NEERA AND ITS IMPORTANCE-A REVIEW (original) (raw)
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Nature has made nutritive products in such a way that it cannot be manufactured in laboratories or in mills. Coconut Neera is the natural sap of the mature coconut palms rich with all essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins for human health. Harvesting of Neera from the spadix of the palms without disturbing the physiology of the tree has a lot of potential at the industrial scale. However, the development of alcohol in the extracted sap during tapping by auto-fermentation has given a misnomer for Neera as “sweet toddy”. Hence, the commercial popularity of Neera as a health drink has diminished at a global level. Though several traditional techniques like the usage of calcium hydroxide (lime) and the application of the chiller device during harvesting Neera from spadix have been practiced for collecting non-fermented Neera, none of the techniques were found acceptable at the commercial level. The results of the present study demonstrate the harvesting and processing procedure sta...
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Inflorescence Sap Nutritional Characteristics and Health Effects
Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine, 2020
Coconut is widely known as the tree of life. Every part of the tree is useful and therefore, coconut palm is an important economic crop of the local people. Neera is the exudate obtained from the unopened inflorescence of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). It is healthy and therapeutic drink since it is rich in Vitamin C, has more food calories than milk, fights diabetes, cancer, electrolyte deficiency and even hair fall. Neera is rich in minerals and vitamins and it contains glucamic acid necessary for protein synthesis. It aids in digestion health. Neera contains vitamins (A and C), which have anti - oxidant properties thereby preventing damage or death of cells. Neera contains acids nicotinic acid and riboflavin and also can be consumed by people suffering from diabetes since it has a low glycemic index and a low glycemic load. In the study discuss about chemical composition including total sugar, reducing sugar, ethanol and vitamins.
Journal of Crop and Weed, 2019
To revitalize the prospects of coconut farmers, an attempt was taken in BCKV during 2016-18 to make the two different types of unproductive coconut palms into productive ones and to study the impact of different seasons on yield and productivity of neera. Six treatments like T 1 = April-May, T 2 =June-July, T 3 =August-September, T 4 =October-November, T 5 =December-January, T 6 =February-March were considered following randomized block design (RBD). Among two different types of coconut, yellow type of unproductive palms recorded maximum neera yield of 86.1l from single inflorescence within a span of 60 days during October-November with a net annual return of Rs19180/ per palm where as green type of unproductive palms recorded 80.5 l of neera yield during October-November with an annual income of Rs17780/per palm. In case of productive palms, yellow type recorded highest neera yield of 89.4 liters from single inflorescence within a span of 60 days during the period of June-July out of which 60.1 l was harvested during night time. A comparative study between nut yield and neera yield of productive palms indicated that irrespective of any type return from neera is always higher than nut yield and it was maximum (Rs.19950/ palm/year) in yellow type. This indicated that instead of removing any unproductive palms neera production from these unproductive palms can give a very good monetary return which will ultimately help to uplift the economic status of the farmer by engaging a very good number of human resources for their livelihood security.
Studies on development of neera powder from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) neera by using spray dryer
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
Coconut sap (Neera) has natural source of proteins, vitamins minerals, and rich amount of sugar which is collected from coconut palm, but auto fermentation is a major drawback in coconut neera, spray drying is a tool to reduce the fermentation process. Coconut neera powder was developed through spray drying at different inlet air temperature (130 °C, 140 °C, and 150 °C) and TSS at 20° brix, 25° brix, 30° brix and feed rate of 25ml/min. Physical properties of coconut neera powder were investigated and mini spray drier was used. Study results indicated that the inlet air temperature of 130 °C and with the addition of carrier agent (Maltodextrin) 25° brix produces the maximum drying characters.
Consumers' Attitude Towards Neera: An Innovative Health Drink from Coconut
2016
The Indian food and beverage industry has witnessed drastic changes in recent years. These are in response to changing market dynamics and consumer trends. Neera, an unfermented sweet sap from coconut flowers, is turning out to the new organic health drink trend in Kerala. The present study attempts to determine consumers' attitude towards Neera and the criteria chose by consumers to prefer Neera based on demographic factors. Systematic random sampling was employed to collect data from 60 respondents. The study analyzed the consumption habit, intrinsic and extrinsic cues influencing the purchase decision. Also the study identified the various personal information sources and non personal/ promotional cues affecting the purchase decision of Neera. For testing hypothesis, Chi square, Friedman test and paired t test were employed. Conclusions were drawn based on the findings of the study. The study will be useful to the Neera manufacturers for framing appropriate marketing strategi...
Current Science, 2015
Fresh coconut sap (neera), if kept at room temperature for a couple of hours, undergoes fermentation. Fresh sap is golden in colour, with pH > 7 and has no foul odour. The traditional way of tapping, i.e. collecting the sap in a mud pot kept at the top of the palm under atmospheric temperature for 8-12 h, ferments the sap before collection itself. The colour turns whitish, pH drops to below 6 and odour of toddy (fermented smell) slowly develops. Hence the only way to avoid fermentation of sap is either keeping collection boxes at low temperature or to collect the sap every hour and store chilled. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute has developed 'coco-sap chiller' with ice cubes inside, which maintains the temperature at 2-3C for 10-12 h, and also keeps the sap fresh and unfermented. The sap collected is sweet, non-alcoholic and also free from contaminants like ants, insects, pollen, dust, etc. The fresh, hygienic and unfermented sap is called Kalparasa. It can be sold as a ready-to-serve health drink under refrigerated condition or can be processed into value-added natural products like sugar, jaggery, honey, syrup, etc. without the addition of chemicals.
Application of neem tree in agriculture, industry, medicine, and environment: a review
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2016
Background: The Neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) is native to the South Asian countries, but its cultivation has already spread to countries in other continents, always with tropical climates. It is used in Traditional Medicine. The objective of this review was to consult and discuss the application of the Neem tree in agriculture, industry, Medicine, and the environment. Materials and Methods: Literature retrieval was performed on four databases: OVID; PUBMED; EBSCOhost, and EMBASE, and in the ISI Web of Science. Key words for the search included Neem and Azadirachta indica. Results: A series of studies have demonstrated that the Neem tree has been used medicinally since ancient times. The bark, leaves, fruit, flowers, and roots have been employed, each with very favorable applications. The bark of the Neem tree is cool, bitter, astringent, pungent, and refreshing. It is useful for oral diseases, cough, fever, neuromuscular pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, intestinal parasites, wound healing, as a laxative, as an anti-hemorrhoidal, as an emetic, for skin diseases, to calm excessive thirst, eliminate toxins, as an astringent, an expectorant, and it purifies the blood and prevents damage caused by free radicals to the body, neutralizing this damage. It is also used to treat snake bites and insect bites. The flowers are utilized to regulate body heat. The oil is removed from the seed for pharmaceuticals, paper, and food. Plants, vegetables, and herbs employed as food for humans, and currently in Traditional Medicine, have been accepted as an essential contribution to drug discovery and in chemotherapy in cancer prevention and development. This vegetable oil has physicochemical properties that allow its proposal as a potential raw material for the soap industry. Conclusion: It was possible to know and discuss the variety of applications of the Neem tree, including the bark, leaves, fruit, flowers, and roots, each with very favorable applications in agriculture, industry, Medicine, and especially its use in the care environment.
Tender coconuts for nutritional security
2014
Not AvailableThe coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) nick-named as Kalpa vriksha, is a multipurpose palm grown widely in humid tropics, providing nutritious food and refreshing drink, oil for edible and non-edible uses, fibre, shell for fuel and industrial uses, timber and a variety of miscellaneous products for domestic and industrial uses. Its crop is of greater significance in generating employment, alleviating poverty and enhancing income to rural areas. It provides livelihood for 10 million people, contributing 6 per cent to the national vegetable oil pool.Not Availabl
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
The conservation and utilization of indigenous coconut accessions or germplasms has been undertaken worldwide due to is economic magnitude. The aim of present study was designed to evaluate the five Tamil Nadu (a southern India state) elite indigenous coconut accessions for high nut yield and nut quality. Experiments were conducted in Coconut Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Veppankulam, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India, during the years 2006 – 2020 for five accessions along with.two checks (Kerakeralam and Aliyarnagar Tall) under ICAR-AICRP on Palms programme. Among the five local genotypes conserved and evaluated, IC 599265 (Selection from Kasangadu local ECT) recorded higher annual nut yield (82 nuts/palm/year) with desirable nut quality characters like higher dehusked nut weight (620g/nut), higher kernel (286 g/nut) and copra content (160g/nut) followed by IC59924 (Selection from Adirampattinam local ECT) which was collected from coastal eco system. IC ...