Reconstructing the normative definitions of terrorism (original) (raw)
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Terrorism - conceptualization and development
2014
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Contemporary terrorism as a global threat
2013
Terrorism has been present in human history since ancient times, but it was not considered a serious threat for global security. The attacks on the World Trade Center have demonstrated that it is a threat of a global nature. It is an effective weapon used by the "weaker" against the stronger opponents. The subject of terrorism is very complex, difficult and elusive. There is a divergence among the scholars in understanding terrorism studies due to the lack of uniform criteria for the determination of a clear definition. Therefore, this article is an attempt to characterize the diversity of the terrorist activities that deviate from the “conventional” terrorism such as agro-terrorism, cyber-terrorism, super-terrorism, etc.). In addition, the paper stresses the need of combating terrorism as a partial solution to improve the safety of the international community.
Reference Services Review, 1990
Terrorism is not a new phenomenon in human life. It existed during Biblical times when Joseph, the seventeen-year-old son of Jacob, was kidnapped and sold into slavery by his jealous brothers. Although terrorists have been active throughout history, it is only recently that we have seen an increase in scholarly interest in the phenomenon of terrorism. One reason for this is the fact that terrorist activities have increased dramatically since the 1960s. Everyday we read in the newspapers and hear on radio and television details of the latest terrorist outrage. Many American colleges and universities now offer a course or two on terrorism as a part of their curriculum. Since terrorism has become an attractive topic of study for social scientists, especially political scientists, sociologists, and psychologists, the literature has grown so large that readers cannot absorb it all. The subject has been approached from almost every conceivable angle. Studies have been made of terrorist organizations, terrorist personalities, terrorist tactics, and specific terrorist incidents. Some authors have looked at the subject from an historical perspective, while others concentrate on the political, psychological, or sociological aspects. There are books and articles on the behavioral aspects of the problem as well as the implications of terrorist acts on domestic and international law. This essay presents selected current readings on the subject of terrorism. It includes books, periodicals, encyclopedias and dictionaries, directories, bibliographies, and database files in the English language dating from 1985 to the present. The literature has been classified into eight broad categories: definition of terrorism, general works on terrorism, psychological aspects of terrorism, religious aspects of terrorism, combating terrorism, periodicals, online databases, and bibliographies. Definition of Terrorism Although the use of terror has been around since early human history, arriving at a comprehensive and definitive definition of the word "terrorism" is virtually impossible. The reason for this is that the terms pertaining to terrorism are constantly changing depending on from which side of the ideological spectrum they are viewed. Fortunately, several reference sources have defined the term from different points of view. John Richard Thackrah, in Encyclopedia of Terrorism and Political Violence (1987), states that "terrorism has neither a precise definition nor one which is widely acceptable. The imprecise nature of the term means that it can be applied to almost any set of fear-producing actions to serve a variety of purposes. More generally, it can General Works on Terrorism Countless general studies on terrorism provide a definition, history, and analysis of the subject.
TERRORISM: A THREAT TO SECURITY AND HUMAN EXISTENCE
IJPA, 2019
Terrorism attracted a lot of attention in recent year. Many theories have been developed by scholars to explain terrorism, its causes, while people resort to extreme violence to make their point. This paper examines some selected theories that could help us gain insight into terrorism and various activities associated with it. One of the major recommendation made by this paper is that terrorism as a global issue require increased global attention. There must be concerted effort from both state and non-state actors to halt further spread of terrorism. The paper concludes that given the increasing numbers of terrorist groups and the way they regenerate through a structured program of recruitment, adoption of modern technologies and modern weapons, the world as we know could be in a great danger of destruction.
Globalized Terrorism as a Threat of International Safety
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The article examines the evolution of the term “terrorism”, analyzes the features of the modern stage of terrorism and assesses the profits of modern terrorist organizations. Authors studied the process of terrorism like the one that is becoming a lever of world politics at the present stage of human development. The publication substantiates the complexity of the influence of the functioning of international terrorist organizations on the social, political and economic situation of individual countries and the system of international relations in general. The trends of activity of international terrorist organizations are highlighted. The ways of hampering the terrorist threat are justified and proposed in the article.
PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume II, Issue 4 How to Define Terrorism
Terrorist insurgencies, in all their configurations and local conflicts, constitute the primary warfare threat facing the international community. This is especially the case following September 2001, when al Qaida demonstrated that it had world class ambitions to inflict catastrophic damages on its adversaries. In other conflicts, such as the Palestinian-Israeli arena, terrorist rebellions are primarily localized. Because of the worldwide reach of al Qaida and its affiliates, including the spontaneous emergence of al Qaida-inspired groupings and cells in Western Europe, North America, and elsewhere, many nations have been upgrading their homeland security defenses and calling on their academic communities to provide analytical understanding of the nature and magnitude of the threat and how to counteract and resolve it. As a result, terrorism courses, research institutes and certificate programs have been proliferating at universities and other academic institutions around the world. Despite the great attention being devoted to terrorism studies; however, there is no consensus about the most fundamental starting point in terrorism studies: how to define terrorism.
Terrorism as a form for endangering global security
Defining, understanding but also fight against terrorism has taken a new shape after the attacks on the United States of America on September, 11 2001. Now terrorism has changed his view and enemies are not more specific certain countries but this is a global war and that in a certain moment the opponent may be one or more states of a specific region that directly threatening global security. In this paper we will elaborate what the international community has undertaken to coordinate actions to stop terrorism starting from military, police, intelligence cooperation and to the prevention of funding terrorist organizations through various acts within the global organization or even regional ones such as the UN and the EU and in each country separately for the single purpose of eliminating the threat fromterrorism.
Terrorism as a Global Security Threat
Journal of US-China Public Administration Journal of US-China Public Administration, 2018
When and how does the ultra-right-wing terrorism period close as their mean in politics with the goal of deterrence and the destruction of the capitalist order? Why does the "Arabian jihad" shift its priorities from the "close enemy" to the "far enemy"? Why did terrorist violence appear more often, in the last couple of decades, in the countries where Muslims are the majority, or why are the perpetrators, in terms of terrorist acts, mostly Muslims? These are the questions which are in the academic discussion centre and analysis of our paper. The paper identifies the causes and discusses the "us" and "them" polarization. The goal is to explain what is behind these paroles through the analysis of world's authors: "War against terrorism", "Unity of a nation", and "The just war". From a theoretical and empirical point of view, emphasizing of the Islamic component in terrorism is unfair at least. We used qualitative research methods, including the desk research, to obtain necessary data to give answers on our research questions.