight, reliability and thus the overall cost. Various researchers have worked on different optimization techniques in finding out the efficient and light weight structures that are essential for the actual design of tall structures. This paper summarizes the various techniques of optimization of steel truss or towers that have been used till now. For this purpose, different optimization techniques have been studied which involves the various geometric constraints like changing the base width, bracing pattern, area of cross section. By reviewing the literature of the works done, the common objective emphasizes the need for finding the minimum weight of the structure. From studies we see optimization using metaheuristic algorithm are effective in order to solve truss problems. Metaheuristic algorithms are nature-inspired and most widely used due to its applicability and feasibility to various types of structures with many numbers of design variables. In this paper a 25-bar space benchmark truss has been considered for demonstrating the performance of various optimization algorithm. A comparative study is done based on the performance in lowering the weight of the total truss. Results shows that optimal weight of the truss structure can be obtained effectively using Whale optimization algorithm and it proved to be robust and efficient than other algorithms.

A new algorithm for size optimization of the truss structures using finite element method

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018

The paper presents a new algorithm for size optimization of the trusses using finite element method. The objective function was established based on weight minimization of trusses. The constraint conditions were formulated based on the conditions that the structure satisfies the strength, stiffness and compatibility requirements, and equilibrium equations. Determination of internal forces, displacements and establishment of the equations are based on finite element method. In order to solve optimization problems using finite element method, the authors proposed a new method for seeking optimal solutions. For truss weight optimization, the authors proposed a coefficient and called this coefficient as "the correlation coefficient of internal forces among truss elements". This coefficient shows the relationship between the internal forces of truss elements, which was used as the basis for re-selecting the dimensions of cross section of truss elements in iterative process. The paper introduces the calculation procedure and analysis algorithm for weight optimization of planar and space trusses. The examples for weight optimization of planar and space trusses were implemented in a subroutine written in Matlab software. The calculation results using the method proposed by the authors matched with the calculation results using other methods such as Hybridized Genetic Algorithm, Harmony search method, HyperWork, etc. However, using the method proposed by the authors gives less iterative circles.

Topology Optimisation of Warren Trusses

In this study we have considered 9 Warren truss each with a distinct span and height and each truss was subjected to 9 loading conditions and 81 cases were formulated. Each case was optimized to get a target stress of 100 MPa in each member and the steel Take Off was calculated. This steel take off was compared with other span and height combinations of the Warren truss for the same loading condition and the mass used of the steel was compared. In this way optimisation results in the efficient utilization of material and hence reducing the cost of the structure.

Design Optimization and Structural Analysis of Multi-Material Truss Structure

IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2017

Trusses are supporting structures for heavy loads. An effective design for the truss results in cheap, strong yet light weight structures. These modern days, trusses can be fabricated with different types of metallic and non-metallic materials. We focused on design and fabricating a square truss of span 1.5m, which is analyzed for different materials to get a desired optimum efficient truss design. The support conditions (fixed/hinged) and type of connection (welded/bolted) between truss members are also checked for the forces in truss members. These various truss analyses are performed using analysis software. Later, these analysis results are used for fabricating an efficient truss.

Optimization methods for truss geometry and topology design

Structural Optimization, 1994

Truss topology design for minimum external work (compliance) can be expressed in a number of equivalent potential or complementary energy problem formulations in terms of member forces, displacements and bar areas. Using duality principles and non-smooth analysis we show how displacements only as well as stresses only formulations can be obtained and discuss the implications these formulations have for the construction and implementation of efficient algorithms for large-scale truss topology design. The analysis covers min-max and weighted average multiple load designs with external as well as self-weight loads and extends to the topology design of reinforcement and the topology design of variable thickness sheets and sandwich plates. On the basis of topology design as an inner problem in a hierarchical procedure, the combined geometry and topology design of truss structures is also considered. Numerical results and illustrative examples are presented.

Optimization of Steel Truss Using Genetic Algorithm

Passer journal of basic and applied sciences, 2024

In this paper, an optimization study is presented, focusing on steel trusses. The main goal of this study is to reduce the weight of truss structures using a Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is a widely acknowledged evolutionary-based method known for its efficiency in solving intricate optimization problems. The design problem formulation takes into account various constraints, such as displacement, tensile stress, and minimum size requirements. These constraints are implemented in MATLAB, utilizing the ANSI/AISC 360-16 Specification as a guideline for designing tension and compression members. To determine the optimal design, the approach involves considering discrete design variables. This is achieved by selecting sections from a database containing all available steel sections specified in the AISC Steel Construction Manual, ensuring practical and feasible design solutions. The efficiency of the algorithm is validated through its application to several plane truss types. Through a comparison of the outcomes obtained from the proposed algorithm with the results generated by CSI-ETABS software, it is demonstrated that this approach consistently yields better weight optimization. Overall, the study showcases the effectiveness of the GA-based algorithm in optimizing the weight of steel trusses. The results and implications of the findings are thoroughly discussed in the paper; this study has the potential to make a substantial contribution to the field of structural optimization and design.

Topology Optimization of Truss

The optimal design of skeletal structure becomes imperative both from engineering and cost considerations in recent year. Total cost of the structure mainly depends on weight of the structure and weight of the structure is proportional to material distribution within the structure.