Pömmelte und Schönebeck - Tradition und Aufbruch (original) (raw)
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Zu den Scheibenkopfnadeln der Pommerschen Kultur
The Early Iron Age in Central Europe. Proceedings of the conference held on the 2nd–4th of July 2015 in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, 2018
The paper focuses on one of the most frequent group of the archaeological finds of the Pomeranian culture: pins with disc-shaped head. The following points of the analysis are emphasized: history of a research, formal and stylistic differences, distribution or their depictions on the face urns. Special attention is paid to the pins with great bowl-shaped depression on the disc-shaped pin heads. The paper presents also the brief evolution of these pins with regard to the new finds, as well as to a chronological issues, further brings the analysis of their finding contexts and also points out the stylistic similarities with other categories of the finds. Here presented complex analysis results in the chronological classification of this type of pins.
Die Roemer auf den Paessen der Ostalpen
2004
"The present study describes the history and the archaeological evidence of the passes and mountain roads in the eastern Alps from the beginning of Roman influence in the 1st half of the 2nd century BC to late antiquity. Based on ancient literary sources, which describe the Alps, their geography, their economic system and their political history, this study is an extension of research by ancient historians, who explored the slow expansion of the Roman Empire into the eastern Alps, and the special relationship between ancient human beings and the hostile environment of the high alpine regions. Ancient writers handed down the knowledge of their time about the extension, the height and form of the Alps. In addition to that, we have the names of the most important passes, mountain ranges and rivers, as well as descriptions of the typical products of the alpine regions from cheese to ferrum Noricum. There are also descriptions of the harsh climate and various dangers that faced travellers willing to make the journey over the Alps. These dangers effected special religious behaviour and rites on top of the passes in hopes of attaining the mercy of the gods. While Roman trade relations had already expanded from Aquileia since the 1st half of the 2nd century BC into the eastern Alps, the leading political groups in Rome showed little interest in that area and pushed ahead a very defensive policy which tried to define the Roman border along the first mountain ranges of the Carnian and Julian Alps. That policy was changed only near the end of the 1st century BC and between 15 BC and the middle of the 1st century AD, when the eastern Alps were integrated into the Roman Empire. From that moment, the first big street building programs were carried out, beginning with the renowned Via Claudia Augusta. Until the first Marcomannic invasions 160-180 AD, a heavy road net was build, mainly determined by economic considerations. During this period, not only are there archaeological traces on the most important passes used by the cursus publicus, but also on many smaller passes used by local traffic. Unfortunately, the fully developed Roman road system allowed access to the Germans, who invaded as far as northern Italy, crossing the pass Ad Pirum in the Julian Alps. Nevertheless, emperors like Septimius Severus carried out new road building projects and renewed the old traffic lines in Raetia and Noricum, until c. 270 AD, when the Roman Empire fell into general crisis and certain important roads were deserted and not maintained for many years. In late antiquity, with the reforms of Emperor Diocletian, the situation stabilized for many decades. A new phenomenon can be observed along different passes: the building of fortification systems and walls to protect the entrances to Italy. At the end of the 4th century AD, the final deterioration of the roman road system begins and Roman traffic came to a nearly complete end with the destruction of Aquileia in 452 AD. From numerous passes in the eastern Alps we have Roman evidence and small finds: stations along the most important connections like Immurium under the Radstädter Tauern pass (Salzburg), several milestones, well preserved remains of Roman road constructions as on the Korntauern and Mallnitzer Tauern, exact dated streets like in the Via Claudia Augusta in the Lermooser Moos (Tirol), street building inscriptions like on the Plökenpass (Venetia – Carinthia), sanctuaries and shrines with small cultic statues in high alpine regions like at the Hochtor under the Großglockner (Salzburg) or large fortification systems like on the pass Ad Pirum (Slovenia). This evidence shows a very diverse picture of Roman life in the highest areas of the eastern Alps and it can be compared easily with the much more famous evidence from the passes of the western Alps."
Pommerscher Kulturwandel im Spiegel der Sagen. Stichproben 1840–1848 und 1948
Katarzyna Krasoń / Bernd Haedrich (red./Hg.): Interkulturowy dialog polsko-niemiecki i niemiecko-polski. III Mit, baśń i legenda w literaturach europejskich / Interkultureller polnisch-deutscher und Deutsch-polnischer Dialog. III. Mythos, Märchen und Sage in europäischen Literaturen, Szczecin, 2014
The paper "Cultural Changes in Western Pomerania in the Light of Folk Tales (Contributions from 1840-1848 and 1948)" deals with the cultural changes that occurred in Western Pomerania during the 19th and 20th century and resulted from the unification process of Germany and the political transformations after World War II. The analysis is based od three works of reference: two anthologies of Pomeranian folk tales - by Jodocus Donatus Hubertus Temme from 1840 and by Adalbert Kuhn and Wilhelm Schwartz from 1848 - and Tymoteusz Karpowicz's literary debut "Pomeranian legends", published in the Polish Szczecin in 1948 - proof of great vitality od folk tales and legends, regardless of the socio-political situation or nationality.
Demant & Zeiler 2019 – Luppen und geschmiedete Stangen des Mittelalters aus Burbach-Lippe – AiW
2019
Daniel Demant & Manuel Zeiler (2019): Luppen und geschmiedete Stangen des Mittelalters aus Burbach-Lippe. Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe 2018, 236-239. For the first time in Westphalia, completely preserved lumps of bloom were found near Burbach-Lippe in the Siegerland region. They were discovered lying on a slag heap at a smelting site dating from the Iron Age and the Middle Ages, which was examined by means of small test excavations. Scientific analyses provided evidence of various processes involved in the production of steel from bloom to ingot. Bei Burbach-Lippe im Siegerland wurden erstmals für Westfalen komplett erhaltene Luppen entdeckt. Sie lagen auf der Schlackenhalde eines Verhüttungsplatzes der mit kleinen Sondagen untersucht wurde und in die Eisenzeit sowie das Mittelalter datiert. Naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen wiesen unterschiedliche Herstellungsverfahren des Stahls von Luppe und Barren nach.
Mahlsteine aus dem Ringheiligtum Pömmelte
2016
- Saddle querns form the circular enclosure Pömmelte - Starting in the early Neolithic mill stones were important tools of subsistence production. Hence it is not surprising that they were not just objects of “profane” everyday activities, but had symbolic meaning. After giving a short introduction, focussing on quern stone deposits of the Neolithic, this paper reflects on the symbolism of saddle querns found in the circular enclosure of Pömmelte (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany). This complex sanctuary dates to the late 3rd millennium BC. As they were items of multistep deposition sequences, it can be concluded that the mill stones were “discarded” ritual paraphernalia. The slabs and querns had been deposited in a specific area of the enclosure. It correlates with the distribution of all quern fragments that exclusively come from non-deposition context. This suggests that the saddle querns can be understood as metaphorical icons related to the cosmology of the late 3rd millennium BC. - Mahlsteine aus dem Ringheiligtum Pömmelte - Seit dem Frühneolithikum besaßen Mahlsteine wichtige Funktionen im Rahmen der Subsistenzsicherung. Sie waren daher nicht nur „profane“ Alltagsgeräte, sondern hatten sicherlich auch symbolische Bedeutung. Nach einer kurzen Einleitung, unter Fokus auf Mahlsteindeponierungen des Neolithikums, erörtert dieser Beitrag den Symbolgehalt von Schiebenmühlen aus dem Rondell Pömmelte (Salzlandkreis, Sachsen-Anhalt). Dieses komplexe Heiligtum datiert ins ausgehende 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr. Als Bestandteil mehrstufiger Deponierungsabfolgen waren die Mahlsteine offenbar „entsorgte“ Ritualgeräte. Man hatte sie bewusst nur in einem bestimmten Areal des Rondells deponiert. Es deckt sich mit der Verteilung aller Mahlsteinfragmente, die ausschließlich aus Nichtdepotkontexten stammen. Es deutet sich somit an, dass die Schiebemühlen und deren Komponenten als metaphorische Zeichen mit Bezug zur Kosmologie am Ende des 3. Jahrtausends v. Chr. verstanden werden können.
Siedlungsarchäologie des Endneolithikums und der frühen Bronzezeit. Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Settlement Archaeology. 11. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 18. bis 20. Oktober 2018 in Halle (Saale), 2019
Research carried out at Pömmelte and Schönebeck, Salzlandkreis district, over the past 15 years has significantly expanded our knowledge on roundels dating from the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. Such circular sanctuaries were multi-layered metaphors which probably served as focal points within a more extensive sacred landscape. However, they were not isolated locations segregated from people’s everyday lives, but functioned as key sites for the activities that took place in the settlements of the period. Ground plans of Final Neolithic and Early Bronze Age houses were found in the immediate vicinity of both roundels presented here. The example of Pömmelte suggests that the roundel and its associated settlement appeared and flourished around the same time. The multi-stage development began with a number of buildings dating from the Bell Beaker Culture and culminated in a hamlet or village comprised of several farmsteads in the beginning to early stages of the Early Bronze Age. Several centuries later, the settlement activities finally declined, probably in conjunction with the dwindling importance of the roundel and its ultimate dismantling around 2o5o BC. The site therefore apparently experienced continuity at two levels from the (Late) Bell Beaker Culture to the Early Únětice Culture, which lasted as long as the Early Bronze Age society remained rooted in Final Neolithic traditions. In: H. Meller / S. Friederich / M. Küßner / H. Stäuble / R. Risch (Hrsg.), Siedlungsarchäologie des Endneolithikums und der frühen Bronzezeit. Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Settlement Archaeology. 11. Mitteldeutscher Archäologentag vom 18. bis 20. Oktober 2018 in Halle (Saale). Tagungen des Landsmus. für Vorgesch. Halle 20 (Halle/Saale 2019), 289-317.
Plaggenesche mit Wölbacker-Vergangenheit in Heek-Nienborg
Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe 2019, 2020
Archaeological excavation of a former open-strip field at Heek-Nienborg revealed a buried ridge-and-furrow system within a black plaggic anthrosol. During the Middle Ages, dung-enriched grass sods were used to manure the fields in the context of so-called plaggen agriculture. Around AD 1500 the origin of the sods abruptly changed and the plaggen were from then on cut from heathland. As a result, a black plaggic anthrosol covered older brown plaggen soil. A comparison with the cadastral map of the 19th century indicates that the parcels of the open-strip field had not changed since the Late Middle Ages.
In: H. Meller, H. W. Arz, R. Jung and R. Risch (Eds.), 2200 BC – Ein Klimasturz als Ursache für den Zerfall der Alten Welt? / 2200 BC – A climatic breakdown as a cause for the collapse of the old world? (Halle/Saale 2015), 793-800, 2015
The rondel enclosure at Pömmelte-Zackmünde, Salzlandkreis, consisting of several concentric circles, dates to the transition from the Final Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. Its signif- icance as a sacred site and as a place for the performance of rituals, motivated – presumably – by religious and ideolog- ical ideas, can be deduced from the complexity of the architecture, the numerous deliberate depositions, and the nds. That it also had a social function can be seen from the way in which the sacred space was organised and from the positioning of the burials within it. Through its architec- ture, the rondel was intended to reinforce the social order. The nds recovered from the rondel re ect the close links between the material remains of the local late Bell Beaker Culture population groups of Central Germany and the very early Únětice Culture groups. Stratigraphic indicators and absolute dates show the bearers of the Bell Beaker Culture to have been the original builders of the complex. During a second phase of use, the coexistence and close intermeshing of Final Neolithic and Early Bronze Age cultural phenomena is evident. These are joined by a third component in the ce- ramic spectrum, which can be associated with residual in u- ences of the Single Grave Culture, of northern Central Euro- pean provenience, along the northern periphery of the Únětice Culture. Although features characteristic of different archaeologically-recognised cultural groups and various geographical regions can be identi ed, the material remains should not be taken as evidence that the rondel was used by successive groups of differing archaeological cultures. Rather, they bear witness to a cultural transition from the Bell Beaker Culture to the Únětice Culture between the 23rd century BC and 2oth century BC.
Hoch im Norden ... Vierknopffibeln aus Immenbeck
Kegler, Jan F. (Hrsg.) Ostfriesland | Niedersachsenweit, Festschrift für Rolf Bärenfänger. Abhandlungen und Vorträge zur Geschichte Ostfrieslands Bd. 87 (Aurich 2020), 2020
Erstmals wurden so weit im Norden die seltenen Vierknopffibeln als Schmuckbeigaben in einem Grab gefunden. Ihre Auffindung unterstreicht mit zahlreichen weiteren Importfunden, dass der Ort, zu dem das Gräberfeld von Immenbeck gehörte, im 5. und 6. Jahrhundert eine Handelsdrehscheibe war.