A Review on Studies and Research on Manganese Removal (original) (raw)
Related papers
Manganese removal in groundwater treatment: practice, problems and probable solutions
Water Supply, 2009
Most drinking water production plants use rapid sand filters for the removal of manganese from groundwater. The start-up of manganese removal on newly installed sand media is slow, taking several weeks till months. Reducing this period in order to prevent the loss of water during this phase has become an issue of concern. In this study pilot and bench scale experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism, influence of operational conditions (e.g. filtration rate, manganese loading) and measures that enhance manganese removal capacity of the sand media. Other filter media were investigated with the objective of finding suitable substitutes for the sand. The development of the adsorptive/catalytic coating the sand media in a pilot plant was very slow, notwithstanding the relatively high pH of 8. Low manganese concentration and more frequent backwashing resulted in a longer start up period of the manganese removal. It can not be excluded, that nitrite has a negative effect as w...
Significance of MnO2 Type and Solution Parameters in Manganese Removal from Water Solution
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
A very low concentration of manganese (Mn) in water is a critical issue for municipal and industrial water supply systems. Mn removal technology is based on the use of manganese oxides (MnOx), especially manganese dioxide (MnO2) polymorphs, under different conditions of pH and ionic strength (water salinity). The statistical significance of the impact of polymorph type (akhtenskite ε-MnO2, birnessite δ-MnO2, cryptomelane α-MnO2 and pyrolusite β-MnO2), pH (2–9) and ionic strength (1–50 mmol/L) of solution on the adsorption level of Mn was investigated. The analysis of variance and the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis H test were applied. Before and after Mn adsorption, the tested polymorphs were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope techniques and gas porosimetry analysis. Here we demonstrated the significant differences in adsorption level between MnO2 polymorphs’ type and pH; however, the statistical analysis proves that the type of MnO2 has a four times ...
Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET), 2021
In Malaysia, the quality of groundwater as one of the main sources drinking water is deteriorated due to the presence of a high level of manganese, which exceeds the allowable values for drinking water consumption. Manganese at concentration higher than 0.1 mg/L causes staining, high turbidity and bad taste problem in drinking water, and eventually can cause a depletion of brain dopamine and a syndrome of motor dysfunction and memory loss resembling Parkinson disease. Several methods have been used to eliminate manganese from the groundwater, which include precipitation, coagulation, ion exchange, oxidation and filtration, aeration, activated carbon adsorption, ionic liquid extraction and biosorption. Among those methods, adsorption is the most efficient and cheaper method to remove heavy metal as the operation is easily be controlled and the reversible adsorbents can be regenerated through a suitable process. Membrane filtration on the other hand particularly reverse osmosis and na...
Water Research, 2014
Manganese-oxidizing bacteria a b s t r a c t Soluble manganese (Mn) presents a significant treatment challenge to many water utilities, causing aesthetic and operational concerns. While application of free chlorine to oxidize Mn prior to filtration can be effective, this is not feasible for surface water treatment plants using ozonation followed by biofiltration because it inhibits biological removal of organics.
Drinking water characterization and removal of manganese. Removal of manganese from water
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2018
Samples of drinking water were taken during a year from two wells; all samples were tested for pH, temperature, electric conductivity, dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, acidity, alkalinity hardness, chloride, nitrites, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, Ca, Mn, Mg, Na, K, and Si. The analysis showed that the concentration of manganese in one well was higher than the official regulations. Qualitative and quantitative models were applied to determine the stability of water and the corrosion indexes were determined; the results indicated that water was aggressive or corrosive. Manganese was removed from drinking water by using a sodium modified zeolitic tuff; the kinetic equilibrium was reached in 48 hours. 10 mL/20 mg ratio was enough to remove the excess of manganese from aqueous solutions and 10
Iron and manganese removal from drinking water
Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering, 2015
The purpose of the present study is to find a suitable method for removal of iron and manganese from ground water, considering both local economical and environmental aspects. Ground water is a highly important source of drinking water in Romania. Ground water is naturally pure from bacteria at a 25 m depth or more. However, solved metals may occur and if the levels are too high, the water is not drinkable. Different processes, such as electrochemical and combined electrochemical-adsorption methods have been applied to determine metals content in accordance to reports of National Water Agency from Romania (ANAR). Every water source contains dissolved or particulate compounds. The concentrations of these compounds can affect health, productivity, compliance requirements, or serviceability and cannot be economically removed by conventional filtration means. In this study, we made a comparison between the electrochemical and adsorption methods (using membranes). Both methods have been used to evaluate the efficiency of iron and manganese removal at various times and temperatures. We used two membrane types: composite and cellulose, respectively. Different approaches, including lowering the initial current density and increasing the initial pH were applied. Reaction kinetics was achieved using mathematical models: Jura and Temkin.
Kinetics of manganese removal from bore well water using Katalox Light, Birm and ISR
Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education
Groundwater scarcity and quality degradation has been a pertinent issue in Kathmandu Valley (KV). The high concentration of Manganese in the groundwater is the major issue in the drinking water quality. This research work presents the removal Manganese through comparative study between Katalox light filtration model (KLFM) and Rapid sand filtration model (RSFM) at three different flow rates. Gravel, Katalox light, Burgess Iron Removal Method (BIRM), Iron Specific Resin (ISR) and sand are commonly used filter media for KLFM and RSFM respectively. KLFM filtration is physio-catalytic adsorption purification process of high removal capacity of Manganese at higher pH. Two identical filter columns packed with Katalox light 1.24mm size (depth 96.52cm), ISR 0.56mm size (depth 5.1cm), BIRM 1.23mm size (depth 38.1cm) and sand 0.57mm size (depth 60cm) were used and operated at three discharges viz., 0.018L/s, 0.020L/s and 0.022 L/s at Manohara-Besi Water Supply Committee located in Changunaray...
The use of limestone, lime and MnO 2 in the removal of soluble manganese from acid mine drainage
Water Pollution X, 2010
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the main environmental issues faced by the mining industry. The acid mine water generally contains metals above the permissible discharging levels. Manganese is particularly present in this effluent and its removal is notoriously difficult due to its high solubility over a wide range of pH. While most of the metals precipitates at a pH below neutrality, the pH necessary for manganese precipitation is very high, above 10. Most systems that effectively removes this element from mine waters uses the oxidation of Mn (II) followed by precipitation at an elevated pH. Precipitation consumes a great amount of lime, which implies in a high operational cost. Besides, the process generates a large amount of sludge containing metals which have to be disposed of. The objective of this study is to optimize the removal of manganese by using a laboratory prepared acid solution and an acid effluent from Poços de Caldas uranium mine (Brazil), in order to achieve the Mn permitted level for discharging (<1mg/L) and to reduce the amount of sludge generated. The precipitation process has been studied using lime, limestone and a nonconventional catalyst/adsorbent (MnO 2 residue). The results obtained showed that both lime and limestone are effective in the removal of Mn in a pH higher than 10. However, there is a slight difference between the two reagents and lime shows a better performance. The volume of precipitate generated by the addition of lime was 50% smaller than that obtained when limestone was used. The use of the non-conventional material made the removal of almost 100% of the Mn possible as the concentration of manganese was reduced from 140mg/L to <1mg/L at a pH near neutrality (6.8 to 7.2). The final effluent complies with the recommended value for manganese discharge.
The Application of MnO2 in the Removal of Manganese from Acid Mine Water
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2013
In recent years, much attention has been devoted in developing inexpensive or alternative systems for treating acid mine drainage (AMD). Manganese is a common component of AMD, and it is traditionally removed by precipitation. However, in order to meet the standard limits for discharging, usually <1 mg L −1 , it is necessary to raise the pH above 10 which implies in high consumption of reagents and a final pH that does not meet the required value for discharging. This study investigated the removal of manganese from an acid mine effluent and laboratory solutions by using an industrial residue consisted of manganese dioxide (MnO 2). The pH of the acid effluent is around 2.7, and the manganese concentration is approximately 140 mg L −1. Batch experiments assessed the influence of pH and the efficiency of manganese dioxide (MnO 2) in the Mn +2 removal. In the presence of MnO 2 , the metal concentration meets the discharging limit at pH range of 6.8 to 7.2. Experiments carried out with columns packed with MnO 2 assessed the influence of the flow rate on the process. Best results were obtained for columns fed with mine water neutralized with limestone at pH 7.0 and a residence time of 3.3 h. The maximum manganese loading capacity for MnO 2 was around 14 mg g −1. RAMAN spectroscopy showed that the MnO 2 is essentially constituted of pyrolusite. In addition, the solid hausmannite (Mn 3 O 4) was observed on the surface of the MnO 2 residue after its contact with the Mn +2 solution.
Manganese removal processes at 10 groundwater fed full-scale drinking water treatment plants
Water Quality Research Journal, 2019
Manganese (Mn) removal in drinking water filters is facilitated by biological and physico-chemical processes. However, there is limited information about the dominant processes for Mn removal in full-scale matured filters with different filter materials over filter depth. Water and filter material samples were collected from 10 full-scale drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) to characterise the Mn removal processes, to evaluate the potential use of enhancers and to gain further insight on operational conditions of matured filters for the efficient Mn removal. The first-order Mn removal constant at the DWTPs varied from 10−2 to 10−1 min−1. The amount of Mn coating on the filter material grains showed a strong correlation with the amount of iron, calcium and total coating, but no correlation with the concentration of ATP. Inhibition of biological activity showed that Mn removal in matured filters was dominated by physico-chemical processes (59–97%). Addition of phosphorus and trace...