Risk management at heritage sites: A case study of the Petra world heritage site (original) (raw)
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ICOMOS is dedicated to the development of common doctrines , the evolution and circulation of knowledge, the creation of improved conservation techniques, and the promotion of cultural heritage significance. As an official advisory body to the World Heritage Committee for the implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, ICOMOS evaluates nominations and advises on the state of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List. ICOMOS has built a solid philosophical, doctrinal and managerial framework for the sustainable conservation of heritage around the world. The ICOMOS Heritage at Risk Reports, first published in 2000, are part of this framework. From a strictly preservation-based approach this publication series offers worldwide information about the dangers that are threatening our cultural heritage, in order to provide help in the case of risks and to promote practical measures to avert or at least allay these risks.
Risk management – as it has been defined – involves the decision-making process following a risk assessment (Ball, Watt, 2003). It is the process that involves managing to minimize losses and impacts on the significant of historic structures and to reach the balance between gaining and losing opportunities. This contribution explains the “heritage information” platform developed using low-cost recording, documentation and information management tools to serve as container for assessments resulting from the application of a risk methodology at a pilot area of the Petra Archaeological Park, in particular those that permit digitally and cost effective to prepare an adequate baseline record to identify disturbances and threats. Furthermore, this paper will reflect on the issue of mapping the World Heritage property’s boundaries by illustrating a methodology developed during the project and further research to overcome the lack of boundaries and buffer zone for the protection of the Petra World Heritage site, as identified in this project. This paper is based on on-going field project from a multidisciplinary team of experts from the Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation (University of Leuven), UNESCO Amman, Petra Development Tourism and Region Authority (PDTRA), and Jordan’s Department of Antiquities (DoA), as well as, experts from Jordan. The recording and documentation approach included in this contribution is part of an on-going effort to develop a methodology for mitigating (active and preventive) risks on the Petra Archaeological Park (Jordan). The risk assessment has been performed using non-intrusive techniques, which involve simple global navigation satellite system (GNSS), photography, and structured visual inspection, as well as, a heritage information framework based on Geographic Information Systems. The approach takes into consideration the comparison of vulnerability to sites with the value assessment to prioritize monuments at risk based on their importance of significance and magnitude of risk, in order for the authorities to plan more in-depth assessment for those highly significant monuments or areas at risk. A decision tool is envisaged as outcome of this project.
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Risk management -as it has been defined -involves the decision-making process following a risk assessment (Ball, Watt, 2003). It is the process that involves managing to minimize losses and impacts on the significant of historic structures and to reach the balance between gaining and losing opportunities. This contribution explains the "heritage information" platform developed using low-cost recording, documentation and information management tools to serve as container for assessments resulting from the application of a risk methodology at a pilot area of the Petra Archaeological Park, in particular those that permit digitally and cost effective to prepare an adequate baseline record to identify disturbances and threats. Furthermore, this paper will reflect on the issue of mapping the World Heritage property's boundaries by illustrating a methodology developed during the project and further research to overcome the lack of boundaries and buffer zone for the protection of the Petra World Heritage site, as identified in this project.
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The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this publication and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The publication of this volume was financed by the Italian Funds-in-Trust.
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Dr. Douglas Comer is president of the International Scientific Committee on Archaeological Heritage Management (ICAHM), the international body that advises ICOMOS and UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee on archaeological sites and landscapes, and that also works with professionals and associations around the world to advance the field of archaeological heritage management. He is also principal of Cultural Site Research and Management, a research, planning, and consulting firm that develops and utilizes innovative technologies, data-collection methodologies, and public-involvement techniques to produce and supplement sustainable, resource-driven cultural resource management plans.
2012. Risk Management at Heritage Sites: a case study of the Petra World Heritage Site
The Risk Mapping Project in Petra, collaborative project, started in February 2011 for a period of fifteen months in response to the increasing risks for loss of heritage values at the site and a need for their assessment and proposing responses to reduce their impact. Petra Archaeological Park (PAP), the most significant World Heritage site in Jordan, with its unique landscape, monuments and natural gorges, is a fragile property. Further to its inherent fragile characteristics, Petra is endangered by natural and human-made threats and impacts. Lack of an implemented management plan coupled with no clear property boundaries and an absence of buffer zones as remcommended by the World Heritage Committee, and weak visitor management strategies, result in major gaps in the management of the property and increasing risks to the site. Accordingly, risk assessment and research to better address the challenges of the management of Petra Word Heritage site have been identified as the most appropriate tools for mitigation of risks and protection of the values of the property. This publication examines a systematic approach in order to identify threats, their causes, and understand and access their effects, and proposes ways to choose reponses and mitigation strategies in order to reduce the impact of threats. This publication presents a risk management methodology to be used as a systematic tool for the better management of heritage sites. The methodology developed incorporates similar approaches used by the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), and the Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI)-Institute for Cultural Heritage of the Netherlands (ICN).
Open Letter to the UNESCO World Heritage Center
SAFRANBOLU UNESCO World Heritage at Risk, 2022
Dear Mr. Lazare Eloundou Assomo, Director I have written this letter to inform you how Safranbolu, which was registered to the World Heritage List in 1994 with the serial number 614, came under threat due to the changes made in the general land use regime. If you do not take immediate action, the Safranbolu Cultural Heritage Site will be irreversibly damaged. I attach UNESCO World Heritage in Turkey, published by the UNESCO Turkish National Committee in 2012, and the changes made by the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey in the natural sites legislation and the future of Safranbolu cultural heritage site in the short and medium term because of this change. I am attaching the report that will explain the problems. The interesting thing is that the Safranbolu conservation area has never had a buffer zone, the natural protected areas surrounding it have taken over this function, and the cultural heritage areas have become open to all kinds of external influences due to the recent development of the natural protected areas. Before the damage that may arise in this way reaches an irreversible point, your urgent initiatives are necessary before the President of the Republic of Turkey, the Minister of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, and the Minister of Culture and Tourism. I respectfully submit. Ibrahim Canbulat, M. Arch. Karauzum Street 12 78600 Safranbolu Karabuk Turkey +90 532 2069799