Chemical Science Review and Letters Phenolic profiling of fruit extracts: A discriminative peak analysis through diode array detection in HPLC analysis (original) (raw)
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This study aimed to investigate selected bioactive components in three underutilized wild edible exotic fruits (Syzygium guineense Wild. DC, Ziziphus spina-christi L., and Citrus medica L.), using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (HPTLC-UV-Vis), treated under three drying conditions. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to extract the target bioactive components under specified conditions, i.e., time of 15 min, temperature of 35 °C, methanol and water 75/25, v/v, and fruit powder-to-solvent ratio of 1:15, w/v. The mobile phase ratio for rutin, kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin was toluene/ethylacetate/methanol/formic acid at 20:12:8:4, whereas, for phenolic acids, the ratio was 10:15:10:5, respectively. The HPTLC plates were scanned to identify and quantify selected compounds (phenolic acids, quercetin, rutin, myricetin, and kaempferol) at their maximum optimized absorption wavelengths. The contents of target bioactive compon...
Advanced Analytical Methods for Phenolics in Fruits
Journal of Food Quality, 2018
Phenolic compounds are a group of secondary plant metabolites, many with health-promoting properties that are present in all parts of plants. They have an aromatic structure, including either one or more hydroxyl groups giving them the ability to stabilize free radicals and protect biological tissues against damage related to reactive oxygen species. Phenolic compounds are concentrated in the fruit of plants, and therefore, the fruit can be an important dietary source of these phytochemicals, which exist as monomers, or bound to one another. Polyphenolic compounds are classified into different subclasses based upon the number of phenol ring systems that they contain, saturation, and length of the carbon chain that bind the rings to one another. The phenolic acids present in fruit tissues protect the plant against disease, infections, UV radiation, and insect damage. For this reason, the beneficiary effects of phenolic compounds are continually being investigated for their health-pro...
Determination of Phenolic Compounds Using HPLC-UV Method in Wild Fruit Species
Horticulturae, 2022
Plant parts of some spontaneous fruit species were analyzed by HPLC-UV method to determine their content in phenolic compounds. Buds, leaves, flowers, and fruits were harvested from 11 wild fruit species of medicinal, food, and therapeutic interest: European crab apple, European wild pear, blackthorn, dog rose, elder, dewberry, wild blackberry, cornelian cherry, red hawthorn, black hawthorn, and green strawberry. The studied species were analyzed for the presence and amount of phenolic compounds: flavonoids from the subclasses flavanols (catechin hydrate and epicatechin) and flavonols (rutin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol) together with phenolic acids belonging to the hydroxybenzoic acid subclass (ellagic, gallic, syringic, vanillic, and salicylic) and hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, p-coumaric, neochlorogenic, and chlorogenic). The obtained results confirm the presence of bioactive compounds in different plant parts in wild fruit species. The variability id...
Food Chemistry, 2016
HPLC-UV was applied to the analysis and characterization of fruit-based and fruitprocessed products. A Kinetex C18 reversed-phase column was proposed under gradient elution for the determination of 17 polyphenols. Acceptable sensitivity (LODs below 0.16 mg/L), and good linearity (r 2 higher then 0.995), precision (RSD below 6.8%), and method trueness (relative errors below 11%) were obtained. Data corresponding to polyphenolic peak areas and HPLC-UV chromatographic fingerprints were then analyzed by exploratory principal component analysis (PCA) to extract information of the most significant variables contributing to characterization and classification of analyzed samples regarding the fruit of origin. HPLC-UV chromatographic data was further treated by partial least square (PLS) regression to determine the percentages of adulteration in cranberry-fruit extracts. It was found that even mixture samples containing low percentages of adulterants could be distinguished from genuine cranberry extracts. Highly satisfactory results were obtained, with overall errors in the quantification of adulterations below 4.3%.
RP-HPLC–UV–ESI-MS phytochemical analysis of fruits
Previous work revealed that the defatted methanol (MeOH) extract of fruits of Conocarpus erectus L. (Combretaceae family) exhibited antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities. In further studies of this valuable plant, the defatted MeOH extract of C. erectus fruits was subjected to chromatographic fractionation in a silica gel glass column followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-electrospray ionisation spectrometry analysis (RP-HPLC-UV-ESI-MS). The major and sharp peaks in each sample were identified or tentatively identified based on matching with some standard compounds and a review of the literature. Ellagic acid, vescalagin/castalagin isomer and di-(hexahydroxy diphenoyl) galloyl hexose isomer were tentatively identified as major components with many hydrolysable types of tannins on the basis of a comparison of its mass patterns with relevant items in the literature. Gallic acid, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were identified on the basis of matching retention time (tR) and mass spectra with the standards. Polymethoxylated flavonoid isomers were also tentatively identified. The antioxidant properties of all samples were found to be associated with the total content of phenolic compounds. This may be considered as the first detailed phytochemical report in identifying the phytochemicals in C. erectus fruits. Due to the high antioxidant activity exhibited by both the crude MeOH extract and its fractions, it could be used as an effective natural antioxidant after further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Talanta, 2012
Polyphenol profile of Citrus juices of sweet orange, tangerine, lemon and grapefruit from Spanish cultivars was obtained by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection coupled to Electrospray ionization and Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Fifty eight phenolic compounds of five different classes were identified in these Citrus juices. Flavanone: O-dihexoside of naringenin; flavones: apigenin-7-O-rutinoside-4 0-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-neohesperidoside-4 0-Oglucoside, luteolin-6-C-glucoside, 6,8-di-C-acylhexosides of chrysoeriol and diosmetin, 6C-and 8Cglucoside-O-pentoside of apigenin, apigenin-6-C-hexoside-O-hexoside and apigenin-8-C-hexoside-Oacylrhamnoside; flavonols: 7-O-rutinosides of quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and tamarixetin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside, tamarixetin-3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-hexoside-7-O-rhamnosylhexoside, 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnosylhexoside of quercetin and isorhamnetin and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnosylhexoside-7-O-rhamnoside; hydroxycinnamic acids: O-hexoside of ferulic and sinapic acid; and, coumarins: O-hexoside and Orhamnosylhexoside of scopoletin, had not previously been reported in Citrus juices to our knowledge. Structures have been assigned on the basis of the complementary information obtained from retention time, UV-visible spectra, scan mode MS spectra, and fragmentation patterns in MS 2 spectra obtained using different collision energies. A structure diagnosis scheme is provided for the identification of different phenolic compounds.
Determination of the phenolic composition from Brazilian tropical fruits by UHPLC–MS/MS
Food Chemistry, 2015
Although Brazil is the third largest fruit producer in the world, several specimens consumed are not well studied from the chemical viewpoint, especially for quantitative analysis. For this reason and the crescent employment of mass spectrometry (MS) techniques in food science we selected twenty-two phenolic compounds with important biological activities and developed an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method using electrospray (ESI) in negative ion mode aiming their quantification in largely consumed Brazilian fruits (açaí-do-Amazonas, acerola, cashew apple, camu-camu, pineapple and taperebá). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was applied and the selection of proper product ions for each transition assured high selectivity. Linearity (0.995 < r 2 < 0.999), limit of detection (28.85-333.3 pg/mL), limit of quantification (96.15-1111 pg/mL), inter-and intraday accuracy (>80%), precision (CV < 20%) and extraction recovery rate (>80%) were satisfactory and showed that the method provides an efficient protocol to analyze phenolic compounds in fruit pulp extracts.
A critical review of methods for characterisation of polyphenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables
Food Chemistry, 2011
Phenolic compounds, ubiquitous in plants, are of considerable interest and have received more and more attention in recent years due to their bioactive functions. Polyphenols are amongst the most desirable phytochemicals due to their antioxidant activity. These components are known as secondary plant metabolites and possess also antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties along with their high antioxidant capacity. Many efforts have been made to provide a highly sensitive and selective analytical method for the determination and characterisation of polyphenols. The aim of this paper is to provide information on the most recent developments in the chemical investigation of polyphenols emphasising the extraction, separation and analysis of these compounds by chromatographic and spectral techniques.► Natural sources of phenolic compounds. ► Detailed classification of polyphenols. ► Extraction methods for phenolic compounds. ► Methods for quantification and separation of polyphenols (spectrophotometric methods and chromatographic techniques). ► Spectral methods used in structure elucidation and characterisation of phenolic compounds.
Journal of Chromatography A, 2007
A solvent extraction procedure of freeze-dried aliquots followed by the analysis of phenolic compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with photodiode array detection (DAD) has been developed for the analysis of polyphenolic compounds in fruit juices. This methodology is focussed on the characterization of fruit juices, mainly for quality control purposes. The effects of experimental variables, such as solvent composition and volume and time and temperature on extraction, have been studied. A unique gradient program for the separation of several phenolic classes (hydroquinones, hydroxybenzoic acids, flavan-3-oles, hydroxycinnamic acids, coumarins, flavanones, flavones, dihydrochalcones and flavonols) has been optimized, using standards of 55 commercially available phenolic compounds present in fruits, as well as representative real extracts from fruit juices. All phenolic compounds showed a high repeatability within-day (n = 5) and between days (n = 3) in peak area (RSD < 8%) and excellent stability of their retention times. High precision was also observed in calibration slopes (RSD < 8%). Detection limits ranged between 0.005 and 0.03 g/mL for the different detected polyphenols. Complete recoveries (98-100%) were obtained for the majority of the phenolic structures of all representative phenolic families present in fruits. The method was successfully employed to measure diverse phenolic families in juices from 18 different fruits and consequently could be used for evaluate the quality of fruit juices.