The Impact of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture (original) (raw)

Global Warming and Its Possible Impact on Agriculture in India

Progress has been significant in climate science and the direct and indirect influences of climate on agricultural productivity. With the likely growth of the world's population toward 10 billion by 2050, demand for food crops will grow faster than demand for other crops. The prospective climate change is global warming (with associated changes in hydrologic regimes and other climatic variables) induced by the increasing concentration of radiatively active greenhouse gases. Climate models project that global surface air temperatures may increase by 4.0–5.8 C in the next few decades. These increases in temperature will probably offset the likely benefits of increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide on crop plants. Climate change would create new environmental conditions over space and time and in the intensity and frequency of weather and climate processes. Therefore, climate change has the potential to influence the productivity of agriculture significantly. Climate variability has also become a reality in India. The increase in mean temperature by 0.3–0.6 C per decade since the 1860s across India indicates significant warming due to climate change. This warming trend is comparable to global mean increases in temperature in the past 100 years. It is projected that rainfall patterns in India would change with the western and central areas witnessing as many as 15 more dry days each year, whereas the northern and northwestern areas could have 5 to 10 more days of rainfall annually. Thus, dry areas are expected to get drier and wet areas wetter. It is projected that India's population could reach 1.4 billion by 2025 and may exceed China's in the 2040s. If agricultural production is adversely affected by climate change, livelihood and food security in India would be at risk. Because the livelihood system in India is based on agriculture, climate change could cause increased crop failure and more frequent incidences of pests. Therefore, future challenges will be more complex and demanding. This chapter focuses on the variability of climate change and its probabilistic effects on agricultural productivity and adaptation and mitigation strategies that can help in managing the adverse effect of climate change on agricultural productivity, in particular for India.

CLIMATE CHANGE-AGRICULTURE NEXUS: INDIAN SCENARIO

Climate change impacts on agriculture are being witnessed all over the world but countries like India are more vulnerable in view of high population depending on agriculture and excessive pressure on natural resources. The agricultural sector represents 35% of India's Gross National Product (GNP) and as such plays a crucial role in the country's development. The impact of climate change on agriculture could result in problems with food security and may threaten the livelihood activities upon which much of the population depends. Climate change can affect crop yields (both positively and negatively), as well as the types of crops that can be grown in certain areas, by impacting agricultural inputs such as water for irrigation, amounts of solar radiation that affect plant growth, as well as the prevalence of pests.

Effect of Climate Change on Crop Production in India

International Association of Biologicals and Computational Digest

Agriculture and climate change are deeply intertwined. Crop production is highly sensitive to climate. It is affected by long-term trends in average rainfall and temperature, inter-annual climate variability, and extreme weather events. Climate change induced increases in temperatures, rainfall variation and the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events are adding to pressures on global agricultural and food systems. Climate change is expected to negatively affect both crop and livestock production systems in most regions, although some countries may actually benefit from the changing conditions. The changing climate is also adding to resource problems, such as water scarcity, pollution and soil degradation. Climate change is likely to contribute substantially to food insecurity in the future, by increasing food prices, and reducing food production. Climate change is already affecting agriculture, with effects unevenly distributed across the world. Future climate change will...

THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE: CASE OF INDIA

A Journal of Radix International Educational and Research Consortium, 2014

Climate change is one of the greatest threat challenge and at the same time opportunity to the mankind. In the last century, the surface temperature increase by 0.4°c this moderate change in the temperature has impacted the mankind adversely. Various researches has shown that there is increase in melting glaciers (including Himalayas) increase In humidity, increase in rainfall, frequent and intense storms, stronger winds, dust storms and increase in sea level. The increase in temperature has also resulted in marginal adverse impact on agriculture. The climate change can be used as an opportunity to bring in green technology, reduce emissions and keep the ecosystem intact for future generations. Various researchers, IPCC, Indian agriculture and research Institute study-on climate change has indicated reduction in productivity and loss of yield in wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, coffee, tea, coconut, onion, fruits, and vegetables and on milk production. The climate change impact on agriculture sector will threaten the food security issues. The reduction food and water may even fuel the conflicts and wars among economies. Hence organic and natural farming should be promoted along with implementation of other recommendations like ~sta111ishing Green Research Fund; management of water resources etc. if the warnings of IPCC and the other Institutions are not taken seriously the climate change may slowly pave the path ; to the extinction of human beings from the earth itself.

Impact of climate change on agriculture: An Indian perspective

India is the seventh largest country of the world. In India temperature will increase 3oC to 6oC and rainfall will increase 15-30% in 21 Centaury. While the global surface temperature is projected to increase by 1-4oC from 2100 for low emission scenario and 2.5-5.8oC for higher emission scenario in the atmosphere. This Paper has been prepared with the objects of provide key information on the impacts of climate on Indian agriculture. The greenhouses gas emissions increases day by day in the atmosphere from the many sources such as industrial sources crop production and fossil fuel combustion. These are the major sources for the climate change. The global increases in carbon dioxide concentration are due primarily to fossil fuel use and land use change, while those of methane and nitrous oxide are primarily due to agriculture. Currently Available general circulation models (GCMs) suggest that the area-averaged annual mean warming would be about 3°C in the decade of the 2050s and about 5°C in the decade of the 2080s over the land regions of Asia as a result of future increases in atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. In Rajasthan, a 2°C rise in temperature was estimated to reduce production of pearl millet by 10-15 per cent (Y S Ramakrishna et al.,). The state of Madhya Pradesh, where soybean is grown on 77 per cent of all agricultural land, could dubiously benefit from an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Effect of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture

One of the major challenges facing humankind is to provide an equitable standard of living for present and future generations: adequate food, water, energy, safe shelter and a healthy environment. But, global environmental issues such as land degradation, loss of biodiversity, stratospheric ozone depletion along with human-induced climate change, threatens our ability to meet the basic human needs. The Third Assessment Report (TAR) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reaffirms that the climate is changing in ways that cannot be accounted for by natural variability and that 'global warming' is happening. Global mean temperatures have risen (0.6oC in the last century), with the last decade being the warmest on record. Climate change will, in many parts of the world, adversely affect socioeconomic sectors, including water resources, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and human settlements, ecological systems and human health, especially in developing countries due to their vulnerability.

Climate Change and Agriculture: An Indian Perspective: A Review

Agricultural Reviews, 2021

Industrial revolution and fast deforestation in 20th century pushes the earth to face climate change. Climate change became one of the most important global environmental challenges of the 21st century. Besides other weather abnormalities it is potential threat to world food security as agriculture production is directly dependent on various weather parameters. Even a small alteration in climate, adversely affects agriculture by decreasing the production. Global temperatures have already increased by 0.70°C over the past century and prediction of more rise of temperature is there. Possible changes in temperature, precipitation and CO2 concentration are expected to significantly impact crop growth. India could experience a 40% decline in agricultural productivity by the 2080s. Various food grain crops are going to affect badly under the temperature rise situation. It has been projected that under the scenario of a 2.50°C to 4.90°C temperature rise, rice yields will drop by 32% to 40%...

Climate change vis-a-vis Indian agriculture

2012

Climate change and variability are posing the serious challenges influencing the performance of Indian agriculture. The fourth IPCC report clearly brought out the global and regional impacts of projected climate change on agriculture. India being a large country with diverse agro-climatic regions is more vulnerable in view of huge population dependant on agriculture and poor coping mechanism. There are evidences already of negative impacts on yield of wheat, rice and other crops in parts of India due to increased temperature, increased water stress and reduction in number of rainy days which in turn would result in greater instability in food production. Researchers and policy framers should develop a comprehensive adaptation and mitigation strategies for coping the adverse impact of climate change. Changes in land use management, development of multiple stress tolerant varieties, efficient cropping systems that match with changed rainfall patterns, resource conservation technologie...

A Review on Climate Change and its Impact on Agriculture in India

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology

Agriculture sector is of the utmost importance to the economy of a country and incidentally it is also most vulnerable to global climate change. Climate change is taking a toll on India’s agricultural production and productivity. Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) has projected that by the end of 21st century temperature in India is likely to increase by 3-4°C which would lead to a loss of 3-26% in net agricultural revenues. Aggravated climatic factors will ultimately decline plant productivity, which will result in increased prices and unaffordable rates for the common population. The absence of mitigation and adaptation measures may result in lower farm income by 12-40% in the coming years. This issue is an important concern for livelihood, economic development and ensuring food and job security of an agrarian nation like India. The causes that ultimately are contributing to increase in greenhouse gases, deterioration of soil and water ecology must be identified and ...

Analytical Study on Impact of Climate Change on India Agriculture

2017

Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. This paper estimates the economic impact of climate change on Indian agriculture. The largest known economic impact of climate change is upon agriculture because of the size and sensitivity of the sector. The climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. The consequences of agriculture's contribution to climate change, and of climate change's negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and livelihoods and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with. The present paper focused on the current scenario of agriculture in India and the various implications of climate change on food security and livelihoods.