Towards sustainable coexistence: People and wild mammals in Baluran National Park, Indonesia (original) (raw)
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Conflict of Local People and Larger Mammals - A Case of Chitwan National Park in Central Nepal
Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 2015
Background: Chitwan National Park which covers 932 km 2 lies in the lowlands or inner terai of southern central Nepal. It has 503 rhinoceros, 120 tigers and 40-50 elephants. Wildlife such as leopard, wild dog, sloth bear, gaur, sambar, chital, hog deer, barking deer, wild pig etc. are also found in this park. The park is facing enormous enroachment from the local people. Objective: The objective of this study is to study the causes of conflicts and find out the ways for park-people management. This study has been designed to reveal the intricate relationship among the large mammals and local people and the resultant conflict. Methodology: The study has applied cross-sectional design and included 100 people. Both the quantitative and qualitative approaches have been used to collect data. Research instruments namely interview, questionnaire and observation were applied for this study. Results: Larger mammals and local people have both positive and negative interactions. Negative interaction or conflict takes place due to the competition between the park and people that are concerned at crop damage, livestock loss and injury to rhino, deer, boar, tiger etc. Regarding the types of crops damaged by the wildlife, mustard, potato, maize, paddy and wheat top the list. Conclusion: In Chitwan National Park, the relation between larger mammals and local people is positive such as promoting tourism and maintaining greenery and negative in some cases such as injury and damage by larger mammals, restrictions on the use of park resources for local people etc. The park-people relationship can be managed by introducing a number of measures which respect the lives of both the local people and wildlife in the park. Both the park authorities and local people should work in coordination so that the benefit from the immeasurable gift of nature could be exploited.
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies
In conservation areas throughout Indonesia, there are at least 1.8 million hectares of open land in the form of damaged or degraded ecosystems following encroachment on conservation areas by local communities. Addressing this, the government of Indonesia has introduced a conservation partnership policy issued in 2018, namely the Director General of KSDAE Regulation No. P.6/KSDAE/SET/Kum.1/6/2018 concerning Technical Guidelines for Conservation Partnerships in Nature Reserves and Nature Conservation Areas. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the impact of conservation partnerships on improving the welfare of the community in the Gunung Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park (GMKHP). The research was conducted within the GMKHP area, with the samples taken from the community of Forest Farmer Groups (KTH) in the villages of Pelita Asih, Jaya Mekar, Sunda Mekar, Cikadu, Sukajaya, and Kaduwulung. The approach used in this study is qualitative. Data were collected by questionnai...
Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary; Two Perspectives from the ground
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Large mammal use of protected and community-managed lands in a biodiversity hotspot
In large parts of the biodiversity-rich tropics, various forest governance regimes often coexist, ranging from governmental administration to highly decentralized community management. Two common forms of such governance are protected areas, and community lands open to limited resource extraction. We studied wildlife occurrences in the north-east Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, where the Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary (EWS) is situated adjacent to community lands governed by the Bugun and Sherdukpen tribes. We conducted transect-based mammal sign surveys and camera trapping for mammals (>0.5 kg), and interviewed members of the resident tribes to understand their hunting practices and causes of wildlife declines. Interviews indicated hunting-mediated declines in the abundances of mammals such as the tiger Panthera tigris, gaur Bos gaurus and river otters Lutrogale and Aonyx species. Larger species such as B. gaurus were much more abundant within EWS than outside of it. Community-managed lands harbored smaller bodied species, including some of conservation importance such as the red panda Ailurus fulgens, clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa and golden cat Pardofelis temminckii. Our findings show that protected areas may have important non-substitutive values but adjoining community-managed lands may also have important conservation values for a different set of species.
Asian Journal of Conservation Biology
This survey reveals how the community in Rimbang Baling Wildlife Sanctuary in their understanding of positive laws, especially the state regulation, both concern the rule of law and laws related to conservation. In addition, their attitude towards sharia law such as the wildlife fatwa (MUI’s Fatwa No 4/2014) is about the protection of endangered wildlife to maintain ecosystem balance. We ask which rules must be obeyed first, the religious regulations, such as fatwas, or government rules? It has been revealed in this study that sharia complied with 20.1% (intervention villages = intervention) and 17.1% (control villages = control), government regulations of 15.3% (intervention), and 10.9% (control), while those who answered that both regulations must be obeyed were of 53.3% (intervention) and 65.1% (control), and the rest answered “don’t know”. The survey also questioned of hunting and trading of endangered animals prohibited by MUI Fatwa No. 4 of 2014. The respondents were on opinio...
Criteria for the establishment of National Park in Indonesia are aimed at benefiting the purpose of ecological sustainability of the area on scientific basis, so that the national park establishments often neglect the sociocultural aspects. This phenomenon causes overlapping between national park territory and customary territory and creates conflicts related with spatial arrangement and natural resources utilization, due to disharmony of criteria in the zonation pattern and spatial pattern of traditional community. Three important findings are found through an approaching the importance of biodiversity conservation and livelihood of customary community. First, the sustainable use of natural resource would be in place where customary community still keeps their traditional way of life particularly that in relations to conservation. Second, so far the park zonation policy does not take into account the values, norms and livelihoods of the customary community. Third, the regulations and criteria for park zonation hinder the traditional access and control of customary community over national park. The last two mentioned factors could potentially create conflicts between customary community and parks. Adaptation was needed toward the prevailing science-based ecologically-oriented regulation on zoning plan, so it would incorporate the customary community in order to achieve effective management of national park.
2017
Key to animal biodiversity conservation are the local communities that live in and around these sites as their livelihoods depend on the natural resources these sites provide. SSWP (Sub Satuan Wilayah Pembangunan) IV Sidoarjo covers Krian, Balongbendo, Tarik, Prambon, and Wonoayu subdistrict with the main function as technical agricultural, industrial zones supported by the low density of settlement activity. Development in this region which tend not balanced between technical agricultural and industrial activities, it is necessary to study in depth so that rapid industrial development can still pay attention to the environment because there is a trend change in agricultural land use and settlements for industrial activities. Take a look at the projections of potential future threats and potential huge biodiversity in SSWP IV is necessary to do a program with a strategic approach to community support efforts to efficiently manage potential biodiversity. As well as the development and diversification of food security program in the region is an abundant source of food. The purpose of this study was to determine the biodiversity of animals in SSWP IV Sidoarjo and knowing how the knowledge and participation of local communities on biodiversity of animals in the region. The study was conducted in August-September 2016 through direct field surveys for collecting animal biodiversity primary data. It also conducted a structured interview to determine how much knowledge and participation of local communities towards the conservation of biodiversity of animals in SSWP IV Sidoarjo. The results of field studies obtained 28 Aves species, 48 species of Insect, 14 species of Pisces, 4 species of Reptiles, 6 species of Mammals. It was known that there were a bird species with protected status in accordance with UU No. 5 1990 and least concern status in accordance with IUCN. While the results of the interview obtained 63% of 19 respondents did not know about the definition of biodiversity, however, 62% of respondents knew that the conservation of biodiversity is the protection of biodiversity. Based on the results of the study can be recommended to empowering knowledge and participation of local communities and suggest that a scheme of stakeholderled no-take zones may be an effective strategy conservation for animal biodiversity.