POLYPLOID SPECIATION IN ASIAN GREEN TOADS OF THE GENUS BUFOTES (BUFONIDAE). (original) (raw)
Related papers
ON FAUNOGENESIS OF TENEBRIONID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) OF MIDDLE ASIA
Aim. The critic analyses of works about faunogenesis of tenebrionid beetles of Middle Asia considering the new data about phylogeography of some Mediterranean Tenebrioidae; analyses of causes of disjunction in distribution of some darkling beetles. Methods. We used important published from 1965 to 2015 works on tenebrionid faunogenesis of Middle Asia and Mediterranean and partly author’s and colleague’s material for the critic analyses. Conclusions. The hypothesis about ancient centers of origin of tenebrionid fauna of Middle Asia on coasts of Tethys Sea is confirmed by modern phylogeographic studies, but the time of the origin of recent taxa is possibly much earlier than previously assumed Pliocene-Pleistocene. New data on distribution of two species of the tribe Helopini, Eustenomacidius laevicollis and Catomus niger (the first record for Turkmenistan), which were previously known only from Tien Shan and Hissar Darvaz Mts are given. Small populations of these two species were found in the Eastern Caspian Region. We assume that the disjunction of its ranges is related with environmental factors (reduction of food resources, competition from close species), but not with geographic isolation.
Анотация. Методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) проведено сравнительное иссле-дование спор десяти видов семейства Polypodiaceae J. Presl & C. Presl из родов Polypodiodes Ching, Metapoly-podium Ching, Polypodiastrum Ching, Goniophlebium (Blume) C. Presl. Выявлено, что споры исследованных видов представлены тремя морфологическими типами, первый из которых свойственен Polypodiodes и Meta-polypodium, второй – Goniophlebium и третий – Polypodiastrum. По морфологии спор можно судить о близком родстве между родами Polypodiodes и Metapolypodium и промежуточном положении Polypodiastrum между ними и Goniophlebium. Ключевые слова: Polypodioideae, Азия, морфология спор, периспорий. Summary. With use of the method of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), comparative study of spores of ten species from the genera Polypodiodes Ching, Metapolypodium Ching, Polypodiastrum Ching, and Goniophlebium (Blume) C. Presl (Polypodiaceae) was conducted. It has been revealed, that spores of the studied species are presented by three morphological types. Spore morphology suggests close affinity of Polypodiodes and Metapolypodium as well as the intermediate position of Polypodiastrum between them and Goniophlebium.
In the article, the dynamic in the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton species, forming blooms in the coastal marine areas and brackish lakes (Varna and Beloslav) in 2008 -2010 is demonstrated. The changes in the number and taxonomic composition of the dominating species, the danger of forming and distribution of blooming and potentially toxic phytoplankton are analyzed.
Principles of the Ecology, 2020
Ключевые слова: флуктуирующая асимметрия Юго-Восточная Азия статистический анализ урбоэкология Hemidactylus platyurus синантропная герпетофауна Аннотация: В данной работе проведен комплексный статистический анализ флуктуирующей асимметрии (ФА) билатерально симметричных признаков фолидоза головы и конечностей плоскохвостого домового геккона Hemidactylus platyurus. Половой диморфизм и возрастные различия ФА во всех трех анализируемых группах не выявлены (p = 0.12-0.83, p = 0.52-0.94 соответственно). Значимых различий в дифференциации биотопов по уровню ФА между центральной и краевой зонами для выборок без учета типа субстрата не обнаружено ни в одной изучаемой совокупности. Различия интегрального индекса в зависимости от типа субстрата выявлены во всех трех городах, причем как при сравнении выборок внутри городов, так и между собой (p < 0.05). Отмечено, что коэффициент ФА асимметрии выше на стенах (0.36-0.84), чем на стволах деревьев (0.10-0.58). При межпопуляционном сравнение выборок из Бангкока-Пномпеня, Бангкока-Вьентьяна выявлены высоко значимые различия в индексе ФА (p < 0.05). При сравнении Пномпеня-Вьентьяна различий не обнаружено. Бангкок-крупный транспортный и промышленно развитый мегаполис с населением более 5 млн человек, тогда как Пномпень и Вьентьян существенно уступают по этим показателям. Транспорт и промышленные предприятия являются основным источником физико-химического загрязнения городской среды, прямо или косвенно оказывающим влияние на стабильность развития живых организмов.
MORPHOLOGY OF ТНЕ EGGS OF ТНЕ NOTODONTIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) OF ТНЕ FAUNA OF ТНЕ USSR
Data аге presented on the egg structure in 26 species of the Notodontidae of the USSR fauna, studied by scanning electron microscopy. Characteristic of the family on the egg structure is given, basing on a study of 85 species of 44 genera from the USSR; all the studied species are divided into 3 groups. 48 original microphotographs are presented.
Natural polyploidy in amphibians
Th is article examines polyploidy in amphibians. 53 polyploid species from 15 genera and 10 families (only anurans) are currently recognized. Th ey can be arranged in 4 groups with diff erent ploidy levels: I (triploids), 4 species of the toad genus Bufotes, II (tetraploids), 33 species from 14 genera and 10 families, III (octoploids), 12 species from 3 genera and 3 families, and IV (dodeсaploids), 4 species of the genus Xenopus. Only one taxon above the species level totally consisting of polyploid (4n to 12n) species is known (the subgenus Xenopus). At least 10 diploid-polyploid species complexes were revealed among amphibians. In nature, triploid individuals can originate in the hybridization zone between di- and tetraploid species. Occasionally, some triploids occur within populations of diploid species. Also polyploids (3n to 5n) are common among diploid-polyploid hybridogenetic forms, which breed clonally (Ambystoma and Pelophylax). Th e concept of reticulate (hybridogenous) speciation involved the hybridization between species, clonal inheritance and polyploidy is supported by current data. Polyploid amphibian species are mainly distributed in southern regions (Africa, South America, and Australia). In fact, the Oriental realm lacks polyploid amphibians.
With use of the method of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), comparative study of spores of ten species from the genera Polypodiodes Ching, Metapolypodium Ching, Polypodiastrum Ching, and Goniophlebium (Blume) C. Presl (Polypodiaceae) was conducted. It has been revealed, that spores of the studied species are presented by three morphological types. Spore morphology suggests close affinity of Polypodiodes and Metapolypodium as well as the intermediate position of Polypodiastrum between them and Goniophlebium.